Seleccion de Tecnologias para Plantas de Gas PDF
Seleccion de Tecnologias para Plantas de Gas PDF
Seleccion de Tecnologias para Plantas de Gas PDF
NOVIEMBRE 2010
1. OBJETIVOS DE LA PRESENTACION
ESTABLECER LA IMPORTANCIA DE LA ADECUADA SELECCION DE TECNOLOGIAS PARA UNA PLANTA DE GAS NATURAL: IDENTIFICAR TECNOLOGAS APLICABLES PARA EL PROYECTO EVALUAR Y VALORIZAR CADA UNA DE LAS TECNOLOGAS ESTUDIAR Y RECOMENDAR LA COMBINACIN E INTEGRACIN DE TECNOLOGAS PARA CONFIGURAR LA PLANTA DE GAS ESTABLECER EL MONTO DE LA INVERSIN Y SUS COSTOS DE OPERACIN Y CONFIGURAR EL MODELO ECONMICO
2. DATOS BASICOS
SITUACION ACTUAL, EXISTENTES
INSTALACIONES
PLANTA
DE LA
MATERIA PRIMA
DESEADAS
PRODUCTOS Y CALIDAD
5. INSTALACIONES EXISTENTES
TREN 3 DE GAS POZOS PRODUCTORES
LINEAS DE FLUJO
TANQUE DE AGUA
A CUSIANA
TREN 1 DE SEPARACION
TANQUE CRUDO
ESTABILIZADOR DE FLUJO
5. INSTALACIONES EXISTENTES
GAS DEHYDRATION TRAIN 3 GAS DEHYDRATION TRAIN 2 PROCESS GAS
LEAN GLYCOL
TRAIN 3 TRAIN 2
TRAIN 3 TRAIN 2
GLYCOL CONTACTOR
GT SLUG CATCHER SEPARATION VESSELS MP. COMPRESSOR TO SLUG CATCHER LIQUID STORAGE PIPES
HP. COMPRESSOR
GLP
PRESIN DE VAPOR @ 100 F: TEMPERATURA @ 95% EVAPORACIN: CONTENIDO DE C2: CONTENIDO DE C5 + : CONTENIDO DE AGUA: 208 PSIG MX. 36 F MX. @ P Atmosfrica 6 % VOL. LQ. MX. 2 % VOL. LQ. MX. NINGUNO.
LGN:
RVP< 12.3 psia.
REMOCION DEL CONTENIDO DE AGUA REMOCION DE CO2 REMOCION DE MERCURIO REMOCION H2S EVITAR LA FORMACION DE HIDRATOS USO POTENCIAL DE GAS ACIDO POTENCIAL DE PRODUCCION DE ETANO POTENCIAL DE PRODUCCION DE LPG POTENCIAL DE PRODUCCION DE NAFTA NATURAL
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9. UNIDADES DE PROCESO
Unidad de Endulzamiento (para remover CO2) Unidad de Secado (para remover el agua de saturacin del gas) Unidad de Control del Punto de Roco (para eliminar hidrocarburos pesados y ajustar el poder calorfico del gas). Unidad de Compresin de Gas cido Unidad de Compresin de Gas de Venta Unidad de Medicin de Gas de Venta Unidad de Estabilizacin de Condensados (separacin de LPG y LGN) Sistema de Almacenamiento y Despacho de GLP / LGN Servicios (aire, electricidad, gas combustible, agua desmineralizada, agua potable, agua industrial, nitrgeno, aceite calefactor o vapor, sistemas de tea, etc.) Sistemas de control y seguridad.
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9. UNIDADES DE PROCESO
Sistemas Dependientes de la Tecnologa de Endulzamiento Sistemas Dependientes de la Tecnologa de Control del Punto de Roco Sistemas Independientes de la Tecnologa Seleccionada
Unidad de Compresin de Gas cido Servicios (aire, electricidad, gas combustible, agua desmineralizada, agua potable, agua industrial, nitrgeno, aceite calefactor o vapor, sistemas de tea, etc.).
Unidad de Compresin de Gas de Venta Unidad de Estabilizacin de Condensados (separacin de LPG y LGN) Sistema de Almacenamiento / Despacho de GLP / LGN Servicios (aire, electricidad, gas combustible, agua desmineralizada, agua potable, agua industrial, nitrgeno, aceite calefactor o vapor, sistemas de tea, etc.)
- Unidad de
Medicin de Gas de Venta
- Sistemas de
control y seguridad.
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Note that this figure should only be used for first approximations of hydrate formation conditions
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Operating conditions within the gray region, no hydrates will form. Operating conditions (either steady state or transient) in the red region, hydrate formation is possible. And more likely the further into the red region The figure also shows the hydrate formation curve for 10, Operating conditions within the gray region, no hydrates will form. Operating conditions (either steady state or transient) in the red region, hydrate formation is possible. And more likely the further into the red region The figure also shows the hydrate formation curve for 10, 20 and 30% methanol inhibition. A hydrate model can also be used to predict these curves. Injection of methanol lowers the temperature at which the hydrate form. and 30% methanol inhibition. A hydrate model can also be used to predict these curves. Injection of methanol lowers the temperature at which the hydrate form.
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The figure below overlays a steady state temperature/pressure profile for a flowline on top of the hydrate formation envelope for the produced fluids. The shaded area shows the hydrate formation region for 0, 10, 20, and 30% methanol. The fluids enter the flowline at 80F (27C) and approximately 1750 psia (121 bar), outside of the hydrate formation region. As the fluid travels through the flowline the temperature drops and by mile 10 the potential for hydrate formation exists. By mile 30 it requires 23% methanol to inhibit hydrate formation.
This an By mile 45 the flowline is reaching shallower, warmer water and the fluid begins to warm-up. Between mile 45 and 50 Joule-Thomson expansion of the fluids results in a temperature drop. alysis allows one to determine if the flowline will remain out of the hydrate formation region during steady state conditions. It also indicates what level of methanol would be required to prevent hydrates. However, this analysis is strictly for steady state conditions. For hydrates, the transient analysis provides the more stringent design criteria
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Salts inhibit hydrate formation in the same manner that salt depresses the freezing point of pure water. c.f. salting winter roads. A produced water analysis will allow a less conservative estimate of the hydrate formation conditions. Standard hydrate prediction models can predict the effect of salts.
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Hydrates can form either single or multiple plugs. There is no method to predict which will occur. High differential pressures can be trapped between plugs, even when the discharge end of the plugs are depressurised.
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Remarks Can be regenerated and recovered from liquid hydrocarbons. Significant vapour losses above minus 25oC Can be regenerated. Lower vapour losses and less solubility in liquid hydrocarbons than methanol. Significant vapour loss above minus 1oC Use only in warmer, low pressure systems where glycol losses are high or where glycol dehydration is used in conjunction with glycol injection
Methanol
Minus 40
Minus 10
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TEG (Triethyleneglycol) TREG Lower carry-over loss due to (Tetraethylene- lower vapour pressure glycol) Can be used on gases whose temperature exceeds about 50oC
Disadvantages Larger carry-over loss Less dewpoint depression Regeneration to high concentrations is more difficult Used in almost 100% of glycol dehydration systems
More expensive
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1.25
25
1.00
20
Glycol Injection (A) Cleeton Silica Gel (A) Dimlington T erminal (B) Q8 T erminal Netherlands
0.75
15
D
Cold Finger
0.50
10
Stripping Gas
10ppm
7ppm
Molecular Sieve (A) Ula (B) Miller (C) Wytch Farm Membrane (A) Easington T est Rig
0.25
E
Drizo
2ppm
C
1ppm Molecular Membranes Sieve
0
Glycol Absorption IFPEXOL Silica Gel
Ib/MMscf Pppm
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LC
Filters
Gas Processing
Injection Pumps
Flash Drum
LC
Wet Gas In
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Glycol/Glycol Exchangers
Wet Gas
LC
Glycol Contactor
To Still Column
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32 oC
Molecular Sieves
Sieve 1 100-260
oC
Sieve 2
Sieve 3
K.O. Drum
Sour Water
Air Cooler
Heat Exchanger Filter
Regeneration Gas
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26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
Pressure, Bara
Isentropic Process Water Specification Line 70 Possible Refrigeration Paths Adiabatic Process (Joule Thompson)
-50
50
Temperature, C
34
Condensate
Gas to Recompression
The feed is cooled by external refrigeration before passing into the dewpoint separator where the heavier fractions drop out for NGL recovery leaving a low dewpoint gas.
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The refrigeration cycle can be broken down into four distinct steps; Expansion
Refrig. Surge Drum
Process Gas Supply
Expansion
Selection of the refrigerant is generally based upon temperature requirements, availability, economics and previous experience. Previously used refrigerants, HCFCs (Hydro-chloro-fluro-carbons) and CFCs (Chloro-fluro-carbons)have been replaced with non-ozone depleting HFCs (Hydro- fluro -carbons) refrigerants such KLEA (ICI product). These new products have a lower chilling capacity than earlier products and therefore larger cooling equipment is required. Other refrigerants which may be used are ammonia and propane/butane.
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Condensate
The feed is first cooled and then expansion is achieved by pressure let-down through a JouleThomson valve. The liquid is taken off in the dewpoint KO drum.
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Turbo Expander
Gas to Recompression
Feed Gas
Condensate Condensate
The feed is expanded through a wheel, where the gas cools. The liquid is separated and the gas is recompressed by a second wheel using the power generated from the original expansion.
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Mnimo requerimiento de rea. Sin elementos rotativos. Operacin no atendida. Puesta en marcha instantnea. Larga vida til. Mnimos requerimientos en piezas de repuesto. Requiere licencia. Depende de la velocidad (P&Q) Turn- Down Asociado al nmero de tubos Alto caudal de Metano y Etano en Slip Gas lo cual aumenta necesidades estabilizacin en la deetanizadora
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43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
1000.00
1500.00
2000.00
2500.00
500.00
0.00
MM btu/h
In ye cc in Ac tua Or tlo l ff + Am ina Or tlo 12 ff + % M em br an EA a 12 + % Am ina EA 12 % + M em br an a 12 JT % +A mi na 12 JT % + Me mb ra na Or 12 tlo % ff + Am ina Or tlo 6% ff + M em br an EA a 1e + t Am ina 6% EA + Me mb ra na Tw 1e ist t er +A m ina Tw ist 6% er+ M em br an JT a1 + et Am ina 6% JT + Me m br an a1 et
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10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
0.00
FG MMSCFD
In ye cc in Ac tua Or tlo l ff + Am ina Or tlo 12 ff + % M em br an EA a 12 + % Am ina 12 EA % + M em br an a 12 JT % +A mi na 12 JT % + Me mb ra na Or 12 tlo % ff + Am ina Or tlo 6% ff + M em br an EA a 1e + t Am ina 6% EA + M em br an Tw a 1e ist t er +A m ina Tw ist 6% er + M em br an JT a1 + et Am ina 6% JT + Me m br an a1 et
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10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
35.00
40.00
0.00
5.00
23. EMISIONES
CO 2%
In ye cc in Ac tua Or tlo l ff + Am ina Or tlo 12 ff + % M em br an EA a 12 + % Am ina 12 EA % + M em br an a 12 JT % +A mi na 12 JT % + Me mb ra na Or 12 tlo % ff + Am ina Or tlo 6% ff + M em br an EA a 1e + t Am ina 6% EA + M em br an Tw a 1e ist t er +A m ina Tw ist 6% er + M em br an JT a1 + et Am ina 6% JT + Me m br an a1 et
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1000.00
1500.00
2000.00
2500.00
3000.00
3500.00
4000.00
500.00
0.00
23. EMISIONES
CO 2 (ton/d)
In ye cc in Ac tua Or tlo l ff + Am ina Or tlo 12 ff + % M em br an EA a 12 + % Am ina 12 EA % + M em br an a 12 JT % +A mi na 12 JT % + Me mb ra na Or 12 tlo % ff + Am ina Or tlo 6% ff + M em br an EA a 1e + t Am ina 6% EA + M em br an Tw a 1e ist t er +A m ina Tw ist 6% er + M em br an JT a1 + et Am ina 6% JT + Me m br an a1 et
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14000
12000
4000
2000
60
25. CARGA
Carga (MMSCFD)
280
260
220
61
62