p

See also: P and Appendix:Variations of "p"

p	U+0070, p LATIN SMALL LETTER P

← o
[U+006F]

Basic Latin

q →
[U+0071]

Character variations

ᵖ	U+1D56, ᵖ MODIFIER LETTER SMALL P

← ᵕ
[U+1D55]

Phonetic Extensions

ᵗ →
[U+1D57]

𝆏	U+1D18F, 𝆏 MUSICAL SYMBOL PIANO

← 𝆎
[U+1D18E]

Musical Symbols

𝆐 →
[U+1D190]

ｐ	U+FF50, ｐ FULLWIDTH LATIN SMALL LETTER P

← ｏ
[U+FF4F]

Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms

ｑ →
[U+FF51]

Languages (49)

Translingual • English

Azerbaijani • Basque • Central Mazahua • Demotic • Dutch • Egyptian • Esperanto • Estonian • Faroese • Finnish • French • Fula • Gothic • Hawaiian • Heiltsuk • Hungarian • Icelandic • Ido • Italian • Kankanaey • Kashubian • Kiowa • Latin • Latvian • Livonian • Malay • Maltese • North Frisian • Norwegian • Nupe • Polish • Portuguese • Romani • Romanian • Scottish Gaelic • Serbo-Croatian • Silesian • Skolt Sami • Spanish • Swedish • Tagalog • Turkish • Turkmen • Welsh • Yele • Yoruba • Zulu

Page categories

Translingual

English Wikipedia has an article on:

p

Wikipedia

Letter

p (upper case P)

The sixteenth letter of the basic modern Latin alphabet.

Pronunciation

Pronunciation of IPA [pɑː, ɑppɑː] with the sound [p]: (file)

Symbol

English Wikipedia has an article on:

Voiceless bilabial plosive

Wikipedia

p

(IPA) a voiceless bilabial plosive.
(superscript ⟨ᵖ⟩, IPA) [p]-onset (prestopping / preocclusion / preplosion), [p]-release (e.g. ⟨kᵖ⟩ for [k͡p]), [p]-coloring, or a weak, fleeting or epenthetic [p].
(physics) pressure
(music) piano (play softly)
(chemistry) power of; the negative logarithm of a concentration, as in pH or pOH
(physics) proton

Gallery

Letter styles
Uppercase and lowercase versions of P, in normal and italic type
Uppercase and lowercase P in Fraktur

English

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

(letter name): IPA^(key): /piː/
- Audio (US): (file)
- Rhymes: -iː
(phoneme): IPA^(key): /p/

Letter

p (lower case, upper case P, plural ps or p's)

The sixteenth letter of the English alphabet, called pee and written in the Latin script.

Number

p (lower case, upper case P)

The ordinal number sixteenth, derived from this letter of the English alphabet, called pee and written in the Latin script.

Etymology 2

Abbreviations

Alternative forms

(page, per): p.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /piː/
Audio (US): (file)

Preposition

p

Translations

per

Swedish: / (sv)

Noun

p

Alternative form of p.; Abbreviation of page (plural pp)
(UK) Abbreviation of penny; pence.
- 2001, Steve Webb, Intensity-modulated radiation therapy:
  The 25p stamp shows an ultrasound image, the 35p stamp shows a magnetic resonance image and the 41p stamp shows an X-ray CT image.
(physics) proton
(video compression) Abbreviation of progressive scan.
- 2010, Benny Bing, 3D and HD Broadband Video Networking, page 59:
  HD video may contain 720 or 1080 vertical progressive scan lines (720p or 1080p), 1080 interlaced lines (1080i), and is capable of displaying a 16:9 image and output digital audio.
(New Zealand, slang) Methamphetamine
Abbreviation of piss (“urine”).
I'll slurp all that p.

Translations

page — see p.

Verb

p

(knitting) Abbreviation of purl.
- 1855, Godey's Magazine, volume 51, page 71:
  Knit 3, p 1, k 2, purl 1, k 2, m 1, k 2 together, k 1.

Adverb

p (not comparable)

(Internet) Abbreviation of pretty (as an intensifier)
I'm doing p good, how are you?
- 1995 November 8, Scott Morgan <s_morgandelphi.com>, "Re: F-18 Sim", message-ID <hZMk7Re.s_morgan@delphi.com>, comp.sys.ibm.pc.games.flight-sim, Usenet [1]:
  There is no campaign, just a bunch of canned missions that have no relation to each other (and peole^[sic] think SU27 is p bad!).
(chiefly US, stenoscript) Alternative spelling of p.m. (“post meridiem”) or pm

Derived terms

Azerbaijani

Pronunciation

(phoneme) IPA^(key): /p/

Letter

p lower case (upper case P)

The twenty-third letter of the Azerbaijani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Basque

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /pe/, [pe̞]

Letter

p (lower case, upper case P)

The seventeenth letter of the Basque alphabet, called pe and written in the Latin script.

Central Mazahua

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /p/

Letter

p (upper case P)

A letter of the Mazahua alphabet.

Demotic

Noun

⁠⁠⁠ f

Alternative form of p.t (“sky”)

Dutch

Pronunciation

Audio: (file)
Rhymes: -eː
(letter name): IPA^(key): /peː/

Letter

p (lower case, upper case P)

The sixteenth letter of the Dutch alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Egyptian

Pronunciation

(modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /pɛ/
- Conventional anglicization: pe

Noun

m

mat

Inflection

Declension of p (masculine)

singular	p
dual	pwj
plural	pw

Noun

m

plinth

Inflection

Declension of p (masculine)

singular	p
dual	pwj
plural	pw

Proper noun

m./f. topo.

Pe, a city in Lower Egypt, where the Pharaohs were crowned.

Determiner

m sg proximal demonstrative determiner

(Old Egyptian) Alternative form of pj (“this”)

Inflection

Old Egyptian demonstratives

	determiners						pronouns¹	adverbs
number	singular		dual		plural		unmarked
gender	masculine	feminine	masculine	feminine	masculine	feminine	unmarked
proximal to speaker	pn	tn	*jpnj	jptnj, jptntj	jpn	jptn	nn	—
distal	pf	tf	*jpfj	jptfj, jptftj	jpf	jptf	nf	—
proximal to spoken of	pj, pw, p	tj, tw	jpwj	jptwj, jptwtj	jpw	jptw, jptwt	nw	—
vocative	pꜣ	tꜣ	—	—	—	—	nꜣ	ꜥꜣ
Unmarked for number and gender, but treated syntactically as masculine plurals when used with participles and relative forms, and as feminine singulars when referred to by resumptive pronouns.

Middle Egyptian demonstratives

	determiners and pronouns			adverbs
number	singular		plural¹
gender	masculine	feminine	unmarked
proximal	pn	tn	nn	ꜥn
distal	pf, pfꜣ	tf, tfꜣ	nf, nfꜣ	ꜥf
‘copula’ and vocative	pw, pwy	tw, twy	nw	—
anaphoric	pꜣ	tꜣ	nꜣ	ꜥꜣ
Joined by n(j) to nouns they modify.

Late Egyptian demonstratives and articles

	masculine	feminine	plural	adverb
pronoun	pꜣw			dj
determiners and pronouns	pꜣj	tꜣj	nꜣj
possessive determiners¹	pꜣy	tꜣy	nꜣy
relational pronouns (‘possessive prefixes’)	p-n, pꜣ	t-nt, tꜣ	nꜣyw, nꜣ
definite articles	pꜣ	tꜣ	nꜣ²
indefinite articles	wꜥ²		nhꜣy²
Used with suffix pronouns. Originally joined by n(j) to nouns they modify; later without it.

References

Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN

Esperanto

Pronunciation

(letter name): IPA^(key): /po/
(phoneme): IPA^(key): /p/
Audio: (file)
Homophone (letter name): po

Letter

p (lower case, upper case P)

The twentieth letter of the Esperanto alphabet, called po and written in the Latin script.

Estonian

Estonian Wikipedia has an article on:

p

Wikipedia ^et

Pronunciation

Letter name: IPA^(key): /ˈpeː/

Letter

p (lower case, upper case P)

The sixteenth letter of the Estonian alphabet, called pee and written in the Latin script.

Faroese

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /pʰ/

Letter

p (upper case P)

The nineteenth letter of the Faroese alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Finnish

Etymology

The Finnish orthography using the Latin script was based on those of Swedish, German and Latin, and was first used in the mid-16th century. No earlier script is known. See the Wikipedia article on Finnish for more information, and p for information on the development of the glyph itself.

Pronunciation

Audio; “pee, pappi, ripaus, pee”: (file)

Letter

p (lower case, upper case P)

The sixteenth letter of the Finnish alphabet, called pee and written in the Latin script.

Noun

p

Abbreviation of penni. (Finnish penny, no longer used)

French

Pronunciation

(letter name) IPA^(key): /pe/

Letter

p (lower case, upper case P)

The fifteenth letter of the French alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Fula

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /p/

Letter

p (lower case, upper case P)

A letter of the Fula alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Usage notes

Common to all varieties of Fula (Fulfulde / Pulaar / Pular).

Gothic

Romanization

p

Romanization of 𐍀

Hawaiian

Alternative forms

(letter name) pī

Pronunciation

(letter name) IPA^(key): /ˈpiː/
(phoneme) /p/

Letter

p

The eleventh letter of the Hawaiian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Heiltsuk

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /pʰ/

Letter

p (upper case P)

A letter of the Heiltsuk alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Hungarian

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

(phoneme): IPA^(key): [ˈp]
(letter name): IPA^(key): [ˈpeː]

Letter

p (lower case, upper case P)

The twenty-eighth letter of the Hungarian alphabet, called pé and written in the Latin script.

Declension

Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, front unrounded harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	p	p-k
accusative	p-t	p-ket
dative	p-nek	p-knek
instrumental	p-vel	p-kkel
causal-final	p-ért	p-kért
translative	p-vé	p-kké
terminative	p-ig	p-kig
essive-formal	p-ként	p-kként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	p-ben	p-kben
superessive	p-n	p-ken
adessive	p-nél	p-knél
illative	p-be	p-kbe
sublative	p-re	p-kre
allative	p-hez	p-khez
elative	p-ből	p-kből
delative	p-ről	p-kről
ablative	p-től	p-ktől
non-attributive possessive - singular	p-é	p-ké
non-attributive possessive - plural	p-éi	p-kéi

Possessive forms of p
possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	p-m	p-im
2nd person sing.	p-d	p-id
3rd person sing.	p-je	p-i
1st person plural	p-nk	p-ink
2nd person plural	p-tek	p-itek
3rd person plural	p-jük	p-ik

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈpɛrt͡s]

Noun

p (plural p-ek)

Abbreviation of perc (“minute[s]”).
Coordinate terms: ó, mp

Declension

Inflection (stem in -e-, front unrounded harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	p	p-ek
accusative	p-et	p-eket
dative	p-nek	p-eknek
instrumental	p-cel	p-ekkel
causal-final	p-ért	p-ekért
translative	p-cé	p-ekké
terminative	p-ig	p-ekig
essive-formal	p-ként	p-ekként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	p-ben	p-ekben
superessive	p-en	p-eken
adessive	p-nél	p-eknél
illative	p-be	p-ekbe
sublative	p-re	p-ekre
allative	p-hez	p-ekhez
elative	p-ből	p-ekből
delative	p-ről	p-ekről
ablative	p-től	p-ektől
non-attributive possessive - singular	p-é	p-eké
non-attributive possessive - plural	p-éi	p-ekéi

Possessive forms of p
possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	p-em	p-eim
2nd person sing.	p-ed	p-eid
3rd person sing.	p-e	p-ei
1st person plural	p-ünk	p-eink
2nd person plural	p-etek	p-eitek
3rd person plural	p-ük	p-eik

Icelandic

Pronunciation

(letter name) IPA^(key): /pʰjɛː/

Letter

p (upper case P)

The twentieth letter of the Icelandic alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Ido

Pronunciation

(context pronunciation) IPA^(key): /p/
(letter name) IPA^(key): /pe/

Letter

p (upper case P)

The sixteenth letter of the Ido alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Italian

Letter

p f or m (invariable, lower case, upper case P)

The fourteenth letter of the Italian alphabet, called pi and written in the Latin script.

Kankanaey

Etymology

Borrowed from Tagalog p. Letter pronunciation is influenced by English p.

Pronunciation

(letter name) IPA^(key): /pi/ [pi̞]
- Rhymes: -i
(phoneme) IPA^(key): /p/ [p̚]

Letter

p (lower case, upper case P)

The eighteenth letter of the Kankanaey alphabet, called pi and written in the Latin script.

References

Komisyon ng Wikang Filipino (2016) Ortograpiya di Kankanaëy‎^[2] (in Kankanaey and Tagalog), →ISBN, pages 10-11

Kashubian

Etymology

The Kashubian orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the Kashubian alphabet article on Wikipedia for more, and p for development of the glyph itself.

Letter

p (lower case, upper case P)

The twenty-fourth letter of the Kashubian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Kiowa

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /pʰ/

Letter

p (upper case P)

A letter of the Kiowa alphabet.

Latin

Letter

p

The letter of the Latin alphabet, written in the Latin script.

References

p in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
“p”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers

Latvian

Latvian Wikipedia has an article on:

p

Wikipedia ^lv

Etymology

Proposed in 1908 as part of the new Latvian spelling by the scientific commission headed by K. Mīlenbahs, which was accepted and began to be taught in schools in 1909. Prior to that, Latvian had been written in German Fraktur, and sporadically in Cyrillic.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [p]

This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.

Letter

p (lower case, upper case P)

The twenty-fourth letter of the Latvian alphabet, called pē and written in the Latin script.

Livonian

Pronunciation

(phoneme) IPA^(key): /p/

Letter

p (upper case P)

The twenty-eighth letter of the Livonian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Malay

Letter

p (lower case, upper case P)

The sixteenth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Maltese

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /p/
IPA^(key): /b/ (by assimilation to a following voiced obstruent)
With very few exceptions, this letter occurs only in borrowings.

Letter

p (lower case, upper case P)

The twentieth letter of the Maltese alphabet, written in the Latin script.

North Frisian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [pʰ~p] (generally)
IPA^(key): [b̥] (Sylt, when intervocalic in an unstressed syllable, merges with ⟨b⟩)

Letter

p (lower case, upper case P)

A letter of the North Frisian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Norwegian

Pronunciation

(letter name): IPA^(key): /peː/
(phoneme): IPA^(key): /p/
Audio: (file)

Letter

p

The sixteenth letter of the Norwegian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Nupe

Pronunciation

(phoneme): IPA^(key): /p/

Letter

p (lower case, upper case P)

The nineteenth letter of the Nupe alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Polish

Etymology

The Polish orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the history of Polish orthography article on Wikipedia for more, and p for development of the glyph itself.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈpɛ/

Letter

p (upper case P, lower case)

The twenty-second letter of the Polish alphabet, called pe and written in the Latin script.

Portuguese

Letter

p (lower case, upper case P)

The sixteenth letter of the Portuguese alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Romani

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /p/

Letter

p (lower case, upper case P)

(International Standard) The twentieth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.
(Pan-Vlax) The twenty-first letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Romanian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /p/

Letter

p (lower case, upper case P)

The nineteenth letter of the Romanian alphabet, called pe or pî and written in the Latin script.

Scottish Gaelic

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /pʰ/

Letter

p (lower case, upper case P)

The fourteenth letter of the Scottish Gaelic alphabet, written in the Latin script. It is preceded by o and followed by r. Its traditional name is beith bhog (“soft birch”).

Serbo-Croatian

Alternative forms

P (uppercase)

Pronunciation

(phoneme) IPA^(key): /p/

Letter

p (Cyrillic spelling п)

The 22nd letter of the Serbo-Croatian Latin alphabet (gajica), preceded by o and followed by r.

Silesian

Etymology

The Silesian orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the Silesian language article on Wikipedia for more, and p for development of the glyph itself.

Letter

p (lower case, upper case P)

The twenty-fourth letter of the Silesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Skolt Sami

Pronunciation

(phoneme) IPA^(key): /p/

Letter

p (upper case P)

The twenty-sixth letter of the Skolt Sami alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Spanish

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): (phoneme) /p/
IPA^(key): (letter name) /ˈpe/ [ˈpe]
- Audio (Spain): (file)
- Rhymes: -e

Letter

p (lower case, upper case P)

The seventeenth letter of the Spanish alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Swedish

Letter

p (lower case, upper case P)

The sixteenth letter of the Swedish alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Tagalog

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Spanish p. Each pronunciation has a different source:

Filipino alphabet pronunciation is influenced by English p.
Abakada alphabet pronunciation is influenced by Baybayin character ᜉ (pa).
Abecedario pronunciation is from Spanish p.

Pronunciation

(Standard Tagalog)
- IPA^(key): /ˈpi/ [ˈpi] (letter name, Filipino alphabet)
  - Rhymes: -i
- IPA^(key): /ˈpa/ [ˈpa] (letter name, Abakada alphabet)
  - Rhymes: -a
- IPA^(key): /ˈpe/ [ˈpɛ] (letter name, Abecedario)
  - Rhymes: -e
- IPA^(key): /p/ [p] (phoneme)

Letter

p (lower case, upper case P, Baybayin spelling ᜉᜒ)

The eighteenth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Filipino alphabet), called pi and written in the Latin script.
(historical) The nineteenth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Abecedario), called pe and written in the Latin script.

Letter

p (lower case, upper case P, Baybayin spelling ᜉ)

The fourteenth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Abakada alphabet), called pa and written in the Latin script.

Etymology 2

From the Abakada alphabet letter p being pronounced as pa.

Pronunciation

(Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /pa/ [pɐ]
Rhymes: -a

Adverb

p (Baybayin spelling ᜉ) (Internet slang, text messaging)

Abbreviation of pa: yet; still
d2 s daan p
Still here at the road.

Turkish

Letter

p (lower case, upper case P)

The twentieth letter of the Turkish alphabet, called pe and written in the Latin script.

Turkmen

Pronunciation

(phoneme) IPA^(key): /p/

Letter

p (upper case P)

The twentieth letter of the Turkmen alphabet, called pe and written in the Latin script.

Welsh

Pronunciation

(standard) IPA^(key): /piː/
- (informal) IPA^(key): /pə/

Letter

p (lower case, upper case P)

The twentieth letter of the Welsh alphabet, called pi and written in the Latin script. It is preceded by o and followed by ph.

Mutation

p at the beginning of words mutates to b in a soft mutation, to mh in a nasal mutation and to ph in an aspirate mutation, for example with the word prawf (“test”):

Welsh mutation
radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
prawf	brawf	mhrawf	phrawf
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Yele

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /p/

Letter

p (upper case P)

A letter of the Yele alphabet.

Derived terms

There are digraphs for palatalized ⟨py⟩, labialized ⟨pw⟩, and labio-palatalized ⟨pyw⟩.

Yoruba

Pronunciation

(phoneme): IPA^(key): /k͡p/
(letter name): IPA^(key): /k͡pí/

Letter

p (lower case, upper case P)

The eighteenth letter of the Yoruba alphabet, called pí and written in the Latin script.

Zulu

Letter

p (lower case, upper case P)

The sixteenth letter of the Zulu alphabet, written in the Latin script.