ros

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See also: Appendix:Variations of "ros"

Catalan

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Etymology 1

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Inherited from Old Catalan ros, from Latin russus, derived from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ-. Compare Occitan ros, French roux, Spanish rojo.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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ros (feminine rossa, masculine plural rossos, feminine plural rosses)

  1. blond
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Inherited from Latin rōs, used as a neuter. Compare the form rou.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ros m (plural rosos)

  1. (dialectal, Valencia, archaic) dew
    Synonyms: rosada, rou
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Etymology 3

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Named after general Ros Olano.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ros m (plural rossos)

  1. a particular type of military cap, introduced by General Ros de Olano in the Spanish Army in the XIX century.

Etymology 4

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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ros

  1. plural of ro (“rho (Greek letter)”)

References

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Cornish

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Proto-Brythonic *rrod, from Proto-Celtic *rotos, from Proto-Indo-European *Hróth₂os.

Noun

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ros f (plural rosow)

  1. wheel

Etymology 2

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From Proto-Brythonic *rros, from Proto-Celtic *ɸrostos.

Noun

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ros f (plural rosyow)

  1. heathland

Etymology 3

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Noun

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ros f (singulative rosen)

  1. roses

Dalmatian

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Etymology

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From Latin russus, derived from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ-. Compare Occitan ros, French roux, Friulian ros.

Adjective

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ros

  1. red

Danish

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Verb

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ros

  1. imperative of rose

Dutch

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Middle Dutch ros, from Old Dutch ros, hors, from Proto-West Germanic *hross, from Proto-Germanic *hrussą (“horse”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱers- (“to run”). Doublet of kar.

Alternative forms

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Noun

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ros n (plural rossen, diminutive rosje n)

  1. horse
    Synonym: paard
  2. steed
Derived terms
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Descendants
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  • Afrikaans: ros
  • ⇒ Dutch: rossen (“to groom (a horse)”, verb)
    • → West Frisian: rosse (verb)

Etymology 2

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Adjective

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ros (comparative rosser, superlative meest ros or rost)

  1. of an impure red color; reddish
    de rosse buurt
    the red-light district
  2. ginger, red-haired
Declension
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Declension of ros
uninflected ros
inflected rosse
comparative rosser
positive comparative superlative
predicative/adverbial ros rosser het rost
het roste
indefinite m./f. sing. rosse rossere roste
n. sing. ros rosser roste
plural rosse rossere roste
definite rosse rossere roste
partitive ros rossers —
Derived terms
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Franco-Provençal

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Etymology

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From Latin russus.

Adjective

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ros (feminine rossa, masculine plural ros, feminine plural rosses) (ORB, broad)

  1. red
    Synonym: rojo

Derived terms

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References

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  • ros in Lo trèsor Arpitan – on arpitan.eu

Friulian

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Etymology

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From Latin russus.

Adjective

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ros

  1. red

Derived terms

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Irish

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Old Irish ros (“linseed”).[1]

Noun

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ros m (genitive singular rois)

  1. linseed, flaxseed
    Synonym: ros lín
Declension
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Declension of ros (first declension, no plural)
bare forms
case singular
nominative ros
vocative a rois
genitive rois
dative ros
forms with the definite article
case singular
nominative an ros
genitive an rois
dative leis an ros
don ros
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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From Old Irish ros (“wood, promontory”),[2] from Proto-Celtic *ɸrostos, from Proto-Indo-European *pro- (“before”) + *steh₂- (“to stand”).

Noun

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ros m (genitive singular rosa, nominative plural rosa)

  1. wood, wooded headland
    Synonym: coill
  2. (geography) headland, promontory
    Synonyms: rinn, scoth, léim
Declension
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Declension of ros (third declension)
bare forms
case singular plural
nominative ros rosa
vocative a ros a rosa
genitive rosa ros
dative ros rosa
forms with the definite article
case singular plural
nominative an ros na rosa
genitive an rosa na ros
dative leis an ros
don ros 		leis na rosa
Derived terms
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Mutation

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Mutated forms of ros
radical lenition eclipsis
ros not applicable not applicable

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

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  1. ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “2 ros (‘linseed, flaxseed’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
  2. ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 ros (‘wood, headland’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Further reading

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Latin

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Etymology

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From Proto-Indo-European *h₁roseh₂ (“dew”), itself possibly a derivative of *h₁ers- (“to flow”). Cognate with Sanskrit रसा (rásā, “moisture, humidity”), Ancient Greek ἐξεράω (exeráō, “pour out”), Lithuanian rasà (“dew”), Serbo-Croatian rosa／роса (“dew”).[1]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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rōs m (genitive rōris); third declension

  1. dew
  2. moisture
  3. rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus, syn. Rosmarinus officinalis)
    • 690–750, Excerpta ex libro glossarum published in the Corpus glossariorum latinorum V page 179, 6
      Citisum genus arboris quasi catanum erba odoribera uergilius et uix humiles apibus casias rorem que
      Cytisus is a kind of tree like juniper a sweet-smelling herb, greener and hardly serving the bees in comparison to furzes and rosemary.

Declension

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Third-declension noun.

singular plural
nominative rōs rōrēs
genitive rōris rōrum
dative rōrī rōribus
accusative rōrem rōrēs
ablative rōre rōribus
vocative rōs rōrēs

Derived terms

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Descendants

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References

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  1. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 526-7

Lower Sorbian

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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ros

  1. second-person singular imperative of rosć

Mauritian Creole

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Etymology

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From French roche.

Noun

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ros

  1. rock, stone

References

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  • Baker, Philip & Hookoomsing, Vinesh Y. 1987. Dictionnaire de créole mauricien. Morisyen – English – Français

Middle English

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Etymology 1

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Noun

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ros

  1. plural of ro (“roe deer”)

Etymology 2

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Verb

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ros

  1. Alternative form of rosen (“to boast”)

Mokilese

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Etymology

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From Proto-Oceanic *rodrom (“dark, cloudy”), from Proto-Austronesian *demdem (“gloom, darkness”)

Noun

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ros

  1. darkness

Derived terms

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References

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Norwegian Bokmål

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Verb

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ros

  1. passive form of ro

Norwegian Nynorsk

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Etymology 1

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From the verb rosa (“to praise”), from Old Norse hrósa. Prior to the spelling reform of 1959, this noun was considered grammatically feminine or neuter. The revision made non-standard the definite singular forms rosa, rosi, and roset.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ros m (definite singular rosen, uncountable)

  2. praise
    • 1875, Elias Blix, “Med Jesus”, in Nokre Salmar [Some hymns], 3rd edition, page 25:
      Det er mi høgste Æra, // det er mi største Ros // hans Fylgjesvein at vera // og vandra i hans Ljos.
      It is my highest honour, // it is my highest praise: // to be a His disciple // and wander in His light.
    • 1992, Arne Ruset, Den svarte kista, pages 85–86:
      Sophies Minde vart flau av all rosen, og gav noko nebbete uttrykk for at no heldt det lenge.
      Sophies Minde got embarrassed by all the praise, and expressed somewhat snarkily that this would be enough for a good while.

Verb

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ros

  1. imperative of rosa

Etymology 2

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From Old Norse rǫs, plural of ras n, whence also the more common doublet of ras.

Alternative forms

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  • ròs (alternative spelling)

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ros f (definite singular rosa, indefinite plural roser, definite plural rosene)

  2. an avalanche, a landslide, a slip
    Synonym: skred
  3. cavity left in place of the masses displaced by such an avalanche, landslide or other
  5. a scratch in the skin

Etymology 3

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mann med ros i andletet

After German Rose, from Old High German rōsa, from Latin rosa. Doublet of rose.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ros f (definite singular rosa, uncountable)

  2. (pathology) erysipelas
    Synonym: (more common) rosen

References

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Occitan

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Etymology

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From Old Occitan ros, from Latin russus, derived from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ-.

Pronunciation

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  • Audio:(file)

Adjective

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ros m (feminine singular rossa, masculine plural rosses, feminine plural rossas)

  1. russet

References

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Old Irish

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Proto-Celtic *ɸrostos, from Proto-Indo-European *pro- (“before”) + *steh₂- (“to stand”). The same construction as Sanskrit प्रस्थ (prastha, “plateau”), but probably coined separately in the two languages.[1]

Noun

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ros m (genitive ruis, nominative plural ruis)

  1. A promontory.
  2. A wood.
    • c. 900, Sanas Cormaic, from the Yellow Book of Lecan, Corm. Y 1079
      ross .i. trēde fordingair .i. ros fidbuide, […]
      wood, that is, a triad of meanings, that is, a wood of yellow trees, […]
Inflection
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Masculine o-stem
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative ros rosL ruisL
Vocative ruis rosL rusuH
Accusative rosN rosL rusuH
Genitive ruisL ros rosN
Dative rusL rosaib rosaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
  • H = triggers aspiration
  • L = triggers lenition
  • N = triggers nasalization
Descendants
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  • Irish: ros (“wood”)
  • Scottish Gaelic: ros (“promontory”)

Etymology 2

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Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥so-, which is most likely a borrowing from a non-Indo-European language. See also Latin porrum (“leek”), English furze, and possibly Ancient Greek πράσον (práson, “leek”).[2]

Noun

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ros m (genitive ruis, nominative plural ruis)

  1. A linseed.
    • c. 900, Sanas Cormaic, from the Yellow Book of Lecan, Corm. Y 1079
      ros līn
      linseed
  2. A flax - or other small seed.
Inflection
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Masculine o-stem
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative ros rosL ruisL
Vocative ruis rosL rusuH
Accusative rosN rosL rusuH
Genitive ruisL ros rosN
Dative rusL rosaib rosaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
  • H = triggers aspiration
  • L = triggers lenition
  • N = triggers nasalization
Descendants
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  • Irish: ros (“linseed”)
  • Scottish Gaelic: ros (“linseed”)

Mutation

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Mutation of ros
radical lenition nasalization
ros
also rros after a proclitic
ending in a vowel 		ros
pronounced with /r(ʲ)-/ 		unchanged

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

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References

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  1. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 142
  2. ^ MacBain, Alexander, Mackay, Eneas (1911) “ros”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language‎[1], Stirling, →ISBN, page ros

Romanian

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Etymology

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Inherited from Latin rōsus.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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ros (past participle of roade)

  1. past participle of roade

Adjective

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ros m or n (feminine singular roasă, masculine plural roși, feminine and neuter plural roase)

  1. gnawed, eaten away at
  2. eroded, consumed
  3. (of clothes) careworn, threadbare, shabby, seedy, frayed

Declension

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singular plural
masculine neuter feminine masculine neuter feminine
nominative/
accusative 		indefinite ros roasă roși roase
definite rosul roasa roșii roasele
genitive/
dative 		indefinite ros roase roși roase
definite rosului roasei roșilor roaselor
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Scottish Gaelic

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Etymology 1

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From Old Irish ros (“linseed”).

Noun

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ros m (genitive singular rois, plural rosan)

  1. linseed, flax seed

Etymology 2

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From Old Irish ros (“wood, promontory”), from Proto-Celtic *ɸrostos, from Proto-Indo-European *pro- (“before”) + *steh₂- (“to stand”).

Noun

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ros m (genitive singular rois, plural rosan)

  1. promontory, peninsula, isthmus

References

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Seychellois Creole

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Etymology

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From French roche.

Noun

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ros

  1. rock, stone

References

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  • Danielle D’Offay et Guy Lionnet, Diksyonner Kreol - Franse / Dictionnaire Créole Seychellois - Français

Spanish

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈros/ [ˈros]
  • Rhymes: -os
  • Syllabification: ros

Etymology 1

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Named after Antonio Ros de Olano (1808–1886), a Spanish general who introduced the hat into the Spanish army

Noun

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ros m (plural roses)

  1. a type of military hat, similar to a shako

Etymology 2

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Noun

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ros m pl

  1. plural of ro

Further reading

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Sranan Tongo

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Dutch rossen.

Verb

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ros

  1. to beat up, to give a beating

Swedish

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Old Swedish ros‚ from Middle Low German rose, from Latin rosa.

Noun

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ros c

  1. a rose; a flower, a shrub, also as heraldic charge
    • 1963, Arne Qvick (lyrics and music), “Rosen [The rose]”‎[4]:
      Ty just nu idag, så köpte jag, en liten ros i en blomsteraffär. En ros röd som blod, så att du förstod, att det är dig som jag håller kär.
      For just now today, I bought, a small rose in a flower shop. A rose red as blood, so that you understood, that it is you that I hold dear.
  2. praise, acclaim
    Antonym: ris
    Spelet har fått mycket ros av kritikerna
    The game has received much critical acclaim
    ris och ros
    praise and criticism (idiomatic – also the name of a readers' section in some newspapers (for commending or criticizing))
Declension
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Declension of ros
nominative genitive
singular indefinite ros ros
definite rosen rosens
plural indefinite rosor rosors
definite rosorna rosornas
Derived terms
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Descendants
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Etymology 2

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Noun

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ros

  1. indefinite genitive singular of ro

Etymology 3

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Verb

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ros

  1. passive infinitive of ro
  2. present passive of ro

References

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Anagrams

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Tok Pisin

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Etymology

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From German Rost.

Noun

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ros

  1. rust

Zoogocho Zapotec

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Etymology 1

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Borrowed from Spanish arroz, from Andalusian Arabic الرَّوْز (ar-rawz), from Arabic أَرُزّ (ʔaruzz, “rice”), from Ancient Greek ὄρυζᾰ (óruza).

Noun

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ros

  1. rice

Etymology 2

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Borrowed from Spanish rosa, from Latin rosa.

Noun

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ros

  1. rose
Derived terms
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References

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  • Long C., Rebecca, Cruz M., Sofronio (2000) Diccionario zapoteco de San Bartolomé Zoogocho, Oaxaca (Serie de vocabularios y diccionarios indígenas “Mariano Silva y Aceves”; 38)‎[5] (in Spanish), second electronic edition, Coyoacán, D.F.: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, A.C., page 270
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