art

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See also: Appendix:Variations of "art"
Languages (22)
Translingual • English
Albanian • Catalan • Cornish • Crimean Tatar • Danish • French • Icelandic • Irish • Latvian • Maltese • Middle English • Middle French • Norwegian Bokmål • Norwegian Nynorsk • Occitan • Old French • Old Irish • Old Norse • Swedish • Turkish
Page categories

Translingual

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Symbol

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art

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-5 language code for artificial languages.

English

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A painting showing many kinds of art, including literature, music, and painting itself.

Etymology 1

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From Middle English art, from Old French art, from Latin artem, accusative of ars (“art”). Partly displaced native Old English cræft, whence Modern English craft.

Pronunciation

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Other accents and pronunciations

Noun

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art (countable and uncountable, plural arts)

  1. (uncountable) The conscious production or arrangement of sounds, colours, forms, movements, or other elements in a manner that affects the senses and emotions, usually specifically the production of the beautiful in a graphic or plastic medium.
    There is a debate as to whether graffiti is art or vandalism.
    • 1992 May 3, “Comrade Bingo”, in Jeeves and Wooster, Series 3, Episode 6:
      B.W. Wooster: If you ask me, art is responsible for most of the trouble in the world.
      R. Jeeves: An interesting theory, sir. Would you care to expatiate upon it?
      B.W. Wooster: As a matter of fact, no, Jeeves. The thought just occurred to me, as thoughts do.
      R. Jeeves: Very good, sir.
    • 2005 July, Lynn Freed, Harper's:
      "I tell her what Donald Hall says: that the problem with workshops is that they trivialize art by minimizing the terror."
    • 2009, Alexander Brouwer, (Please provide the book title or journal name):
      Visual art is a subjective understanding or perception of the viewer as well as a deliberate/conscious arrangement or creation of elements like colours, forms, movements, sounds, objects or other elements that produce a graphic or plastic whole that expresses thoughts, ideas or visions of the artist.
  2. (uncountable) The creative and emotional expression of mental imagery, such as visual, auditory, social, etc.
  3. (countable) Skillful creative activity, usually with an aesthetic focus.
    She's mastered the art of programming.
  4. (uncountable) The study and the product of these processes.
    He's at university to study art.
  5. (uncountable) Aesthetic value.
    Her photographs are nice, but there's no art in them.
  6. (uncountable) Artwork.
    Sotheby's regularly auctions art for millions.
    art collection
  7. (countable) A field or category of art, such as painting, sculpture, music, ballet, or literature.
    I'm a great supporter of the arts.
  8. (countable) A nonscientific branch of learning; one of the liberal arts.
    • 2013 August 3, “Boundary problems”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8847:
      Economics is a messy discipline: too fluid to be a science, too rigorous to be an art. Perhaps it is fitting that economists’ most-used metric, gross domestic product (GDP), is a tangle too. GDP measures the total value of output in an economic territory. Its apparent simplicity explains why it is scrutinised down to tenths of a percentage point every month.
  10. (countable) Skill that is attained by study, practice, or observation.
    • 1796, Matthew Lewis, The Monk, Folio Society, published 1985, page 217:
      A physician was immediately sent for; but on the first moment of beholding the corpse, he declared that Elvira's recovery was beyond the power of art.
    • 1855, Harriet Martineau's translation, The Positive Philosophy of Auguste Comte Vol. 1, Introduction, Ch. 2, page 21, from Auguste Comte, Cours de philosophie positive (1830–1842)
      The relation of science to art may be summed up in a brief expression: From Science comes Prevision: from Prevision comes Action.
    • 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter IV, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC, page 58:
      The Celebrity, by arts unknown, induced Mrs. Judge Short and two other ladies to call at Mohair on a certain afternoon when Mr. Cooke was trying a trotter on the track. The three returned wondering and charmed with Mrs. Cooke; they were sure she had had no hand in the furnishing of that atrocious house.
    • 1983 December 3, “Personal advertisement”, in Gay Community News, volume 11, number 20, page 21:
      Let's make sandwiches out of colored paper and teach people how to listen. Listening is a social art and we had best hang on to it. A tape recording stuck in your ear won't do.
  11. (uncountable, dated) Contrivance, scheming, manipulation.
Synonyms
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Antonyms
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Hyponyms
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Derived terms
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Descendants
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  • Jamaican Creole: aat
  • Tok Pisin: at
  • → Japanese: アート (āto)
Translations
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The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Further reading

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Etymology 2

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From Middle English art, from Old English eart (“(thou) art”), second-person singular present indicative of wesan, from Proto-Germanic *art (“(thou) art", originally, "(thou) becamest”), second-person singular preterite indicative form of *iraną (“to rise, be quick, become active”), from Proto-Indo-European *er-, *or(w)- (“to lift, rise, set in motion”).

Cognate with Faroese ert (“art”), Icelandic ert (“art”), Old English earon (“are”), from the same preterite-present Germanic verb. More at are.

Pronunciation

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(stressed)

(unstressed)

Verb

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art

  1. (archaic) second-person singular simple present indicative of be
    How great thou art!

See also

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References

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  • “art”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
  • "art" in Raymond Williams, Keywords (revised), 1983, Fontana Press, page 40.
  • art in Keywords for Today: A 21st Century Vocabulary, edited by The Keywords Project, Colin MacCabe, Holly Yanacek, 2018.
  • “art”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.
  • Hickey, Raymond (1984) “Coronal Segments in Irish English”, in Journal of Linguistics, volume 20, number 2, →DOI, pages 233–250

Anagrams

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Albanian

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Etymology

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Learned borrowing from Latin ars, artem.

Noun

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art m (definite arti)

  1. art

Declension

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Declension of art
singular
indefinite definite
nominative art arti
accusative artin
dat./abl. arti artit

Synonyms

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Further reading

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  • “art”, in FGJSSH: Fjalor i gjuhës së sotme shqipe‎[2] (in Albanian), 1980
  • Newmark, L. (1999) “art”, in Oxford Albanian-English Dictionary‎[3]
  • “art”, in FGJSH: Fjalor i gjuhës shqipe (in Albanian), 2006

Catalan

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Catalan Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ca

Etymology

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From Latin artem.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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art m or f (plural arts)

  1. art (something pleasing to the mind)

Usage notes

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  • Generally masculine in the singular, feminine in the plural.

Derived terms

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Noun

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art m (plural arts)

  1. fishing net

Derived terms

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Further reading

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Cornish

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Etymology

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From Latin ars (“art”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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art m (plural artys)

  1. art

Crimean Tatar

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Noun

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art

  1. back
    Synonyms: arqa, sırt

Danish

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Etymology

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From Middle Low German art, from Old Saxon *ard, from Proto-Germanic *ardiz, cognate with German Art.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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art c (singular definite arten, plural indefinite arter)

  1. kind
  2. nature
  3. species

Inflection

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Declension of art
common
gender 		Singular Plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative art arten arter arterne
genitive arts artens arters arternes

French

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Etymology

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From Latin artem, accusative singular of ars.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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art m (plural arts)

  1. art

Derived terms

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Descendants

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  • Haitian Creole: la (< l'art)

Further reading

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Anagrams

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Icelandic

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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art f (genitive singular artar, nominative plural artir)

  1. nature, character, disposition
    það var svo góð art í honum að hann talaði aldrei nema vel um fólk á bak
    He had such a good nature that he never spoke unkindly about people behind their backs.
  2. wellbeing, growth
    það er engin art í grasinu
    the grass is not thriving.
  3. (obsolete) type

Synonyms

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Irish

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Etymology

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From Old Irish art, explained in glossaries as “stone”.

Noun

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art m (genitive singular airt, nominative plural airt)

  1. stone

Declension

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Declension of art

First declension

Bare forms:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative art airt
Vocative a airt a arta
Genitive airt art
Dative art airt

Forms with the definite article:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative an t-art na hairt
Genitive an airt na n-art
Dative leis an art

don art

leis na hairt

Derived terms

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Mutation

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Irish mutation
Radical Eclipsis with h-prothesis with t-prothesis
art n-art hart not applicable
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

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Latvian

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Art
Art ar traktoru

Etymology

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From Proto-Baltic [Term?], from Proto-Indo-European *h₂erh₃- (“to plow”), from *h₁er- (“sparse; to crumble, to fall to pieces”), whence also the verb irt; see there for more.

Cognates include Lithuanian árti, Old Prussian artoys (“plowman”) (compare Lithuanian artójas), Old Church Slavonic орати (orati), Russian dialectal or dated ора́ть (orátʹ), Belarusian ара́ць (arácʹ), Ukrainian ора́ти (oráty), Bulgarian ора́ (orá), Czech orati, Polish orać, Gothic 𐌰𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌽 (arjan), Old Norse erja, Hittite [Term?] (/⁠ẖarra-⁠/, “to crush; (passive form) to disappear”), [Term?] (/⁠ẖarš-⁠/, “to tear open; to plow”), Ancient Greek ἀρόω (aróō), Latin arō.[1]

Pronunciation

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Verb

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art (transitive, 1st conjugation, present aru, ar, ar, past aru)

  1. to plow (to prepare (land) for sowing by using a plow)
    art zemi ― to plow the land, earth
    art tīrumu, lauku ― to plow a field
    art dārzu ― to plow a garden
    art kūdraino augsni ― to plow the peaty soil
    art ar traktoru ― to plow with a tractor
    papuvi ara divi traktori ― two tractors plowed the fallow (land)
    iziet art agri no rīta ― to go plowing early in the morning
    rudenī, rugāju arot, sekoju Jurim pa vagu un sarunājos ― in autumn, while (he was) plowing the stubble field, I followed Juris along the furrows and talked

Conjugation

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conjugation of art
INDICATIVE (īstenības izteiksme) IMPERATIVE
(pavēles izteiksme)
Present
(tagadne) 		Past
(pagātne) 		Future
(nākotne)
1st pers. sg. es aru aru aršu —
2nd pers. sg. tu ar ari arsi ar
3rd pers. sg. viņš, viņa ar ara ars lai ar
1st pers. pl. mēs aram arām arsim arsim
2nd pers. pl. jūs arat arāt arsiet,
arsit 		ariet
3rd pers. pl. viņi, viņas ar ara ars lai ar
RENARRATIVE (atstāstījuma izteiksme) PARTICIPLES (divdabji)
Present arot Present Active 1 (Adj.) arošs
Past esot aris Present Active 2 (Adv.) ardams
Future aršot Present Active 3 (Adv.) arot
Imperative lai arot Present Active 4 (Obj.) aram
CONDITIONAL (vēlējuma izteiksme) Past Active aris
Present artu Present Passive arams
Past būtu aris Past Passive arts
DEBITIVE (vajadzības izteiksme) NOMINAL FORMS
Indicative (būt) jāar Infinitive (nenoteiksme) art
Conjunctive 1 esot jāar Negative Infinitive neart
Conjunctive 2 jāarot Verbal noun aršana

Derived terms

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References

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  1. ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “art”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca‎[1] (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN.

Maltese

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Arabic أَرْض (ʔarḍ).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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art f (plural artijiet or (obsolete) iradi)

  1. earth (our planet)
    Synonym: dinja
  2. land, ground, soil
    • 1949, Anton Buttigieg, “Il-Ġebla tal-Ġeneral”, in Fanali bil-Lejl:
      u lili firdu minn mal-art għal dejjem,
      u jien sfajt blata u gżira l-aktar ċkejkna,
      bi ftit faqqiegħ u ftit gremxul sewdieni
      ngħix ħajja waħdi.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
  3. homeland
    art twelidi ― my homeland
    bla art ― without a homeland

Inflection

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    Inflected forms
Personal-pronoun-
including forms 		singular plural
m f
1st person arti artna
2nd person artek artkom
3rd person artu artha arthom

Derived terms

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Middle English

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Etymology 1

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From Old English eart, second person singular of wesan (“to be”), from Proto-Germanic *art, second person singular of *iraną.

Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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art

  2. second-person singular present indicative of been
Usage notes
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This form is more common than bist for the second-person singular.

Descendants
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Etymology 2

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Borrowed from Old French art, from Latin artem, accusative form of ars, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂r̥tís.

Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /art/, (Northern) /aːrt/

Noun

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art (plural artes or ars)

  2. A member of the seven medieval liberal arts (the trivium and quadrivium).
  3. The seven medieval liberal arts as a group; the trivium and quadrivium combined.
  4. The foundational knowledge and activities of a field or subject (either academic or trade).
  5. Applied or practical knowledge; the execution or realisation of knowledge.
  6. Guile, craft or an instance of it; the use of deception or sleight-of hand.
  7. Competency, skill; one's aptitude or ability in a given area or at a given task.
  8. A set of rules or guidelines for conducting oneself; a code of conduct.
  9. (rare) Knowledge, information; the set of things which one has learned about (through formal study).
  10. (rare) Rhetoric; skill in oration, argument, speech, or speaking.
  11. (rare) Human behaviour or action (as opposed to natural happenings).
Descendants
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References
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Etymology 3

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From Old English eard, from Proto-West Germanic *ard, from Proto-Germanic *ardiz (“nature; type”). Doublet of erd (“nature, disposition”).

Noun

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art

  2. (Northern) district, locality
Descendants
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References

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Middle French

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Etymology

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Inherited from Old French art.

Noun

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art m (plural ars)

  1. art
    • 15th century, Rustichello da Pisa (original author), Mazarine Master (scribe), The Travels of Marco Polo, page 15, lines 7–8:
      Il y a de toutes choses habondance, et ils vivent de marchandise et d'art.
      There is an abundance of everything and they make a living from merchandise and from art

Descendants

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  • French: art
    • Haitian Creole: la (< l'art)

Norwegian Bokmål

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Norwegian Bokmål Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia nb

Noun

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art f or m (definite singular arta or arten, indefinite plural arter, definite plural artene)

  1. character, nature, kind
  2. (biology) a species

Derived terms

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References

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Anagrams

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Norwegian Nynorsk

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Norwegian Nynorsk Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia nn

Noun

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art m or f (definite singular arten or arta, indefinite plural artar or arter, definite plural artane or artene)

  1. (biology) a species
  2. character, nature, kind

Derived terms

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References

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Anagrams

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Occitan

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Etymology

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From Latin ars.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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art m (plural arts)

  1. art
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Old French

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Etymology

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From Latin artem, accusative of ars.

Noun

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art oblique singular, m or f (oblique plural arz or artz, nominative singular arz or artz, nominative plural art)

  1. art (skill; practice; method)
    • (Can we date this quote?) Walter of Bibbesworth: Le Tretiz, ed. W. Rothwell, ANTS Plain Texts Series 6, 1990. Date of cited text: circa 1250
      ore serroit a saver de l’art a bresser & brasyr
      Now would be the time to know the art of brewing

Descendants

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  • Middle French: art
    • French: art
      • Haitian Creole: la (< l'art)
  • Norman: art
  • Walloon: årt
  • → Middle English: art

References

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Old Irish

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Etymology

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From Proto-Celtic *artos (“bear”) (compare Cornish arth, Welsh arth), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ŕ̥tḱos (“bear”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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art m

  1. bear
    Synonym: mathgamain

Inflection

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Masculine o-stem
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative art artL airtL
Vocative airt artL artuH
Accusative artN artL artuH
Genitive airtL art artN
Dative artL artaib artaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
  • H = triggers aspiration
  • L = triggers lenition
  • N = triggers nasalization

Mutation

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Old Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Nasalization
art
(pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments) 		unchanged n-art
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Old Norse

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Alternative forms

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Adjective

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art

  1. strong neuter nominative/accusative singular of argr

Swedish

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Etymology

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From Old Swedish art, from Middle Low German art, from Old Saxon *ard, from Proto-Germanic *ardiz (“character, nature, inborn quality”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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art c

  1. species

Declension

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Declension of art
nominative genitive
singular indefinite art arts
definite arten artens
plural indefinite arter arters
definite arterna arternas

References

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Anagrams

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Turkish

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Etymology

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From Ottoman Turkish آرت (art), آرد (ard) from Proto-Turkic *hārt (“back”). Cognate with Turkish arka.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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art

  1. hind, rear
    art tekerler ― rear wheels

Synonyms

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Noun

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art (definite accusative ardı, plural artlar)

  1. back
    Ardına bakmadan kaçtı.
    He ran away without looking "at his back".
  2. the other side

Declension

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Inflection
Nominative art
Definite accusative ardı
Singular Plural
Nominative art artlar
Definite accusative ardı artları
Dative arda artlara
Locative artta artlarda
Ablative arttan artlardan
Genitive ardın artların

Synonyms

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Derived terms

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