cal

See also: Appendix:Variations of "cal"

㎈ U+3388, ㎈ SQUARE CAL ← ㎇ [U+3387] CJK Compatibility ㎉ → [U+3389]

Translingual

Symbol

cal

1. calorie

Derived terms

• ㎉ / kcal

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kæl/
• Rhymes: -æl

Etymology 1

Clippings.

Noun

cal (plural cals)

1. (informal) Clipping of calorie.
2. (military, informal) Clipping of caliber.
3. (informal) Clipping of calendar.
   • 2020 April 1, Taylor Lorenz, “Stop Trying to Be Productive”, in The New York Times‎^[1]:

     “I set an hour on my cal every day for a home workout. Then I’d be on calls for three hours, then I’d make a homemade breakfast, take a walk at lunchtime, work on something non-screen-related in the evening, cook dinner and go on a run,” she said.

4. Clipping of calibration.

Derived terms

• lo-cal
• low-cal

 

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

cal (uncountable)

1. (mining, archaic, UK, dialect, Cornwall) wolfram, an ore of tungsten.

Etymology 3

From an abbreviation of calcium hydroxide.

Noun

cal (uncountable)

1. calcium hydroxide, slaked lime

See also

• Nor-cal
• So-cal

 

Anagrams

• ACL, CLA, LAC, LAc, LCA, Lac, alc, lac

Aromanian

Alternative forms

• calu

Etymology

From Late Latin caballus (“horse”), from Latin caballus (“pack horse”). Compare Romanian cal.

Noun

cal m (plural calj or cai)

1. horse

Related terms

• cãlãrets
• cãlar / ncãlar
• cãlãriu
• ncalic

Catalan

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈkal]
• Rhymes: -al

Etymology 1

Contraction

cal

1. Contraction of ca el.

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

cal

1. third-person singular present indicative of caldre

Chinese

Etymology

From clipping of English calibrate.

Pronunciation

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ke¹

---

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: ke¹
    • Yale: kē
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ke¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: ké¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɛː⁵⁵/

Verb

cal

1. (Hong Kong Cantonese) to fine-tune; to calibrate (a hardware, e.g. camera, television, speakers)

See also

• cal機／cal机, caltor

Dalmatian

Etymology 1

From Latin quālis.

Conjunction

cal

1. as

Etymology 2

From Latin callis.

Noun

cal

1. road, street

References

• Bartoli, Matteo (1906) Il Dalmatico: Resti di un’antica lingua romanza parlata da Veglia a Ragusa e sua collocazione nella Romània appenino-balcanica, Rome: Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana, published 2000

French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kal/

Noun

cal m (plural cals)

1. callus (hardened part of the skin)

Further reading

• “cal”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Galician

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkal/ [ˈkɑɫ]
• Rhymes: -al

Etymology 1

From Old Galician-Portuguese cal, from Vulgar Latin *calem, from Latin calx, from Ancient Greek χάλιξ (khálix, “pebble”).

Noun

cal m (plural cales)

1. lime (calcium oxide)

Derived terms

• Caeira
• Caeiro
• Cal
• cal morto
• cal vivo

 

Etymology 2

From Old Galician-Portuguese caal, from Latin canalis. Doublet of canal.

Alternative forms

• canle

Noun

cal m or f (plural cales)

1. ditch
2. furrow
3. mill race
4. chute

Derived terms

• Cal
• Da Cal
• Dacal

 

Etymology 3

From Old Galician-Portuguese cal / qual, from Latin quālis (“which”). Cognate with Portuguese qual and Spanish cual.

Alternative forms

• cual

Pronoun

cal (plural cales)

1. which (what one)

Etymology 4

Noun

cal f (uncountable)

1. Abbreviation of caloría.

References

• Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “qual”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “cal”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “cãal”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “cal”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “cal”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “cal”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “cal”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

Istriot

Etymology

From Latin callis, callem.

Noun

cal

1. street, alley

Megleno-Romanian

Etymology

Inherited from Late Latin caballus (“horse”), from Latin caballus (“pack horse”), probably of Gaulish [Term?] origin.

Noun

cal m

1. horse

References

• Atasanov, Petar (1990) Le mégléno-roumain de nos jours: Une approche linguistique, Hamburg: Buske

Old English

Etymology

Variant of cawel.

Noun

cāl m

1. cabbage, kale, colewort

Descendants

• Middle English: col
  • English: cole

References

• Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller (1898) “cál”, in An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary‎^[2], 2nd edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Old Galician-Portuguese

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈkal]
• Rhymes: -al
• Hyphenation: cal

Etymology 1

Inherited from Vulgar Latin cals, from Latin calx, from Ancient Greek χάλιξ (khálix, “pebble”).

Noun

cal f (plural cals)

1. lime (calcium oxide)
   • 13th century, Afonso Lopes de Baião, En arouca hũa casa faria; republished as chapter 1471, in Angelo Colocci, compiler, Cancioneiro da Biblioteca Nacional‎^[3], c. 1526:

     En arouca hũa casa faria
     Atantei grã sabor dea fazer
     Que ia mays custa nõ recearia
     Nen ar daria rẽ por meu auer
     Ca ey pedreyꝛos e pedra e cal
     E desta casa nõ mi mĩgua al
     Senõ madeyra noua q̃ queria

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Descendants

• Galician: cal
• Portuguese: cal

Etymology 2

Pronoun

cal

1. Alternative form of qual

Descendants

• Galician: cal

References

• Manuel Ferreiro (2014–2024) “cal”, in Universo Cantigas. Edición crítica da poesía medieval galego-portuguesa (in Galician), A Coruña: UDC, →ISSN

Pipil

Etymology

From Proto-Uto-Aztecan *kaliR. Compare Classical Nahuatl calli (“house”).

Pronunciation

• (Standard) IPA^(key): /kal/
• (Witzapan) IPA^(key): /ɡal/
• (Cuisnahuat) IPA^(key): /kaɬ/, /kaːl/
• (Teotepeque) IPA^(key): /kaɬ/
• (Jicalapa) IPA^(key): /kaɬʲ/

Noun

cal (plural cahcal)

1. an enclosed habitational space, a house or room

   Ne nocompa nemi tic oni toltic cal

   My friend lives in that yellow house

Related terms

• -chan (“home”)

Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈt͡sal/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -al
• Syllabification: cal

Etymology 1

Borrowed from German Zoll.

Noun

cal m inan

1. inch (English unit of length equal to 1/12 of a foot or 2.54 cm, conceived as roughly the width of a thumb)

Declension

Declension of cal

	singular	plural
nominative	cal	cale
genitive	cala	cali
dative	calowi	calom
accusative	cal	cale
instrumental	calem	calami
locative	calu	calach
vocative	calu	cale

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

cal

1. second-person singular imperative of calić

Further reading

• cal in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• cal in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Portuguese

Etymology

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese cal, from Vulgar Latin cals, from Latin calx, from Ancient Greek χάλιξ (khálix, “pebble”).

Pronunciation

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈkaw/ [ˈkaʊ̯]

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈkal/ [ˈkaɫ]

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈkal/ [ˈkaɫ]
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈka.li/

• Rhymes: (Portugal) -al, (Brazil) -aw
• Hyphenation: cal

Noun

cal f or (nonstandard) m (plural cales or cais)

1. lime (calcium oxide)

Usage notes

Although common, usage of "cal" as a masculine gender noun is proscribed.

Romanian

Etymology

Inherited from Late Latin caballus (“horse”), from Latin caballus (“pack horse”), probably of Gaulish [Term?] origin or from something further east, such as a Scythian and ultimately Proto-Iranian [Term?] origin. The Romanian word likely went through an earlier hypothetical form *căal or *caual. Compare Aromanian cal.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kal/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

cal m (plural cai)

1. horse
2. (chess) knight

Declension

	singular			plural
	indefinite	definite		indefinite	definite
nominative-accusative	cal	calul		cai	caii
genitive-dative	cal	calului		cai	cailor
vocative	calule			cailor

Related terms

• călare
• încăleca

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkal/ [ˈkal]

• Audio (Colombia):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -al
• Syllabification: cal

Etymology 1

Inherited from Vulgar Latin cals, from Latin calx (via the nominative), from Ancient Greek χάλιξ (khálix, “pebble”).

Noun

cal f (uncountable)

1. lime (calcium oxide)

Derived terms

• a cal y canto
• agua de cal
• cal apagada
• cal hidráulica
• cal muerta
• cal viva
• cloruro de cal
• de cal y canto
• línea de cal
• mortero de cal
• piedra de cal
• una de cal y otra de arena

 

Etymology 2

Symbol

cal

1. Symbol of caloría

Further reading

• “cal”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

Volapük

Noun

cal (nominative plural cals)

1. occupation
2. office (position)
3. profession

Declension

declension of cal

	singular	plural
nominative	cal	cals
genitive	cala	calas
dative	cale	cales
accusative	cali	calis
vocative 1	o cal!	o cals!
predicative 2	calu	calus

• ¹ status as a case is disputed
• ² in later, non-classical Volapük only

Derived terms

Terms derived from cal

• bai cal
• bijopacal
• bötädalacal
• büakanitanacal
• büranacal
• calablig
• caladinit
• calajäf
• calal
• calam
• calan
• calanem
• calanemön
• calasvist
• calasvistät
• calasvistätik
• calasvistik
• calavobod
• calazil
• calid
• (transitive) calidön
• calihilaban
• calijilaban
• calilab
• calilaban
• calik
• caliko
• calikön
• calilisit
• calilisitan
• calinotedian
• calo
• calodugälan
• calohidugälan
• calohikrütan
• calohikusadan
• calohilekusadan
• calohisukan
• calojidugälan
• calojikrütan
• calojikusadan
• calojilekusadan
• calojisukan
• calokrütan
• calokusadan
• calokusadan rejimenik
• calolekusadan
• calolekusadan militik
• calosukan
• caloyül
• caloyülan
• calöf
• calöfik
• calöfo
• calön
• calön as
• calükam
• (transitive) calükön
• calükön eki
• calül
• calülilisit
• calülilisitan
• cifacal
• cödalacal
• dilekanacal
• diviguvanacal
• donacalan
• donahicalan
• donajicalan
• fotocalan
• fotocalanaziläk
• fotohicalan
• fotojicalan
• gämöpahicalan
• gämöpajicalan
• gämöpacalan
• geracal
• gijätacal
• gijätacalan
• gijätahicalan
• gijätajicalan
• gitädadünanacal
• hicalan
• jicalan
• kasedabötalacal
• kasedacalan
• kasedahicalan
• kasedajicalan
• komotacal
• kuracal
• kuracalal
• kuracalan
• kurahicalan
• kurajicalan
• laidacal
• legätacal
• lelivacal
• libavilacalan
• libavilacalan pö gitäd
• libavilahicalan
• libavilajicalan
• lelivacals
• löpacal
• löpacalihilaban
• löpacalihilaban
• löpacalik
• löpacalilaban
• penanacal
• pläidanacal
• poldacalalabür
• poldacalalam
• potacal
• potacalan
• potahicalan
• potajicalan
• presidanacal
• reiganacal
• säcalükam
• säcalükamapenäd
• (transitive)säcalükön
• sekretanacal
• stimacal
• tidalacal
• tidanacal
• yananacal

Related terms

• cäl
• cälan
• cäläb
• cälod
• cälodön
• cälov
• cälovik
• cälön
• hicäläb
• hicälan
• jicäläb
• jicälan
• laidacäl