mesti

See also: mestî, mēšti, and мести

Indonesian

Etymology

From Malay mesti (cognate of Javanese ꦩꦼꦱ꧀ꦛꦶ (mesthi)), probably from Old Javanese muṣṭi, from Sanskrit मुष्टि (muṣṭi, “fist, clenched hand”). Doublet of pasti.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [məsˈti]
• Hyphenation: mês‧ti

Adverb

mêsti

1. must

   Synonym: harus

2. sure

   Synonyms: pasti, tentu

Alternative forms

• musti

Derived terms

• kemestian
• memestikan
• semestinya

 

Further reading

• “mesti” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

Italian

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈmɛ.sti/
• Rhymes: -ɛsti
• Hyphenation: mè‧sti

Adjective

mesti

1. masculine plural of mesto

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈme.sti/, /ˈmɛ.sti/
• Rhymes: -esti, -ɛsti
• Hyphenation: mé‧sti, mè‧sti

Verb

mesti

1. inflection of mestare:
   1. second-person singular present indicative
   2. first/second/third-person singular present subjunctive
   3. third-person singular imperative

Anagrams

• miste, stime, tmesi

Kabuverdianu

Etymology

From Portuguese mister.

Verb

mesti

1. must
2. to need

Lithuanian

Etymology 1

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *met-; cognate with Latvian mest (“to throw”), Proto-Slavic *mesti (“to throw; to sweep”) (whence Polish mieść (“to throw; sweep”)), and see the Proto-Slavic for more.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈmʲɛsʲtʲɪ]

Verb

mèsti (third-person present tense mẽta, third-person past tense mẽtė)

1. to throw
2. to drop
3. to give up (a habit, such as smoking)

Conjugation

Conjugation of mesti

		singular (vienaskaita)				plural (daugiskaita)
		1st person (pirmasis asmuo)	2nd person (antrasis asmuo)	3rd person (trečiasis asmuo)		1st person (pirmasis asmuo)	2nd person (antrasis asmuo)	3rd person (trečiasis asmuo)
		aš	tu	jis/ji		mes	jūs	jie/jos
indicative (tiesioginė nuosaka)	present (esamasis laikas)	metù	metì	mẽta		mẽtame, mẽtam	mẽtate, mẽtat	mẽta
	past (būtasis kartinis laikas)	mečiaũ	meteĩ	mẽtė		mẽtėme, mẽtėm	mẽtėte, mẽtėt	mẽtė
	past frequentative (būtasis dažninis laikas)	mèsdavau	mèsdavai	mèsdavo		mèsdavome, mèsdavom	mèsdavote, mèsdavot	mèsdavo
	future (būsimasis laikas)	mèsiu	mèsi	mès		mèsime, mèsim	mèsite, mèsit	mès
subjunctive (tariamoji nuosaka)		mèsčiau	mèstum	mèstų		mèstumėme, mèstumėm, mèstume	mèstumėte, mèstumėt	mèstų
imperative (liepiamoji nuosaka)		—	mèsk, mèski	temẽta		mèskime, mèskim	mèskite, mèskit	temẽta

Participles of mesti

Adjectival (dalyviai)
		active	passive
present		mẽtąs, mẽtantis	mẽtamas
past		mẽtęs	mèstas
past frequentative		mèsdavęs	—
future		mèsiąs, mèsiantis	mèsimas
participle of necessity		—	mèstinas
Adverbial
special (pusdalyvis)		mèsdamas
half-participle (padalyviai)	present	mẽtant
	past	mẽtus
	past frequentative	mèsdavus
	future	mèsiant
manner of action (būdinys)		mestè, mestinai

Synonyms

• (to throw): blokšti, drėbti, sviesti; (iteratively) mėtyti

Derived terms

verbs derived from mesti

with prefixes:

• įmesti
• išmesti
• numesti

nouns derived from mesti

• (verbal noun) metìmas m
• metė́jas m / metė́ja f
• metìkas m / metìkė f

Related terms

(nouns):

• išmatos f pl
• metai m pl

(verb):

• mėtyti

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [mʲɛsʲˈtʲɪ]

Participle

mestì m

1. nominative masculine plural of mẽstas

Anagrams

• semti

Malay

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -i

IPA^(key): [məsti], [mesti]

Adverb

mesti (Jawi spelling مستي)

1. must

Synonyms

• harus

Descendants

• > Indonesian: mesti (inherited)

Further reading

• “mesti” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *mesti.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mêsti/
• Hyphenation: me‧sti

Verb

mȅsti impf (Cyrillic spelling ме̏сти)

1. (transitive, intransitive) to sweep

Conjugation

Conjugation of mesti

Infinitive: mesti		Present verbal adverb: mètūći		Past verbal adverb: —		Verbal noun: mètēnje
Number		Singular			Plural
Person		1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Verbal forms		ja	ti	on / ona / ono	mi	vi	oni / one / ona
Present		metem	meteš	mete	metemo	metete	metu
Future	Future I	mest ću1 mešću	mest ćeš1 mešćeš	mest će1 mešće	mest ćemo1 mešćemo	mest ćete1 mešćete	mest će1 mešće
	Future II	bȕdēm meo2	bȕdēš meo2	bȕdē meo2	bȕdēmo meli2	bȕdēte meli2	bȕdū meli2
Past	Perfect	meo sam2	meo si2	meo je2	meli smo2	meli ste2	meli su2
	Pluperfect3	bȉo sam meo2	bȉo si meo2	bȉo je meo2	bíli smo meli2	bíli ste meli2	bíli su meli2
	Imperfect	metijah / metah	metijaše / metaše	metijaše / metaše	metijasmo / metasmo	metijaste / metaste	metijahu / metahu
Conditional I		meo bih2	meo bi2	meo bi2	meli bismo2	meli biste2	meli bi2
Conditional II4		bȉo bih meo2	bȉo bi meo2	bȉo bi meo2	bíli bismo meli2	bíli biste meli2	bíli bi meli2
Imperative		—	mèti	—	mètimo	mètite	—
Active past participle		meo m / mela f / melo n			meli m / mele f / mela n
Passive past participle		meten m / metena f / meteno n			meteni m / metene f / metena n
1   Croatian spelling: others omit the infinitive suffix completely and bind the clitic. 2   For masculine nouns; a feminine or neuter agent would use the feminine and neuter gender forms of the active past participle and auxiliary verb, respectively. 3   Often replaced by the past perfect in colloquial speech, i.e. the auxiliary verb biti (to be) is routinely dropped. 4   Often replaced by the conditional I in colloquial speech, i.e. the auxiliary verb biti (to be) is routinely dropped.   *Note: The aorist and imperfect were not present in, or have nowadays fallen into disuse in, many dialects and therefore they are routinely replaced by the past perfect in both formal and colloquial speech.

Derived terms

• pòmesti pf
• smȅsti pf
• zàmesti pf

Further reading

• “mesti”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2024

Slovene

Etymology 1

From Proto-Slavic *mesti.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mɛ̀ːsti/

Verb

mésti impf

1. to sweep

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Slavic *męsti.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mèːsti/, /mɛ̀ːsti/

Verb

mẹ́sti or mésti impf

1. to churn (butter)

Inflection

Obstruent + -ti -em (AP b)
infinitive	mẹ́sti, mésti
1st singular	mẹ́dem, mẹ́tem, médem, métem
infinitive	mẹ́sti, mésti			mẹ̑st, mȅst, mȇst
supine	mẹ̑st, mȅst, mȇst
verbal noun	mẹ́denje, mẹ́tenje, medénje, meténje
	participle			converb
present	medọ̄č, metọ̄č			—
past	mẹ̑den, mẹ̑ten, medȅn, metȅn			—
l-participle	masculine		feminine		neuter
singular	mẹ̄dəł, mẹ̄təł		mẹ́dla, mẹ́tla, mēdla, mētla		mẹ́dlo, mẹ́tlo, mēdlo, mētlo
dual	mẹ́dla, mẹ́tla, mēdla, mētla		mẹ́dli, mẹ́tli, mēdli, mētli		mẹ́dli, mẹ́tli, mēdli, mētli
plural	mẹ́dli, mẹ́tli, mēdli, mētli		mẹ́dle, mẹ́tle, mēdle, mētle		mẹ́dla, mẹ́tla, mēdla, mētla
	present			imperative
1st singular	mẹ́dem, mẹ́tem, médem, métem			—
2nd singular	mẹ́deš, mẹ́teš, médeš, méteš			mẹ́di, mẹ́ti, médi, méti
3rd singular	mẹ́de, mẹ́te, méde, méte			—
1st dual	mẹ́deva, mẹ́teva, médeva, méteva			mẹ́diva, mẹ́tiva, medȋva, metȋva
2nd dual	mẹ́deta, mẹ́teta, médeta, méteta			mẹ́dita, mẹ́tita, medȋta, metȋta
3rd dual	mẹ́deta, mẹ́teta, médeta, méteta			—
1st plural	mẹ́demo, mẹ́temo, médemo, métemo			mẹ́dimo, mẹ́timo, medȋmo, metȋmo
2nd plural	mẹ́dete, mẹ́tete, médete, métete			mẹ́dite, mẹ́tite, medȋte, metȋte
3rd plural	mẹ́dejo, mẹ́tejo, médejo, métejo			—

Derived terms

• zmẹ́sti

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

mesti

1. inflection of mesto:
   1. nominative/accusative dual
   2. instrumental plural

Further reading

• “mesti”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
• “mesti”, in Termania, Amebis
• See also the general references