mal
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Page categories
Translingual
[edit]Symbol
[edit]mal
See also
[edit]English
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- IPA(key): /mæl/
Audio (Southern England): (file) - Rhymes: -æl
Etymology 1
[edit]Borrowed from French mal (“illness”). Doublet of malus.
Noun
[edit]mal (plural mals)
- (only in set phrases) illness, affliction.
- a grand mal seizure
Derived terms
[edit]- (illness): grand mal, petit mal, mal de mer, mal du Suisse
Related terms
[edit]See also
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Noun
[edit]mal (plural mals)
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 3
[edit]Noun
[edit]mal (plural mals)
Derived terms
[edit]See also
[edit]Anagrams
[edit]Afrikaans
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Dutch mal, from Middle Dutch mal.
Adjective
[edit]mal (attributive mal, comparative maller, superlative malste)
Inflection
[edit]predicative | attributive | independent | partitive | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | ||||
positive | mal | malle | malles | mals | |
comparative | maller | mallere | malleres | mallers | |
superlative | malste | malstes | — |
Derived terms
[edit]Albanian
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Albanian *mala,[1] from Illyrian *mol-on. Vladimir Orel proposed Lithuanian malà (“land”) and Latvian mala (“bank, shore”) as cognates. Proto-Albanian *mal- reflecting an ancient Balkan toponym.[2][3] Preserved in patroynms, ethnonym malësor (“highlander, mountaineer”), in toponym (historical and ethnographic region) Malësia (north Albania and Montenegro). In Kosovo (Malishevë, Gjilan, Mališevo, Prizren), in Serbia (Maleševo (Golubac), Maleševo (Rekovac)) and the name of Maleshevo Mountain (North Macedonia and Bulgaria).[4] Gil'Ferding proposed Sanskrit मरु (marú, “wilderness, mountain, rock”) as a cognate. According to Michel Morvan a common pre-Indo-European substrate with Basque malda (“slope”) and malkor (“precipice”)[5] (cf. pre-Indo-European geonymic root *mal (*mel, *mol), Tamil மலை (malai, “hill, mountain”) and Malayalam മല (mala, “id”)).
La Piana and Huld suggested Old English molda (“forehead”) and Sanskrit मूर्धन् (mūrdhan, “head, top, summit”), both derived from Proto-Indo-European *ml̥Hdʰṓ. Also connected to Ancient Greek *μλωθρός (*mlōthrós), μέλαθρον (mélathron, “ridgepole”), βλαστάνω (blastánō, “to sprout, grow”). Compare also Ancient Greek βλωθρός (blōthrós, “lofty”), Avestan 𐬐𐬀-𐬨𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬋 (ka-mərəδō, “demon's head”), with a semantic development from ‘head’ > ‘summit’, compare malë (“tongue tip, tree top”)) > ‘mountain’.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]mal m (plural male, definite mali, definite plural malet)
- mount
- Mali i Korabit ― Mount Korab
- mountain
- Synonym: bjeshkë
- forest (Gheg)
- large amount of something
- Kam marrë një mal me letra. ― I've received a lot of papers.
Declension
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “mal”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 243 → (“Proto-Albanian *mala was borrowed into Rum. mal ('bank')”)
- ^ Gustav Meyer (1891) Etymologisches Wörterbuch der albanesischen Sprache, Trübner, page 273
- ^ Gustav Meyer (1892) Albanesische Studien III. Lautlehre des indogermanischen Bestandteile des Albanesischen, Carl Gerold's Sohn, pages 63, 78
- ^ Ernst Eichler, Gerold Hilty, Heinrich Löffler, Hugo Steger, Ladislav Zgusta (1995) Namenforschung 1. Teilband (Name Studies Volume 1, Les noms propres Tome 1), Walter de Gruyter & Co., Berlin - New York, →ISBN Invalid ISBN, page 718 → (Chapter: 104. Illyrian-Albanian Toponyms)[1]
- ^ Michel Morvan (1996) Les origines linguistiques du Basque (The linguistic origins of Basque), Presses Universitaires de Bordeaux, →ISBN
Aleut
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]mal
- to do
References
[edit]- 2007. The UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive. Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Department of Linguistics.
Aromanian
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Cognate to Daco-Romanian mal. From Proto-Albanian *mala (“mountain”) (Albanian mal). Proto-Albanian *mal- reflecting an ancient Balkan toponym.[1][2][3][4] See Albanian mal (“mountain”) for more.
Noun
[edit]mal
Related terms
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Ernst Eichler, Gerold Hilty, Heinrich Löffler, Hugo Steger, Ladislav Zgusta (1995) Namenforschung 1. Teilband (Name Studies Volume 1, Les noms propres Tome 1), Walter de Gruyter & Co., Berlin - New York, →ISBN Invalid ISBN, page 718 → (Chapter: 104. Illyrian-Albanian Toponyms)[2]
- ^ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “mal”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 243 → (“Proto-Albanian *mala was borrowed into Rum. mal ('bank')”)
- ^ Gustav Meyer (1891) Etymologisches Wörterbuch der albanesischen Sprache, Trübner, page 273
- ^ Gustav Meyer (1892) Albanesische Studien III. Lautlehre des indogermanischen Bestandteile des Albanesischen, Carl Gerold's Sohn, pages 63, 78
Azerbaijani
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Arabic مَال (māl, “property”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]mal (definite accusative malı, plural mallar)
- property
- Synonym: əmlak
- goods, ware, commodity, product
- (colloquial) cargo
- cattle, livestock
- cow
- Synonym: inək
- beef (mostly in combination with ət (“meat”))
- mal əti ― beef
- (colloquial, by extension) a dumb, dull person; an idiot
- Nə var mal kimi durmusan orada? ― Don't stand there like an idiot!
- (colloquial, derogatory, by extension) a well-fed, plump woman
Declension
[edit]Declension of mal | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||||||
nominative | mal |
mallar | ||||||
definite accusative | malı |
malları | ||||||
dative | mala |
mallara | ||||||
locative | malda |
mallarda | ||||||
ablative | maldan |
mallardan | ||||||
definite genitive | malın |
malların |
Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “mal” in Obastan.com.
Bouyei
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Proto-Tai *ʰmaːᴬ (“to come”). Cognate with Thai มา (maa), Northern Thai ᨾᩣ (ma), Lao ມາ (mā), Lü ᦙᦱ (maa), Ahom 𑜉𑜠 (ma), 𑜉𑜡 (mā), 𑜉𑜡𑜠 (māa), Zhuang maz.
Verb
[edit]mal
- to come
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]From Proto-Tai *ʰmaːᴬ (“dog”). Cognate with Thai หมา, Lao ໝາ (mā), Lü ᦖᦱ (ṁaa), Shan မႃ (mǎa), Zhuang ma.
Noun
[edit]mal
Synonyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Cara
[edit]Noun
[edit]mal
References
[edit]- R. Blench, The Rukul language of Central Nigeria and its affinities (2006) (mentions this word in notes)
Catalan
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Old Catalan mal, from Latin malus.
Noun
[edit]mal m (plural mals)
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]From Old Catalan mal, from Latin male.
Adverb
[edit]mal
Derived terms
[edit]Adjective
[edit]mal (feminine mala, masculine plural mals, feminine plural males)
Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “mal” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “mal”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
- “mal” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
- “mal” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
Cebuano
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Spanish mal, apocopic form of malo (“evil”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]mal
Verb
[edit]mal
Cimbrian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle High German māl, from Old High German māl, from Proto-West Germanic *māl, from Proto-Germanic *mēlą (“measurement; time; meal”). Cognate with German Mal, Mahl, English meal.
Noun
[edit]mal n
Related terms
[edit]References
[edit]- “mal” in Cimbrian, Ladin, Mòcheno: Getting to know 3 peoples. 2015. Servizio minoranze linguistiche locali della Provincia autonoma di Trento, Trento, Italy.
Crimean Tatar
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Arabic مال (māl, “property”).
Noun
[edit]mal
Declension
[edit]References
[edit]Dalmatian
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Noun
[edit]mal
Danish
[edit]Verb
[edit]mal
- imperative of male
Dutch
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Old French modle, an old (11th century) borrowing from Latin modulus (“measure”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]mal f (plural mallen, diminutive malletje n)
Descendants
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]From Middle Dutch mal, of uncertain origin. Cognate with German malle. Possibly related to French mal (“bad”) or Dutch malen (“to grind, crush”) in the sense "broken, twisted."
Adjective
[edit]mal (comparative maller, superlative malst)
- foolish, crazy, lacking common sense
Usage notes
[edit]The adjective mal always refers to an aspect of a thing or person. It is the adjective form of the noun mallerd. For other senses, dwaas, dom and gek are used.
Declension
[edit]Declension of mal | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
uninflected | mal | |||
inflected | malle | |||
comparative | maller | |||
positive | comparative | superlative | ||
predicative/adverbial | mal | maller | het malst het malste | |
indefinite | m./f. sing. | malle | mallere | malste |
n. sing. | mal | maller | malste | |
plural | malle | mallere | malste | |
definite | malle | mallere | malste | |
partitive | mals | mallers | — |
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Afrikaans: mal
Further reading
[edit]- van der Sijs, Nicoline, editor (2010), “mal1”, in Etymologiebank, Meertens Institute
Anagrams
[edit]French
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Old French mal, from Latin malus, possibly derived from Proto-Indo-European *(s)mel- (“bad, wrong”). Near cognates include Portuguese mal, Italian male and Spanish malo.
Noun
[edit]mal m (plural maux)
- (as in the phrase: avoir du mal) trouble, difficulty
- Synonyms: problème, emmerde, misère, difficulté
- J’ai du mal à m’imaginer ça. ― I have trouble imagining that.
- pain
- Synonym: douleur
- J’ai mal à la tête. ― I have a headache. (literally, “I have pain at the head.”)
- 1986, “Il était une fois … une maison des musiciens [There Once Was… a House of Musicians]”, in Il était une fois … une petite grenouille [There Once Was… a Little Frog] (fiction), Paris: CLE International:
- Aïe, j’ai mal au bras !
Ouille, j’ai mal aux dents! Et toi, le lit, tu n’as pas mal aux pieds ?
Non, mais j’ai mal à la tête.
Moi, j’ai mal aux oreilles !- Argh, my arms hurt!
Oww, my teeth hurt! How about you, bed, don't your legs hurt?
No, it's my head that hurts.
As for me, my ears hurt!
- Argh, my arms hurt!
- evil
- Le philosophe abordait de grandes questions du bon et du mal. ― The philosopher discussed broad questions of good and evil.
- damage, harm
Derived terms
[edit]- aux grands maux les grands remèdes
- avoir du mal
- avoir mal
- combattre le mal par le mal
- de deux maux, il faut choisir le moindre
- dire du mal
- en mal de
- entre deux maux, il faut choisir le moindre
- faire mal
- génie du mal
- le mal est fait
- le remède est pire que le mal
- mal de chien
- mal de débarquement
- mal de gorge
- mal de la route
- mal de l’air
- mal de mer
- mal de tête
- mal des transports
- mal du pays
- mal du pays
- mal du siècle
- mal nécessaire
- mettre à mal
- ne pas faire de mal à une mouche
- petit mal
- plus de peur que de mal
- prendre son mal en patience
- se donner du mal
- soigner le mal par le mal
- un mal pour un bien
Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- → English: mal
Etymology 2
[edit]From Old French, from Latin male.
Adverb
[edit]mal
- badly
- C’est mal fait. ― It's done badly.
Adjective
[edit]mal (feminine male, masculine plural maux, feminine plural males)
- (in set phrases and limited constructions) bad
- bon an, mal an ― good year, bad year
- bon gré, mal gré ― willy-nilly (literally, “good will, bad will”)
- Il est mal de [infinitive] ― It’s wrong to [infinitive]
- C’est mal de [infinitive] ― It’s wrong to [infinitive]
Synonyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]- bien mal acquis ne profite jamais
- bon an mal an
- de mal en pis
- mal à l’aise
- mal à propos
- mal amanché
- mal baisé
- mal barré
- mal dans sa peau
- mal élevé
- mal embouché
- mal en point
- mal léché
- mal luné
- mal portant
- mal-aimé
- mal-être
- malade
- maladie
- maladresse
- maladroit
- malaise
- malaisé
- malentendu
- malfaisant
- malheur
- malséant
- pas mal
- prendre mal
- tant bien que mal
Further reading
[edit]- “mal”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams
[edit]Galician
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Old Galician-Portuguese mal, from Latin male.
Adverb
[edit]mal
Etymology 2
[edit]From Old Galician-Portuguese mal, from Latin malum.
Noun
[edit]mal m (plural males)
Etymology 3
[edit]Adjective
[edit]mal m sg
Etymology 4
[edit]Attested since circa 1300 (máále), from Latin manualis (“manual”). Cognate with Portuguese mangual.
Alternative forms
[edit]Noun
[edit]mal m (plural males)
- flail
- c. 1300, R. Martínez López, editor, General Estoria. Versión gallega del siglo XIV, Oviedo: Archivum, page 271:
- cõmo faz a lyma ao ferro, et a fornaz ao ouro que o purga et esmera et o faz puro et paresçe mellor, et cõmo faz outrosi o máále áá messe que a degrana em çeueyra et parte a palla do graão que e o mellor
- as the file does to iron, and the furnace to gold, that purges and cleans it and makes it pure and looks better; and also as the flail does to the harvest, that threshes it into sustenance and parts the straw and the grain, which is the best part
- 1474, Antonio López Ferreiro, editor, Galicia Histórica. Colección diplomática, Santiago: Tipografía Galaica, page 67:
- Iten, preçaron hun maal en tres maravedis
- Item, they appraised a flail in three coins
- handle of the flail
References
[edit]- Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “mal”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “maal”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
- Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “mal”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “mal”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “mal”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN
German
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From the noun Mal (“time”). Partly shortened from einmal, which is also derived from the noun.
Pronunciation
[edit]- IPA(key): /maːl/ (standard)
- IPA(key): /ma/ (colloquial)
Audio: (file) - Homophones: Mahl, Mal, mahl
- Rhymes: -aːl
Adverb
[edit]mal
- times (indicating multiplication of two numbers)
- sechs mal sieben ist zweiundvierzig
- six times seven is forty-two
- (informal) Alternative form of einmal (“sometime, ever, once”), may serve to introduce a new information.
- Wenn du in Köln bist, musst du mal bei deiner Tante anrufen.
- When you’re in Cologne, you must call your aunt sometime.
- Ich geh mal zum Kaffeestand.
- I’m off to the coffee stall.
- (informal) Softening a sentence, thus making a request or command more polite. By extension, indicating a command or request.
- Haben Sie mal Feuer?
- Do you have a lighter [please]?
- Haste Feuer?
- D'ya have fire?
- Du musst mal deine Tante anrufen.
- You have to call your aunt.
Derived terms
[edit]Verb
[edit]mal
Further reading
[edit]- “mal (Adverb)” in Duden online
- “mal (Konjunktion)” in Duden online
- “mal (Partikel)” in Duden online
- “mal” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
Guinea-Bissau Creole
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Portuguese mal. Cognate with Kabuverdianu mal.
Adjective
[edit]mal
Related terms
[edit]Icelandic
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From mala (“to purr”).
Noun
[edit]mal n (genitive singular mals, no plural)
Declension
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]See malur.
Noun
[edit]mal
Indonesian
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Noun
[edit]mal (first-person possessive malku, second-person possessive malmu, third-person possessive malnya)
Etymology 2
[edit]From Malay mal, from Arabic مَال (māl).
Noun
[edit]mal (first-person possessive malku, second-person possessive malmu, third-person possessive malnya)
- treasure
- Synonyms: khazanah, harta benda
- synonym of dana
Etymology 3
[edit]From Dutch mal (“mold, cast”), from Old French modle, from Latin modulus (“measure”). Doublet of modulus.
Noun
[edit]mal (first-person possessive malku, second-person possessive malmu, third-person possessive malnya)
Etymology 4
[edit]Noun
[edit]mal (first-person possessive malku, second-person possessive malmu, third-person possessive malnya)
- shopping centre, mall.
- Synonyms: plaza, pusat perbelanjaan
Further reading
[edit]- “mal” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
Interlingua
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Adjective
[edit]mal (comparative plus mal, superlative le plus mal)
Adverb
[edit]mal (comparative plus mal, superlative le plus mal)
Noun
[edit]mal (plural males)
Italian
[edit]Noun
[edit]mal m (apocopated)
Kabuverdianu
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Portuguese mal.
Adjective
[edit]mal
Related terms
[edit]Latvian
[edit]Verb
[edit]mal
- inflection of malt:
Lombard
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Akin to Italian male, from Latin malus.
Adjective
[edit]mal
Mangas
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]mal
References
[edit]- Blench, Robert; Bulkaam, Michael (2021) An Introduction to Mantsi, a South Bauchi language of Central Nigeria. University of Cambridge.
Middle English
[edit]Noun
[edit]mal
- Alternative form of male
Adjective
[edit]mal
- Alternative form of male
Middle French
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old French mal.
Noun
[edit]mal m (plural maulx)
Descendants
[edit]Adjective
[edit]mal m (feminine singular male or malle, masculine plural maulx, feminine plural males or malles)
Descendants
[edit]- French: mal
Adverb
[edit]mal
Descendants
[edit]- French: mal
Middle Welsh
[edit]Noun
[edit]mal
Miraya Bikol
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Malay mahal. Compare Bikol Central mahal and Tagalog mahal.
Adjective
[edit]mal
Norman
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old French mal, from Latin male.
Adverb
[edit]mal
Adjective
[edit]mal
Northern Kurdish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Iranian *dmáHnaH.
Noun
[edit]mal f
Norwegian Bokmål
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Noun
[edit]mal m (definite singular malen, indefinite plural maler, definite plural malene)
- a template
Etymology 2
[edit]Verb
[edit]mal
- imperative of male
References
[edit]- “mal” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian Nynorsk
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Noun
[edit]mal m (definite singular malen, indefinite plural malar, definite plural malane)
- a template
Etymology 2
[edit]Verb
[edit]mal
- imperative of mala
References
[edit]- “mal” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old English
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Proto-Germanic *mailą.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]māl n
Declension
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Noun
[edit]māl n
- a suit, legal case, prosecution, defense
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller (1898) “mál”, in An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary[4], 2nd edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Old French
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Adverb
[edit]mal
Descendants
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Noun
[edit]mal oblique singular, m (oblique plural maus or max or mals, nominative singular maus or max or mals, nominative plural mal)
Descendants
[edit]Adjective
[edit]mal m (oblique and nominative feminine singular male, comparative peior, superlative peior)
- bad (undesirable; not good)
Descendants
[edit]Old Galician-Portuguese
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Latin male (“badly; wrongly”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Adverb
[edit]mal
Descendants
[edit]Old Occitan
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Latin malus. Gallo-Romance cognate with Old French mal.
Adjective
[edit]mal
- bad (negative)
- bad (evil)
Descendants
[edit]- Occitan: mal
References
[edit]- Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “malus”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volumes 6/1: Mabile–Mephitis, pages 123–128
Phalura
[edit]Etymology
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]mal f (Perso-Arabic spelling مل)
- goats
Inflection
[edit]i-decl (Obl): -í
References
[edit]- Henrik Liljegren, Naseem Haider (2011) “mal”, in Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)[5], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN
Portuguese
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]
Etymology 1
[edit]From Old Galician-Portuguese mal, from Latin male (“badly; wrongly”).
Alternative forms
[edit]- mar (eye dialect spelling, representing Caipira Portuguese)
Adverb
[edit]mal (comparable, comparative pior)
- badly (in a faulty, dysfunctional or incorrect manner)
- O carro está a funcionar/funcionando bem mal.
- The car is running pretty badly.
- (O) João fala inglês mal.
- John speaks English badly.
- (preceding verbs) hardly; barely
- Ele mal consegue estudar com todo este barulho.
- He can hardly study with all this noise.
- wrong (incorrect)
- A resposta está mal.
- The answer is wrong.
- unfavourably (in an unfavourable manner)
- Penso mal de ti.
- I think unfavourably of you.
- Ele fala mal de ti.
- He speaks unfavourably of you.
- (in compounds) evilly
- mal-assombrado ― haunted (literally, “evilly-shadowed”)
- mal-agourado ― cursed (literally, “evilly-foreboded”)
Quotations
[edit]For quotations using this term, see Citations:mal.
Synonyms
[edit]Conjunction
[edit]mal
- have/had just; have/had barely
- Mal tinha saído quando a encontrei.
- I had barely gone out when I found her.
Quotations
[edit]- For quotations using this term, see Citations:mal.
Etymology 2
[edit]From Latin malus. Compare Italian male, Sicilian mali.
Noun
[edit]mal m (plural males)
- (uncountable) evil (malevolent forces or behaviour)
- As forças do mal cercaram o castelo.
- The forces of evil sieged the castle.
- harm
- Ela não fez por mal.
- She meant no harm.
- Não faz mal.
- No problem. (It does not matter.)
- malady (any ailment or disease, especially a lingering one)
- Males como a SIDA e pneumonia são mortais.
- Illnesses such as AIDS and pneumonia are deadly.
Quotations
[edit]- For quotations using this term, see Citations:mal.
Synonyms
[edit]- (sickness or syndrome): maladia
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Adjective
[edit]mal
Descendants
[edit]Romanian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Cognate to Aromanian mal and meal. From Proto-Albanian *mala (“mountain”) (Standard Albanian mal).[1][2][3][4] See Albanian mal (“mountain”) for more.
Noun
[edit]mal n (plural maluri)
Declension
[edit]singular | plural | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
+ indefinite article | + definite article | + indefinite article | + definite article | ||
nominative/accusative | (un) mal | malul | (niște) maluri | malurile | |
genitive/dative | (unui) mal | malului | (unor) maluri | malurilor | |
vocative | malule | malurilor |
References
[edit]- ^ Ernst Eichler, Gerold Hilty, Heinrich Löffler, Hugo Steger, Ladislav Zgusta (1995) Namenforschung 1. Teilband (Name Studies Volume 1, Les noms propres Tome 1), Walter de Gruyter & Co., Berlin - New York, →ISBN, page 718 → (Chapter: 104. Illyrian-Albanian Toponyms)[3]
- ^ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “mal”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 243 → (“Proto-Albanian *mala was borrowed into Rum. mal ('bank')”)
- ^ Gustav Meyer (1891) Etymologisches Wörterbuch der albanesischen Sprache, Trübner, page 273
- ^ Gustav Meyer (1892) Albanesische Studien III. Lautlehre des indogermanischen Bestandteile des Albanesischen, Carl Gerold's Sohn, pages 63, 78
Serbo-Croatian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Slavic *malъ, from Proto-Indo-European *moh₁los.
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]mȃl (Cyrillic spelling ма̑л, definite mȃlī, comparative mȁnjī)
Declension
[edit]singular | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | mal | mala | malo | |
genitive | mala | male | mala | |
dative | malu | maloj | malu | |
accusative | inanimate animate |
mal mala |
malu | malo |
vocative | mal | mala | malo | |
locative | malu | maloj | malu | |
instrumental | malim | malom | malim | |
plural | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
nominative | mali | male | mala | |
genitive | malih | malih | malih | |
dative | malim(a) | malim(a) | malim(a) | |
accusative | male | male | mala | |
vocative | mali | male | mala | |
locative | malim(a) | malim(a) | malim(a) | |
instrumental | malim(a) | malim(a) | malim(a) |
singular | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | mali | mala | malo | |
genitive | malog(a) | male | malog(a) | |
dative | malom(u/e) | maloj | malom(u/e) | |
accusative | inanimate animate |
mali malog(a) |
malu | malo |
vocative | mali | mala | malo | |
locative | malom(e/u) | maloj | malom(e/u) | |
instrumental | malim | malom | malim | |
plural | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
nominative | mali | male | mala | |
genitive | malih | malih | malih | |
dative | malim(a) | malim(a) | malim(a) | |
accusative | male | male | mala | |
vocative | mali | male | mala | |
locative | malim(a) | malim(a) | malim(a) | |
instrumental | malim(a) | malim(a) | malim(a) |
singular | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | manji | manja | manje | |
genitive | manjeg(a) | manje | manjeg(a) | |
dative | manjem(u) | manjoj | manjem(u) | |
accusative | inanimate animate |
manji manjeg(a) |
manju | manje |
vocative | manji | manja | manje | |
locative | manjem(u) | manjoj | manjem(u) | |
instrumental | manjim | manjom | manjim | |
plural | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
nominative | manji | manje | manja | |
genitive | manjih | manjih | manjih | |
dative | manjim(a) | manjim(a) | manjim(a) | |
accusative | manje | manje | manja | |
vocative | manji | manje | manja | |
locative | manjim(a) | manjim(a) | manjim(a) | |
instrumental | manjim(a) | manjim(a) | manjim(a) |
singular | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | najmanji | najmanja | najmanje | |
genitive | najmanjeg(a) | najmanje | najmanjeg(a) | |
dative | najmanjem(u) | najmanjoj | najmanjem(u) | |
accusative | inanimate animate |
najmanji najmanjeg(a) |
najmanju | najmanje |
vocative | najmanji | najmanja | najmanje | |
locative | najmanjem(u) | najmanjoj | najmanjem(u) | |
instrumental | najmanjim | najmanjom | najmanjim | |
plural | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
nominative | najmanji | najmanje | najmanja | |
genitive | najmanjih | najmanjih | najmanjih | |
dative | najmanjim(a) | najmanjim(a) | najmanjim(a) | |
accusative | najmanje | najmanje | najmanja | |
vocative | najmanji | najmanje | najmanja | |
locative | najmanjim(a) | najmanjim(a) | najmanjim(a) | |
instrumental | najmanjim(a) | najmanjim(a) | najmanjim(a) |
Related terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “mal”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2024
Slovak
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Participle
[edit]mal
Spanish
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Apocopic form of malo, from Latin malus, possibly derived from Proto-Indo-European *(s)mel- (“bad, wrong”).
Adjective
[edit]mal m (apocopate, standard form malo)
- (before the noun) Apocopic form of malo bad; evil
- amiss, awry, off, wrong
- Me di cuenta de que algo estaba mal.
- I realized something was amiss.
Usage notes
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Adverb
[edit]mal (comparative peor)
- badly, poorly, ill
- No hables mal de los muertos.
- Don't speak ill of the dead.
- Qué mal.
- Too bad. / That's too bad.
- awry, amiss, wrong, wrongly
- Tu plan maestro salió mal bastante rápido
- Your master plan went awry pretty quickly.
- hard (functions as an adverb in Spanish but translates as an adjective in English)
- Estoy pasándolo mal con todo ahora mismo.
- I'm just having a hard time with everything right now.
Derived terms
[edit]Noun
[edit]mal m (plural males)
- evil, harm; a bad thing or situation
- de mal en peor ― from bad to worse
- disease, illness, ailment
- ... le curaremos, si es que su mal tiene cura...
- ... we shall cure him, if his ailment has a cure...
- (Cervantes, Quijote, ch. 23)
- worse (substantive)
- para bien o para mal ― for better or for worse
Derived terms
[edit]- a grandes males, grandes remedios
- árbol de la ciencia del bien y del mal
- dar más mal que un hijo tonto
- de mal a mal
- eje del mal
- mal de bubas
- mal de la rosa
- mal de la tierra
- mal de Loanda
- mal de madre
- mal de montaña
- mal de orina
- mal de piedra
- mal de pinto
- mal de san Lázaro
- mal del puerco
- mal francés
- mal necesario
- mal que
- no hay mal que por bien no venga
- perro del mal
Further reading
[edit]- “mal”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.7, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2023 November 28
Swedish
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Old Norse mǫlr, from Proto-Germanic *malwan, from Proto-Indo-European *molH-(y)o-. See also Gothic 𐌼𐌰𐌻𐍉 (malō) and German Milbe.
Noun
[edit]mal c
Declension
[edit]See also
[edit]- fjäril c
- larv c
- nattfjäril c
Etymology 2
[edit]See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb
[edit]mal
- inflection of mala:
References
[edit]- mal in Svensk ordbok (SO)
- mal in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
- mal in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
Anagrams
[edit]Turkish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Ottoman Turkish مال (mal), from Arabic مَال (māl, “property”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]mal (definite accusative malı, plural mallar or (dated) emval)
- cattle
- goods, property
- asset
- (economy) merchandise
- (law) goods, commodity
- (colloquial, derogatory) (no equivalent expression; likely) an expendable or ignorable stupid and annoying person, douche, prick
- (slang, vulgar) a prostitute
- (slang) heroin
Declension
[edit]Inflection | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Nominative | mal | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Definite accusative | malı | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Singular | Plural | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Nominative | mal | mallar | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Definite accusative | malı | malları | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dative | mala | mallara | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Locative | malda | mallarda | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ablative | maldan | mallardan | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Genitive | malın | malların | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- → Albanian: mall
Further reading
[edit]- “mal”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
West Albay Bikol
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Malay mahal. Compare Bikol Central mahal and Tagalog mahal.
Adjective
[edit]mal
Woleaian
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]mal
Zou
[edit]Noun
[edit]mal
References
[edit]- Lukram Himmat Singh (2013) A Descriptive Grammar of Zou, Canchipur: Manipur University, page 45
- Pages with ISBN errors
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- Turkish terms inherited from Ottoman Turkish
- Turkish terms derived from Arabic
- Turkish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Turkish terms with audio pronunciation
- Turkish lemmas
- Turkish nouns
- tr:Law
- Turkish colloquialisms
- Turkish derogatory terms
- Turkish slang
- Turkish vulgarities
- West Albay Bikol terms borrowed from Malay
- West Albay Bikol terms derived from Malay
- West Albay Bikol lemmas
- West Albay Bikol adjectives
- Woleaian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Woleaian lemmas
- Woleaian nouns
- woe:Birds
- Zou lemmas
- Zou nouns
- zom:Limbs