ros

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ros"

Catalan

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Catalan ros, from Latin russus, derived from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ-. Compare Occitan ros, French roux, Spanish rojo.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈros]

Adjective

ros (feminine rossa, masculine plural rossos, feminine plural rosses)

1. blond

Derived terms

• enrossir

Etymology 2

Inherited from Latin rōs, used as a neuter. Compare the form rou.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈrɔs]

Noun

ros m (plural rosos)

1. (dialectal, Valencia, archaic) dew

   Synonyms: rosada, rou

Related terms

• rosar

Etymology 3

Named after general Ros Olano.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈros]

Noun

ros m (plural rossos)

1. a particular type of military cap, introduced by General Ros de Olano in the Spanish Army in the XIX century.

Etymology 4

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈros]

Noun

ros

1. plural of ro (“rho (Greek letter)”)

References

• “ros” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “ros”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
• “ros” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “ros” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Cornish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɹoːz/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Brythonic *rrod, from Proto-Celtic *rotos, from Proto-Indo-European *Hróth₂os.

Noun

ros f (plural rosow)

1. wheel

Etymology 2

From Proto-Brythonic *rros, from Proto-Celtic *ɸrostos.

Noun

ros f (plural rosyow)

1. heathland

Etymology 3

Noun

ros f (singulative rosen)

1. roses

Dalmatian

Etymology

From Latin russus, derived from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ-. Compare Occitan ros, French roux, Friulian ros.

Adjective

ros

1. red

Danish

Verb

ros

1. imperative of rose

Dutch

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /rɔs/
• Hyphenation: ros
• Rhymes: -ɔs

Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch ros, from Old Dutch ros, hors, from Proto-West Germanic *hross, from Proto-Germanic *hrussą (“horse”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱers- (“to run”). Doublet of kar.

Alternative forms

• hors (dialectal)

Noun

ros n (plural rossen, diminutive rosje n)

1. horse

   Synonym: paard

2. steed

Derived terms

• roskam
• stalen ros
• strijdros

Descendants

• Afrikaans: ros
• ⇒ Dutch: rossen (“to groom (a horse)”, verb)
  • → West Frisian: rosse (verb)

Etymology 2

Adjective

ros (comparative rosser, superlative meest ros or rost)

1. of an impure red color; reddish

   de rosse buurt

   the red-light district

2. ginger, red-haired

Declension

Declension of ros
uninflected	ros
inflected	rosse
comparative	rosser
		positive	comparative	superlative
predicative/adverbial		ros	rosser	het rost het roste
indefinite	m./f. sing.	rosse	rossere	roste
	n. sing.	ros	rosser	roste
	plural	rosse	rossere	roste
definite		rosse	rossere	roste
partitive		ros	rossers	—

Derived terms

• rosse (noun)
• rosse buurt
• rosse franjepoot
• rosse grutto
• rosse kolibrie
• rosse stekelstaart
• rossig

Franco-Provençal

Etymology

From Latin russus.

Adjective

ros (feminine rossa, masculine plural ros, feminine plural rosses) (ORB, broad)

1. red

   Synonym: rojo

Derived terms

• rosseyér

References

• ros in Lo trèsor Arpitan – on arpitan.eu

Friulian

Etymology

From Latin russus.

Adjective

ros

1. red

Derived terms

• inrossâ
• rossit

Irish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɾˠɔsˠ/

Etymology 1

From Old Irish ros (“linseed”).

Noun

ros m (genitive singular rois)

1. linseed, flaxseed

   Synonym: ros lín

Declension

Declension of ros (first declension, no plural)

bare forms case singular nominative ros vocative a rois genitive rois dative ros forms with the definite article case singular nominative an ros genitive an rois dative leis an ros don ros

Derived terms

• ros cnáibe
• ros copóige
• ros gafainne
• ros lachan
• ros moinge mire
• ros neanta
• ros uisce

 

Etymology 2

From Old Irish ros (“wood, promontory”), from Proto-Celtic *ɸrostos, from Proto-Indo-European *pro- (“before”) + *steh₂- (“to stand”).

Noun

ros m (genitive singular rosa, nominative plural rosa)

1. wood, wooded headland

   Synonym: coill

2. (geography) headland, promontory

   Synonyms: rinn, scoth, léim

Declension

Declension of ros (third declension)

bare forms case singular plural nominative ros rosa vocative a ros a rosa genitive rosa ros dative ros rosa forms with the definite article case singular plural nominative an ros na rosa genitive an rosa na ros dative leis an ros don ros leis na rosa

Derived terms

• Ros Comáin
• na Rosa
• rosach
• rosán

Mutation

Mutated forms of ros

radical	lenition	eclipsis
ros	not applicable	not applicable

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “ros”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “ros”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
• “ros”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2024

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁roseh₂ (“dew”), itself possibly a derivative of *h₁ers- (“to flow”). Cognate with Sanskrit रसा (rásā, “moisture, humidity”), Ancient Greek ἐξεράω (exeráō, “pour out”), Lithuanian rasà (“dew”), Serbo-Croatian rosa／роса (“dew”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /roːs/, [roːs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ros/, [rɔs]

Noun

rōs m (genitive rōris); third declension

1. dew
2. moisture
3. rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus, syn. Rosmarinus officinalis)
   • 690–750, Excerpta ex libro glossarum published in the Corpus glossariorum latinorum V page 179, 6

     Citisum genus arboris quasi catanum erba odoribera uergilius et uix humiles apibus casias rorem que

     Cytisus is a kind of tree like juniper a sweet-smelling herb, greener and hardly serving the bees in comparison to furzes and rosemary.

Declension

Third-declension noun.

	singular	plural
nominative	rōs	rōrēs
genitive	rōris	rōrum
dative	rōrī	rōribus
accusative	rōrem	rōrēs
ablative	rōre	rōribus
vocative	rōs	rōrēs

Derived terms

• rōrātiō
• rōrifer
• rōrō
• rōrulentus
• rōscidus

Descendants

• Balkan Romance:
  • Aromanian: aroauã
  • Romanian: rouă
• Gallo-Romance:
  • Catalan: ros
    • → Sardinian: arròsu
  • Occitan: ròs, arròs
• Vulgar Latin:
  • ⇒ *rōsāta (see there for further descendants)
• Borrowings:
  • → English: rore ⇒ rory
  • → Middle French: rore
    • ⇒ French: rorique
  • Esperanto: roso

References

• “ros”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ros”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• ros in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “rōs”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume 10: R, page 473

Lower Sorbian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /rɔs/

Verb

ros

1. second-person singular imperative of rosć

Mauritian Creole

Etymology

From French roche.

Noun

ros

1. rock, stone

References

• Baker, Philip & Hookoomsing, Vinesh Y. 1987. Dictionnaire de créole mauricien. Morisyen – English – Français

Middle English

Etymology 1

Noun

ros

1. plural of ro (“roe deer”)

Etymology 2

Verb

ros

1. Alternative form of rosen (“to boast”)

Mokilese

Etymology

From Proto-Oceanic *rodrom (“dark, cloudy”), from Proto-Austronesian *demdem (“gloom, darkness”)

Noun

ros

1. darkness

Derived terms

• karosi

References

• Harrison, Sheldon P., Mokilese-English Dictionary, University of Hawaii Press 1977

External links

• Blust's Austronesian Comparative Dictionary – *demdem

Norwegian Bokmål

Verb

ros

1. passive form of ro

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology 1

From the verb rosa (“to praise”), from Old Norse hrósa. Prior to the spelling reform of 1959, this noun was considered grammatically feminine or neuter. The revision made non-standard the definite singular forms rosa, rosi, and roset.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ruːs/

Noun

ros m (definite singular rosen, uncountable)

2. praise
   • 1875, Elias Blix, “Med Jesus”, in Nokre Salmar [Some hymns], 3rd edition, page 25:

     Det er mi høgste Æra, // det er mi største Ros // hans Fylgjesvein at vera // og vandra i hans Ljos.

     It is my highest honour, // it is my highest praise: // to be a His disciple // and wander in His light.

   • 1992, Arne Ruset, Den svarte kista, pages 85–86:

     Sophies Minde vart flau av all rosen, og gav noko nebbete uttrykk for at no heldt det lenge.

     Sophies Minde got embarrassed by all the praise, and expressed somewhat snarkily that this would be enough for a good while.

Verb

ros

1. imperative of rosa

Etymology 2

From Old Norse rǫs, plural of ras n, whence also the more common doublet of ras.

Alternative forms

• ròs (alternative spelling)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /roːs/

Noun

ros f (definite singular rosa, indefinite plural roser, definite plural rosene)

2. an avalanche, a landslide, a slip

   Synonym: skred

3. cavity left in place of the masses displaced by such an avalanche, landslide or other
5. a scratch in the skin

Etymology 3

mann med ros i andletet

After German Rose, from Old High German rōsa, from Latin rosa. Doublet of rose.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ruːs/

Noun

ros f (definite singular rosa, uncountable)

2. (pathology) erysipelas

   Synonym: (more common) rosen

References

• “ros” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Occitan

Etymology

From Old Occitan ros, from Latin russus, derived from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ-.

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Adjective

ros m (feminine singular rossa, masculine plural rosses, feminine plural rossas)

1. russet

References

• Diccionari General de la Lenga Occitana, L’Academia occitana – Consistòri del Gai Saber, 2008-2024, page 584.

Old Irish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /r͈os/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Celtic *ɸrostos, from Proto-Indo-European *pro- (“before”) + *steh₂- (“to stand”). The same construction as Sanskrit प्रस्थ (prastha, “plateau”), but probably coined separately in the two languages.

Noun

ros m (genitive ruis, nominative plural ruis)

1. A promontory.
2. A wood.
   • c. 900, Sanas Cormaic, from the Yellow Book of Lecan, Corm. Y 1079

     ross .i. trēde fordingair .i. ros fidbuide, […]

     wood, that is, a triad of meanings, that is, a wood of yellow trees, […]

Inflection

Masculine o-stem
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ros	rosL	ruisL
Vocative	ruis	rosL	rusuH
Accusative	rosN	rosL	rusuH
Genitive	ruisL	ros	rosN
Dative	rusL	rosaib	rosaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective: H = triggers aspiration L = triggers lenition N = triggers nasalization

Descendants

• Irish: ros (“wood”)
• Scottish Gaelic: ros (“promontory”)

Etymology 2

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥so-, which is most likely a borrowing from a non-Indo-European language. See also Latin porrum (“leek”), English furze, and possibly Ancient Greek πράσον (práson, “leek”).

Noun

ros m (genitive ruis, nominative plural ruis)

1. A linseed.
   • c. 900, Sanas Cormaic, from the Yellow Book of Lecan, Corm. Y 1079

     ros līn

     linseed

2. A flax - or other small seed.

Inflection

Masculine o-stem
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ros	rosL	ruisL
Vocative	ruis	rosL	rusuH
Accusative	rosN	rosL	rusuH
Genitive	ruisL	ros	rosN
Dative	rusL	rosaib	rosaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective: H = triggers aspiration L = triggers lenition N = triggers nasalization

Descendants

• Irish: ros (“linseed”)
• Scottish Gaelic: ros (“linseed”)

Mutation

Mutation of ros

radical	lenition	nasalization
ros also rros after a proclitic ending in a vowel	ros pronounced with /r(ʲ)-/	unchanged

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “2 ros (‘linseed, flaxseed’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 ros (‘wood, headland’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Romanian

Etymology

Inherited from Latin rōsus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ros/
• Rhymes: -os

Verb

ros (past participle of roade)

1. past participle of roade

Adjective

ros m or n (feminine singular roasă, masculine plural roși, feminine and neuter plural roase)

1. gnawed, eaten away at
2. eroded, consumed
3. (of clothes) careworn, threadbare, shabby, seedy, frayed

Declension

		singular				plural
		masculine	neuter	feminine		masculine	neuter	feminine
nominative/ accusative	indefinite	ros		roasă		roși	roase
	definite	rosul		roasa		roșii	roasele
genitive/ dative	indefinite	ros		roase		roși	roase
	definite	rosului		roasei		roșilor	roaselor

Related terms

• rosătură
• rosură

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology 1

From Old Irish ros (“linseed”).

Noun

ros m (genitive singular rois, plural rosan)

1. linseed, flax seed

Etymology 2

From Old Irish ros (“wood, promontory”), from Proto-Celtic *ɸrostos, from Proto-Indo-European *pro- (“before”) + *steh₂- (“to stand”).

Noun

ros m (genitive singular rois, plural rosan)

1. promontory, peninsula, isthmus

References

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “2 ros (‘linseed, flaxseed’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 ros (‘wood, headland’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• MacBain, Alexander, Mackay, Eneas (1911) “ros”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language‎^[2], Stirling, →ISBN, page 295
• Edward Dwelly (1911) “ros”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎^[3], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN

Seychellois Creole

Etymology

From French roche.

Noun

ros

1. rock, stone

References

• Danielle D’Offay et Guy Lionnet, Diksyonner Kreol - Franse / Dictionnaire Créole Seychellois - Français

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈros/ [ˈros]
• Rhymes: -os
• Syllabification: ros

Etymology 1

Named after Antonio Ros de Olano (1808–1886), a Spanish general who introduced the hat into the Spanish army

Noun

ros m (plural roses)

1. a type of military hat, similar to a shako

Etymology 2

Noun

ros m pl

1. plural of ro

Further reading

• “ros”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.7, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2023 November 28

Sranan Tongo

Etymology

Borrowed from Dutch rossen.

Verb

ros

1. to beat up, to give a beating

Swedish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ruːs/

• Audio (Gotland); “en ros”:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -uːs

Etymology 1

From Old Swedish ros‚ from Middle Low German rose, from Latin rosa.

Noun

ros c

1. a rose; a flower, a shrub, also as heraldic charge
   • 1963, Arne Qvick (lyrics and music), “Rosen [The rose]”‎^[4]:

     Ty just nu idag, så köpte jag, en liten ros i en blomsteraffär. En ros röd som blod, så att du förstod, att det är dig som jag håller kär.

     For just now today, I bought, a small rose in a flower shop. A rose red as blood, so that you understood, that it is you that I hold dear.

2. praise, acclaim

   Antonym: ris

   Spelet har fått mycket ros av kritikerna

   The game has received much critical acclaim

   ris och ros

   praise and criticism (idiomatic – also the name of a readers' section in some newspapers (for commending or criticizing))

Declension

Declension of ros

		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	ros	ros
	definite	rosen	rosens
plural	indefinite	rosor	rosors
	definite	rosorna	rosornas

Derived terms

• alpros
• buskros
• dans på rosor
• nyponros
• rosarium
• rosbukett
• rosbuske
• rosdoft
• rosenbegonia
• rosenblad
• rosenbröd
• rosenbukett
• rosenbuske
• rosenböna
• rosende
• rosendoft
• rosenfingrad
• rosenfink
• rosenfärgad
• rosengång
• rosengård
• rosenhy
• rosenhäck
• rosenhäger
• rosenkind
• rosenknopp
• rosenkrans
• rosenkvitten
• rosenkål
• rosenmandel
• rosenmoln
• rosenmun
• rosenmönster
• rosenmönstrad
• rosenodling
• rosenolja
• rosenplantering
• rosenpotatis
• rosenrabatt
• rosenrasande
• rosenröd
• rosenrött
• rosenskimmer
• rosenskära
• rosenspaljen
• rosensten
• rosenstock
• rosentry
• rosenträ
• rosenträd
• rosenträdgård
• rosenvatten
• rosett
• rosling
• rosmarin
• rosrabatt
• rosväxt

 

Related terms

• rosa
• rosig

Descendants

• → Estonian: roos
• → Finnish: ruusu

Etymology 2

Noun

ros

1. indefinite genitive singular of ro

Etymology 3

Verb

ros

1. passive infinitive of ro
2. present passive of ro

References

• ros in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• ros in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• ros in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
• Häkkinen, Kaisa (2004) Nykysuomen etymologinen sanakirja [Modern Finnish Etymological Dictionary] (in Finnish), Juva: WSOY, →ISBN

Anagrams

• ors, sor

Tok Pisin

Etymology

From German Rost.

Noun

ros

1. rust

Zoogocho Zapotec

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Spanish arroz, from Andalusian Arabic الرَّوْز (ar-rawz), from Arabic أَرُزّ (ʔaruzz, “rice”), from Ancient Greek ὄρυζᾰ (óruza).

Noun

ros

1. rice

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Spanish rosa, from Latin rosa.

Noun

ros

1. rose

Derived terms

• color de ros
• yej ros

References

• Long C., Rebecca, Cruz M., Sofronio (2000) Diccionario zapoteco de San Bartolomé Zoogocho, Oaxaca (Serie de vocabularios y diccionarios indígenas “Mariano Silva y Aceves”; 38)‎^[5] (in Spanish), second electronic edition, Coyoacán, D.F.: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, A.C., page 270