gene

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See also: Appendix:Variations of "gene"

English

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Etymology

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From German Gen, from Ancient Greek γενεά (geneá, “generation, descent”), from the aorist infinitive of γίγνομαι (gígnomai, “I come into being”). Coined by Danish botanist Wilhelm Ludwig Johannsen in 1909, in a German-language publication, from the last syllable of pangene.[1]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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gene (plural genes)

  1. (genetics) A theoretical unit of heredity of living organisms; a gene may take several values and in principle predetermines a precise trait of an organism's form (phenotype), such as hair color.
    Coordinate terms: cistron (sometimes synonymous); phene
  2. (molecular biology) A segment of DNA or RNA from a cell's or an organism's genome, that may take several forms and thus parameterizes a phenomenon, in general the structure of a protein; locus.
    A change in a gene is reflected in the protein or RNA molecule that it codes for.
    • 2019, Bill Bryson, The Body: A Guide for Occupants, Black Swan (2020), page 7:
      A length of DNA is divided into segments called chromosomes and shorter individual units called genes.

Usage notes

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In the simplest case and in principle, a gene locus is supposed to be the physical reality corresponding to the theoretical gene unit of heredity; in practice, things are far more complicated and confused, which is well known and acknowledged. However, these questions are the subject of still very active scientific research, as well as the topic of both scientific and philosophical questions, especially on the real compatibility between both senses of the term.

Derived terms

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Translations

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ Wilhelm Ludvig Johannsen (1909) Elemente der exakten Erblichkeitslehre‎[1] (in German), Jena: Gustav Fischer, page 124: “Darum scheint es am einfachsten, aus Darwin's[sic] bekanntem Wort die uns allein interessierende letzte Silbe „Gen“ isoliert zu verwerten, um damit das schlechte, mehrdeutige Wort „Anlage“ zu ersetzen.”

Further reading

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Anagrams

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Danish

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Etymology

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From French gêne.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /sjeːnə/, [ˈɕeːnə]

Noun

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gene c (singular definite genen, plural indefinite gener)

  1. inconvenience, nuisance (something that bothers)
    Røgen fra skorstenen er til gene for naboerne.
    The smoke from the chimney is bothering the neighbours.

Declension

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Declension of gene
common
gender 		Singular Plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative gene genen gener generne
genitive genes genens geners genernes

References

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Dutch

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Pronunciation

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Adjective

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gene

  1. inflection of geen:
    1. masculine/feminine singular attributive
    2. definite neuter singular attributive
    3. plural attributive

Anagrams

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Italian

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Italian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia it

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈd͡ʒɛ.ne/
  • Rhymes: -ɛne
  • Hyphenation: gè‧ne

Etymology 1

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From German Gen.

Noun

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gene m (plural geni)

  1. (genetics) gene
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Etymology 2

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See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

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gene f pl

  1. plural of gena

Middle Dutch

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Etymology

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From Old Dutch *gēn, from Proto-Germanic *jainaz.

Pronunciation

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Determiner

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gêne

  1. that over there, yonder

Descendants

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  • Dutch: geen

Further reading

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Portuguese

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Pronunciation

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  • Hyphenation: ge‧ne

Noun

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gene m (plural genes)

  1. (genetics) gene
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Further reading

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Romanian

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈd͡ʒe.ne/
  • Rhymes: -ene
  • Hyphenation: ge‧ne

Etymology 1

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Noun

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gene f

  1. inflection of genă (“gene”):
    1. indefinite nominative/accusative plural
    2. indefinite genitive/dative singular

Etymology 2

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Noun

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gene f

  1. inflection of geană (“eyelash”):
    1. indefinite nominative/accusative plural
    2. indefinite genitive/dative singular

Spanish

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Noun

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gene m (plural genes)

  1. gene
    Synonym: gen

Turkish

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Etymology

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From Old Turkic *yana (“again”), from Proto-Turkic *yan- (“to return, turn back”).

Cognates:

Cognate with Bashkir және (jəne, “йән”); Kyrgyz жана (jana, “again”), Uzbek yana (“again”), Uyghur يەنە (yene, “again”), Turkmen ýene (“again”),

Adverb

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gene

  1. (colloquial) again
    Synonym: yine

Noun

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gene

  1. dative singular of gen
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