Texto Referencia de Ingles Tecnico

INSTITUTO TECNOLOGICO MARCELO QUIROGA SANTA CRUZ
INGLES TECNICO I
PERSONAL INFORMATION AND OCCUPATIONS
Saber responder a preguntas sobre nuestra Information Personal o Datos
personales es uno de los conocimientos elementales que debemos conocer en un
idioma extranjero.
Empezaremos con la información básica sobre nombre y fecha de nacimiento. A

continuación, avanzaremos hacia conceptos más avanzados como el estado civil
o nacionalidad.
What is your ___ ? What’s your ____? – ¿Cuál es tu___ ?
Vocabulario básico de la temática de los datos personales: Nombre -‘Name’
What’s your name? – ¿Cuál es tu/su nombre? ¿Cómo se llama /te llamas?
What’s your surname / family name? – ¿Cuál es tu/su apellido? ¿Cómo se

apellida/te apellidas?
My name is ____ – Mi nombre es ____ / Me llamo _____
I am ___ / I’m ____ – Soy ____
Initials – Iniciales
First name / Given name / Christian name – Nombre de Pila
Maiden name – Apellido de soltera
* Es bastante habitual que la mujer al casarse adopte el apellido del marido y, por lo
tanto, deje de utilizar el suyo.
Middle Name* – Segundo nombre

*Los nombres ingleses se componen a menudo un nombre principal, y uno o dos
segundos nombres. Estos suelen proceder tanto del parte de la madre, del padre o
de otro pariente cercano.
Vocabulario básico de la temática de los datos personales: Edad – ‘Age’
What’s your age? / How old are you? – ¿Cuál es tu/su edad? ¿Cuántos años

tiene / tienes?
I am ____ years old – Tengo ____ años
When is your birthday? – ¿Cuándo es tu/su cumpleaños?
Date of birth – Fecha de nacimiento
My birthday is _____ / My date of birth is _____ – Mi cumpleaños / fecha de

nacimiento es _____
Place of birth – Lugar de nacimiento
I was born in ____ – Nací en____ / Soy de ____
My place of birth is ______ – Mi lugar de nacimiento es _____
Género – Gender
Sr. Mr. / Sir, Mister – Señor, Don
Ms. M – Señorita o Señora, Doña
Mrs. – Sra (Señora)

Miss – Señorita
Female – De sexo femenino; Hembra; Mujer
Male – De sexo masculino; Varón
Estado Civil – Marital Status
Single/Unmarried – Soltero
Married – Casado
Divorced – Divorciado
Separated – Separado
Widow – Viuda
Widower – Viudo
Otra información – Other information
Where are you from? – ¿De dónde es/eres?
I’m/ I am from ____ – Soy de _____
Address – Dirección
What’s your address? / Where do you live? – ¿Cuál es tu dirección? / ¿Dónde

vives?
My address is ____ / I live in _____– Mi dirección es ____ / Vivo en _____
Postcode / Zip code – Código postal

What’s your address? / Where do you live? – ¿Cuál es tu dirección? / ¿Dónde
vives?
My address is ____ / I live in _____– Mi dirección es ____ / Vivo en _____
Nationality – Nacionalidad
What’s your nationality? – ¿Cuál es tu nacionalidad?
My nationality is ____ – Mi nacionalidad es
Telephone number – Número de teléfono
What’s your Telephone number – ¿Cuál es tu número de teléfono?
My telephone number is ____ – Mi número de teléfono es ____
What do you do? What is your profession/occupation? Where do you work? –

What is your job?
¿Dónde trabajas? ¿Cuál es tu trabajo / profesión?
EJERCICIOS:
Completa las siguientes frases utilizando la información que acabamos de ver_
1. What’s your _____ ?
 ¿Cuál es tu nombre?
2. What is your _______?
 ¿Cuál es tu apellido?
3. _____is your ________?
 ¿Cuál es su apellido de soltera?
4. What’s your ______?

 ¿Cuál es tu nacionalidad?
5. _____are you ____ ?
 ¿De dónde eres?
6. ¿Are you ____or_____?
 ¿Es casado o soltero?
7. What is your ____ _____?
 ¿Cuál es su estado civil?
8. How ____ are ____?
 ¿Cuántos años tienes?
9. _____of _____?
 ¿Fecha de nacimiento?
10. What is your ______?
 ¿Cuál es su profesión?
1. Nombre o Sustantivo en inglés
ARTÍCULO DEFINIDO EN INGLÉS

En inglés hay solamente un artículo definido para todos los nombres o sustantivos:
masculinos, femeninos y plurales. El artículo es 'The'. A continuación, algunos
ejemplos:
The boy – El muchacho

The boys – Los muchachos
The girl – La muchacha

The girls – Las muchachas
ARTÍCULO INDEFINIDO EN INGLÉS
El inglés tiene dos artículos indefinidos que corresponden a ‘un’ y ‘una’. Para los
nombres que empiezan con una consonante, se usa el artículo ‘a’. Para los
nombres que empiezan con una vocal o una ‘h’ que no se pronuncia (por ejemplo
'hour' - hora), se usa el articulo ‘an’. Ejemplo:
A dog – un perro
A table – una mesa
An apple – una manzana

An hour – una hora
Los artículos indefinidos no tienen formas plurales:
Some letters – unas cartas
A few minutes – unos minutes
EL PLURAL DE LOS NOMBRES O SUSTANTIVOS EN INGLÉS
1. A la mayoría de los nombres en inglés, se les agrega una ‘s’ al final para formar
el plural, como se muestra en los siguientes ejemplos:
SINGULAR PLURAL
Car - Carro Cars - Carros
Book - Libro Books - Libros
2. Los nombres que terminan en ‘y’ después de una consonante, cambian

la ‘y’ por ‘es’ en el plural, así:
SINGULAR PLURAL
Body - Cuerpo Bodies - Cuerpos
Family - Familia Families - Familias
Party - Fiesta Parties - Fiestas
3. A los nombres que terminan en ‘s’, ‘x’, ‘sh’, ‘ch’ y algunos que terminan

en ‘o’ se les agrega ‘es’ al final:
SINGULAR PLURAL
Bus - Autobus Buses - Autobuses
Pass - Permiso Passes - Permisos
Bush - Arbusto Bushes - Arbustos
Tax - Impuesto Taxes - Impuestos
Tomato - Tomate Tomatoes - Tomates
4. Los nombres que terminan en ‘f’, cambian la ‘f’ por ‘ves’ en el plural:
SINGULAR PLURAL
Calf* - Pantorrilla Calves - Pantorrillas
Wife - Esposa Wives - Esposas

Half - Mitad Halves - Mitades
*‘Calf' también significa ‘ternero’
5. Hay algunos sustantivos que son excepciones. Sus formas plurales son
irregulares, así:
EXCEPCIONES
SINGULAR PLURAL
Man - Hombre Men - Hombres
Woman - Mujer Women - Mujeres
Foot - Pie Feet - Pies
Tooth - Diente Teeth - Dientes
Child - Niño Children - Niños
Sheep - Cordero Sheep - Corderos
Goose - Ganso Geese - Gansos
Mouse - Ratón Mice - Ratones
2. Pronombres Personales en ingles

Empecemos con la parte más básica de cualquier idioma: los pronombres
personales. Los pronombres personales en inglés son más sencillos que los del
español y están listados a continuación.
I - yo
You – tú, usted
He – él
She – ella
It – ese
We – nosotros/nosotras
You – ustedes, vosotros/vosotras
They – ellos/ellas
NOTAS:
 El inglés no distingue entre la forma formal y la informal. Note

que ‘you’ significa ‘tú’ y 'usted'.
 ‘You’ tambien significa ‘ustedes’ o ‘vosotros/as’. El significado depende del
contexto. A veces si uno quiere especificar que ‘you’ no se refiere a una
persona sino a todo el grupo, se puede utilizar ‘you all’ o ‘all of you’ (todos
ustedes).
 ‘It’ no tiene equivalente en español. En inglés, cosas inanimadas como la

puerta, el carro, el problema, la idea, etc, no tienen género. Por esta
razón, ‘it’ se utiliza para referirse a una cosa que no es masculina ni
femenina. ‘It’ también se emplea generalmente para referirse a animales.
 ‘Él’ y ‘Ella’ (‘he’ y ‘she’) sólo se emplea para referirse a personas. Sin

embargo, en algunas ocasiones las personas prefieren referirse a animales
como ‘he’ y ‘she’, aunque no es la norma.
Ahora que nos hemos familiarizado con los pronombres personales, podemos
conjugar verbos y formar frases; por ejemplo:
I am fine – Estoy bien

They eat steak – Ellos comen bistek
It is good - Es bueno
Nota: En inglés no es muy común omitir el pronombre personal como en español.

Nunca se dice ‘am fine’ en vez de ‘I am fine’.
3. Verbo To be- “Ser” y “Estar”
El verbo to be se puede traducir como ‘ser’ o como ‘estar’ en español. El inglés
sólo tiene un verbo para los dos significados.
Nota: La forma infinitiva de los verbos en inglés siempre empieza con ‘to’.
La conjugación del verbo ‘to be’ en el presente es la siguiente:
To Be
I am – yo soy/estoy
You are – tú eres/estás, usted es/está
He/she is – él es/está, ella es/está
It is – eso es/está
We are – nosotros/as somos/estamos
You are – ustedes son/están, vosotros/as sois/estáis
They are – ellos/as son/están
Ejemplos:
I am a student – Soy estudiante

You are ready – estás listo/a
He is happy – Él está contento
She is Colombian – Ella es colombiana
We are tired – Nosotros estamos cansados
You are from the United States – Ustedes son de los Estados Unidos
They are in Paris – Ellos están en París
Algo más sencillo del inglés, es que los adjetivos no cambian de forma con el
género; es decir, no cambian si los nombres o sustantivos son masculinos o son
femeninos. Sólo tienen una forma. Por ejemplo:
He is Mexican – Él es mexicano
She is Mexican – Ella es Mexicana
He is happy – Él está contento

She is happy – Ella está contenta
LA NEGACIÓN EN INGLÉS
La forma negativa de una frase se forma con la palabra ‘not’, como se indica a

continuación:
He is not here – Él no esta aquí.
They are not well - Ellos no están bien
We are not Americans – Nosotros no somos americanos
She is not in Bogotá – Ella no está en Bogotá
4. El Verbo Tener – “To Have”

El inglés tiene pocos verbos cuyas conjugaciones en el presente son irregulares. El
verbo ‘to have’ es uno de ellos.
To Have
I have – yo tengo
You have – tú tienes, usted tiene
He has – él tiene
She has – ella tiene
It has – tiene
We have – nosotros/as tenemos
You have – ustedes tienen, vosotros/as tenéis
They have – ellos/as tienen
Ejemplos:
I have a new car – Tengo un carro nuevo

You have enough food – Tienes suficiente comida
We have three children – Tenemos tres hijos
They have a lot of work – Tienen mucho trabajo (a lot – mucho, bastante)
The house has three bedrooms – La casa tiene tres habitaciones

It (the house) has three bedrooms – Ella (la casa) tiene tres habitaciones.
5. El Verbo To Do – “Hacer”
El verbo to do tiene conjugación regular en el presente. Se conjuga así:

To do
I do – yo hago
You do – tú haces, usted hace
He does – él hace
She does – ella hace
It does – hace
We do – nosotros/as hacemos
You do – ustedes hacen, vosotros hacéis
They do – ellos/as hacen
Ejemplos:
I do my homework – Hago mi tarea

You do absolutely nothing – Tú no haces absolutamente nada
She does the shopping – Ella hace las compras
They do it as fast as possible – Lo hacen lo más pronto posible (‘it’ también se
usa como el pronombre ‘lo’ o ‘la’)
She does the work every day – Ella hace el trabajo todos los días
El verbo to make también se traduce frecuentemente como ‘hacer’ en español.
To make
I make – yo hago
You make – tú haces, usted hace
He makes – él hace
She makes – ella hace
It makes – hace
We make – nosotros/as hacemos
You make – ustedes hacen, vosotros hacéis
They make – ellos/as hacen
Ejemplos:
I make a cake – Hago una torta

She makes me laugh – Ella me hace reír
We make wooden toys – Hacemos juegos de madera (‘wood’ significa ‘madera’
pero ‘wooden’ significa ‘de madera’)
They make too much noise – Ellos hacen demasiado ruido
6. Los verbos to go y to come: Ir y Venir
Los verbos ‘to go’ y ‘to come’ como la mayoría de los verbos en inglés, tienen

conjugaciones regulares en el presente.
To Go
I go – yo voy
You go – tú vas, usted va
He/she/it goes – él/ella/eso va
We go – nosotros/as vamos
You go – ustedes van
They go – ellos/ellas van
Ejemplos:
I go to the supermarket – Voy al supermercado

You go to school with my son – Vas al colegio con mi hijo
She goes to the theatre on Saturday – Ella va al teatro los sabados
We go to the bar after work – Vamos al bar después del trabajo
They always go to Barcelona in May – Siempre van a Barcelona en Mayo
To Come
I come – yo vengo
You come – tú vienes, usted viene
He/she/it comes – él/ella/eso viene
We come – nosotros venimos
You come – ustedes vienen
They come – ellos/ellas vienen
Ejemplos:
I come here every day – Vengo aquí todos los días

You always come late – Siempre vienes tarde
He comes with us to play tennis – Él viene con nosotros a jugar tenis
We come here to drink the wine – Venimos aquí para tomar el vino
They come with the whole family – Ellos vienen con toda la familia
7. Como Decir Hay en Ingles
En inglés hay traduce come ‘there is’ o ‘there are’ dependiendo de si se refiere a

una cosa, o más de una cosa.
There is a book on the table – Hay un libro en la mesa

There are three cars in the garage – Hay tres carros en el garaje
There is a man outside – Hay un hombre afuera
There is more than enough food for the family – Hay más que suficiente comida
para la familia
There are a lot of people in this restaurant – Hay mucha gente en este
restaurante
There is no internet service in this hotel – No hay servicio de internet en este
hotel
There are no monsters in the closet – No hay monstruos en el armario
There are dogs in the park – Hay perros en el parque
Is there a (tele)phone in this room? – ¿Hay un teléfono en este cuarto?
Are there bookstores in this town? – ¿Hay librerías en este pueblo?
Are there music CDs in this library? – ¿Hay CDs de música en esta biblioteca?
8. Preposiciones de lugar en ingles: In, On, At
Para expresar el lugar donde se encuentra alguien o algo, tenemos que aprender
algunas preposiciones. En esta lección vamos a echar un vistazo a algunas de las
preposiciones que nos permiten indicar el lugar.
El inglés es mucho más específico con el uso de las preposiciones. En particular,

hablantes de español se confunden muy fácil con las tres preposiciones siguientes:
In – en, dentro

On – sobre, en
At – a, en
Note que, la palabra ‘en’ podría significar in, on y at. En inglés el uso de estas

preposiciones es mucho más específico. Veamos ahora algunos ejemplos:
1. Ejemplo No. 1:
The food is in the refrigerator – La comida está en la nevera/refrigerador
Esto significa que la comida está dentro del refrigerador. No está sobre él.
2. Ejemplo No. 2:
The book is on the table – El libro está sobre/en la mesa
En este caso es muy claro que el libro está sobre la mesa por la palabra ‘on’. En
inglés no se puede decir en este caso que ‘The book is in the table’, porque
significaría que el libro está dentro la mesa.
3. Ejemplo No. 3:
My husband is at the office – Mi esposo está en la oficina

My husband is in the office – Mi esposo está en la oficina
Las dos frases tienen la misma traducción en español pero tienen un significado
ligeramente diferente. ‘My husband is at the office’ implica que mi esposo está en
el lugar del trabajo pero no necesariamente dentro del cuarto de su oficina. ‘My
husband is in the office’ implica que mi esposo está dentro del cuarto de la
oficina.
Un ejemplo parecido es:
I am at the theatre – Estoy en el teatro (Esto significa que estoy en el lugar del
teatro)
I am in the theatre – Estoy en el teatro (Esto significa que estoy dentro del teatro)
Es un caso parecido cuando se refiere al aeropuerto, al cine, al hospital, al parque,

etc.
Sin embargo, hay algunos casos especiales, que se mencionan a continuación.
HABLANDO DE LA PLAYA
We are at the beach – Estamos en la playa (Estamos en el lugar de la playa, no

necesariamente en la parte de la arena)
We are on the beach – Estamos en la playa (Estamos en la arena de la playa, no
solo en el lugar)
Siempre se dice ‘on the beach’ nunca ‘in the beach’.
HABLANDO DE CIUDADES O PAÍSES
Siempre usamos ‘in’ cuando se refiere a países o cuidades:
I am in France – Estoy en Francia

She is in the United States – Ella está en Los Estados Unidos
They are in Berlin – Ellos están en Berlin
HABLANDO DE LA ESCUELA
I am at the school – Estoy en la escuela (Estoy en el lugar de la escuela, no

necesariamente dentro del edificio)
I am in the school – Estoy en la escuela (Estoy dentro del edificio o dentro de la
aula)
Pero ‘I am in school’ (sin ‘the’) implica que soy estudiante. En este punto de mi

vida, estoy haciendo mis estudios.
Ejemplo:
Are you working now or are you still in school? – Trabajas (tienes trabajo)
ahora o todavía estás estudiando?
HABLANDO DE LA CASA
I am at home (sin ‘the’) – Estoy en casa
I am at the house – Estoy en la casa (no necesariamente dentro de la casa)
I am in the house – Estoy en la casa (Estoy dentro del edificio).
http://www.ingles-practico.com/basico/indicar-lugar.html
TECHNICAL ENGLISH TEXTBOOK

STUDENT:_
INTRODUCTION INTRODUCING
MYSELF:
My name is Rodrigo Mamani Apaza. I am from La Paz, Bolivia. I am married and I have
four children. I am a teacher at the technological institute. I work in the municipality of La
Paz. In my free time, I like to read and listen to music.
INTRODUCE YOURSELF:
My name is_ (full

name) I am from_ _(nationality)
I am _years old.
(age) I am _(occupation)
I am _(married/single)
My address is_
My phone number is
In my free time, I like to _(hobby)
ASKING YOUR CLASSMATES PERSONAL QUESTIONS:
What is your name?_ _

Where are you from? _
How old are you?_
Are you married or single?_
What is your occupation?
What is your address? _
What is your phone number?
COMPLETE THE INFORMATION:
Name: _
Age:
Nationality: _
Marital status:_
Occupation:_
Address:
Phone number:
HOMEWORK: Write a short biography of an important or famous person.

LESSON ONE. USING VERB TO BE
I. Predicting from the title. (Predicciones del contenido partiendo del título)
What or who is it about?
(Escriba sus predicciones en castellano.)

II. Now read the text and underline cognates.
(Ahora lea el texto y subraye los cognados o palabras que se parecen al castellano en
forma y significado.)
PROFILE OF AN IMPORTANT CHAIRMAN: BILL GATES
His name is William H. Gates. He is an architect and the Chairman of Microsoft

Corporation, the worldwide leader in software services and internet. He was born in Seattle
and he lives in Washington. He is 47 years old. He is married with Melinda French Gates.
They have two
children: Jennifer and Rory John. He loves computers and he works with the company’s
development team turning new ideas into innovative software and services. His fortune is
around U$ 10 billion. In his free time, he likes to play golf.
III. Circle words you do not understand by context and look them up
in your dictionary.
(Ponga en un círculo las palabras que no conoce y no entiende ni por el contexto o que
no son cognados y búsquelas en su diccionario.)
Write the meaning of the new words you have found in your dictionary
below the unknown word.
(Escriba el significado de la palabra nueva que ha encontrado en el diccionario y anótela
debajo de la palabra desconocida.)
IV. Comprehension questions: (Preguntas de comprensión)
1. What is his name? _

2. How old is he? _
3. Where is he from? _
4. What is his occupation?_
5. Is he married? _
6. What does he do in his free time? _
V. Now translate the text (Ahora traduzca el texto al castellano.)

READING PRACTICE 1
I.MAKE PREDICTIONS FROM THE TITLE:_
II. UNDERLINE COGNATES:
ENGLISH FOR INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATION
Why is English useful for international communication? English is an international

language because more than 600 million people around the world use it. Most books and
papers in different fields are in English. After some period of time they are translated to
other languages. Most specialists use English at conferences and meetings. Some
scientific discoveries are first published in English and then for the rest of the scientific
community. If we want to be updated in our professions, we need to read in English, at
least
We can say that English is the world language.
III.COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS:
1. Why is English considered an international language?
1. How many people around the world use the English language?
2. What do we need to be updated in our professions?
3. What language do we use at international conferences and meetings? Why?
IV. TRANSLATE THE TEXT
GRAMMAR SECTION. EXPLANATION OF VERB TO BE
EXPLICACIÓN DEL USO DEL VERBO TO BE:
Antes de poder conjugar cualquier verbo es importante conocer los pronombres con los que
se los conjuga:
Los pronombres en Inglés son:
Pronombres singulares
I (Yo )
You (tú)
He (él)
She (ella)
It (él, ella para animal, planta, objeto, idea, pensamiento o sentimiento)
Pronombres plu rales
We (nosotros)
You (ustedes)
They (ellos)
*En plural no se hace diferencia entre lo humano y no humano en la tercera
persona, se usa igual they para ellos o ellas ya sean animales, plantas, cosas,
etc.
SIGNIFICADOS DEL VERBO TO BE
El verbo “ to be” significa dos verbos del castellano: SER O ESTAR.
I. Cuando se lo usa como el verbo SER la estructura de la oración en presente simple es:
Sujeto + verbo+ Nombre
Ejemplo I am Bett
s: y
Subject Ve No
rb un
CUADRO DE CONJUGACIÓN CON LOS PRONOMBRES:

SINGULAR PLURAL EXPLICACIÓN
Forma de conjugación del
SUBJECT+BE+NOUN SUBJECT+BE+NOUN verbo TO BE: Am, is, are.
I am Betty We are teachers Los

I am a teacher Lucy and I are
teachers pronombres reemplazan a
You are Peter los nombres:
You are a You are students
student Ron and you are students I (se refiere al que
habla) You ( al que
He is a They are doctors me dirijo)
student Jim Bill and Joe are doctors He (a una persona del
is a sexo masculino)
student She ( a una persona del
sexo femenino)
They are flowers
It ( a una cosa, animal ,
Roses are flowers
planta,etc)
She is Lucy
She is a
student We (se refiere a ti y otra
persona)
It is a You ( a otras personas a
dog Bobby las
is a dog
que te dirijes)
They ( a otros y tu no
estás incluido)
EXERCISE 1: Fill in the blanks with: AM, IS and ARE.
1. Mary a teacher.
2. He _a lawyer.
3. It_ a turtle.
4. We_ _doctors.
5. She a nurse.
6. They engineers.
7. You (one person) _an actor.
8. You (two or more persons) pilots.
9. Lucy and Susan friends.
10. They _books.
II. También con su sentido de SER puede ser Sujeto + verbo + adjetivo.

Nota: Los adjetivos en
SUBJECT+BE+ adjective SUBJECT+BE+adjectiv Inglés no tienen género ni
número, es decir que no
I am happy e We are happy se los pluraliza, ni existe
su forma femenina o
You are intelligent You are in masculina.
Tampoco se puede
He is tall telligent They colocar la “a” delante del
nombre como lo
are tall hacíamos en los nombres
She is beau tiful comunes en singular.
Roses are beautiful
Bobby is intelligent
EXERCISE 2: Choose one adjective and fill in the blanks:
intelligent fat tall round hot square funny big pretty sweet
1. Students are_ .
2. Pigs are .
3. An elephant is_
4. The Picture is .
5. The joke is _.
6. Flowers are .
7. Sugar is_ .
8. I am short. My brother is _.
9. The fire is _ .
10. The Earth is_ .
III. Si se lo usa como el verbo ESTAR, la estructura de la oración

sería: Sujeto + verbo + frase preposicional.

Nota: PP
SUBJECT+BE+ PP SUBJECT+BE+PP significa
Prepositional Phrase
We are in (frase
preposicional )
I am on a bus class You are at
Aquí el verbo significa
You are at home the concert estar por lo tanto va
acompañado
They are in the car de una frase de lugar.
He is at work
Peter is at school.
She is in a meeting Roses are in a vase. (Pedro está en el colegio)
At school es la
Bobby is in the park frase preposicional.
 Las preposiciones de lugar en Inglés son bastantes como en el castellano pero

ahora usaremos tres que son las más comunes y estas tres significan los mismo en
castellano, estas son IN, ON y AT, las tres significan “EN” pero depende donde
esté la persona o le objeto.
 IN se utiliza cunado la (s) persona(s ), animal(es) o cosa(s) está o están dentro de
ciertos límites.
Ejemplo: The book is in the box.

The students are in the classroom.
The dog is in the park.
We are in Miami.
 ON se usa cuando la(s) persona (s), animal (es) o cosa (s) está o están sobre una
superficie o sobre algo.

Ejemplo: The books are on the desk.
Betty is on the second floor. The
boy is on a horse.
 AT indica el nombre de un lugar o localidad en sentido general.

(No se usa el determinativo THE con ciertos nombres como por ejemplo: at
work y no at the work así tenemos también at home, at school,etc.)
Otras preposiciones: Busque el significado de estas preposiciones

en su diccio nario.
Against in back of insi

de
around in the back of outsi
de
behind in front of next
to
beside in the front of near
between in the middle of under
,etc.
EXERCISE 3: Complete las oraciones usando una frase preposicional.
1. She is _the window.

2. They are the classroom.
3. We are_ _the teacher.
4. I am _drugs.
5. Betty is sitting_ Mary.
CONTRACTIONS (CONTRACCIONES)

Nota: Cuando la gente
SUBJECT+BE+ PP SUBJECT+BE+PP habla tiende a contractar ,
es decir une dos palabras
I’m on a bus We’re in class en una, en Inglés esto se
hace a menudo.
You’re at You’re at the Las contracciones son del
sujeto con el verbo o del
home He’s at concert They’re in verbo con la negación
como veremos más
work She’s the car They’re on adelante.
Para contractar se coloca
in a the table. un apostrofe, así:
He’s/You’re/They’re
meeting
Bobby’s in the park
EXERCISE 4: Use contracciones en los siguientes espacios vacíos:

1. Peter is in my class. _my classmate.
2. Susan is a doctor._ _my colleague.
3. We are at the university._ in the second semester.
4. The children are in the garden. playing soccer.
5. The cat is sleeping. on the sofa.
NEGATIVE FORM WITH BE
Nota: Cuando se niega
SUBJECT+BE+ PP SUBJECT+BE+PP con el verbo TO BE se
usa NOT después del
I’m NOT at home. We are NOT in class verbo.
You are NOT at You are NOTat the También se puede

contractar así:
home He is NOT at concert They are NOT
He’s not o He isn’t
work in the car
You’re not o You
She is NOT in They are NOT on
a meeting the table. aren’t They’re not o
Bobby is NOT in the They aren’t

park
EXERCISE 5: Use la forma negativa para llenar los espacios vacíos:
1. I in class now, I am at work.

2. She a doctor, she is a nurse.
3. We_ engineers, we are lawyers.
4. He a technician, he is a computer programmer.
5. They _at work, they are at home.
EXERCISE 6. Write your own sentences in negative form:

Ex: I am not a bad student. I am intelligent.
YES/NO QUESTIONS WITH BE
Nota: La forma
SUBJECT+BE+ SUBJECT+BE+adjective interrogativa se forma
adjective Am I poniendo por delante el
happy? Are we verbo y luego el
Yes, you are. pronombre.
No, you aren’t. happy? Yes,
you are. Cuando se dan
Are you No, you aren’t. respuestas cortas del tipo
YES/NO no se debe
intelligent? Yes, I hacer la contracción con el
am. Are you intelligent? sujeto sino con el verbo y
No, I am not. Yes, we are. en la forma afirmativa no
No, we aren’t. se debe contractar, solo
Is he en la negativa.
Are they tall?
tall? Yes,
Yes, they
he is.
are. No, they
No, he isn’t.
aren’t.
Is she beautiful ?
Yes, she is. Are roses beautiful?
No, she isn’t. Yes, they are.
No, they aren’t.
Is Bobby intelligent?
EXERCISE 6: Haga preguntas partiendo de las siguientes respuestas: 1.
Yes, he is. (He is a doctor)

2.
No, they aren’t. (They are not teachers)
3.
Yes, it is. (It is my new computer)
4. _
No we aren’t. (We are not engineers.)
5.
_ Yes, I am. (I am married.)
QUESTIONS WITH BE: USING INTERROGATIVE WORDS

QUESTIONS Nota: Las
WHERE am I? QUESTIONS palabras
At home. WHY are we interrogativas son :
HOW are you? happy? Because WHAT (qué)

Fine, thanks. we are lucky. WHERE (dónde)
WHEN (cuándo)
HOW OLD is WHAT TIME are you in WHAT TIME (a qué
he? 20 years old. class ? hora) HOW (cómo)
At 9:00. WHY (por qué)
WHY is she happy? HOW OLD (cuántos años o
Because she is here. WHO are they? qué edad)
Colleagues. WHO (quien, quienes)
EXERCISE 7: Use palabras interrogativas: WHERE, WHEN, HOW OLD, WHO, WHAT TIME, etc.
4.
In class. (Peter is in class.)
2.
At home. ( I ‘m at home).
3.
Peter. (Peter is in the bedroom)
4. _
21. (Betty is 21 years old.)
5.
_ In the mornings. (My classes are in the mornings.)
LESSON TWO. VERB TO BE PAST TENSE
I. Anticipation: Read the title and make predictions about the content. (Lea el título y haga
predicciones del contenido.)_
A SUCCESSFUL BUSINESS MAN
At 15 he was a shop assistant. At 20 he was the owner of a repair company. Today at 40,
he is one of the richest men in the United States.
His name is James Peterson. He is the chairman of Peterson Appliances Co. , the
company sells TVs, video recorders, personal computers and hifi’s at prices lower than the
other companies in the same field.
This company is based in New York, but it manufactures most of its products in Japan.
The main reason for the success of the company is an excellent marketing team.
Mr. Peterson does not have an office, he runs his company from home. He is a rich man
but he does not like to show it. He lives as a medium class man in a beautiful house with
his wife and two children. In his free time he likes to go camping and to fish.
II. Comprehension questions:
1. What was James Peterson when he was 15?

2. What has he at 20?
3. What is he at 40?
4. What is his occupation now?
5. What does the company sell?
6. How are the prices of the company?
7. Where does the company manufacture its products?
8. What is the main reason for the success of the company?
9. How does he live?
10. What does he do in his free time?
III. According to the text write true or false in the following sentences:
(Según lo que ice el texto, escriba verdadero o falso en las siguientes oraciones)
1. James Peterson is a rich man._

2. James Peterson has a repair company now.
3. Peterson’s company is based in Japan. _
4. James does not like to show his money._ _
5. The company manufactures its products in Taiwan._
IV. Match these words
1. Television set to produce_ _

2. Hifi TV_ _
3. Shop High fidelity_
4. To manufacture Store_
V. Translate the text:

GRAMMAR SECTION. PAST TENSE VERB TO BE

SUBJECT+BE+NOUN SUBJECT+BE+NOUN verbo TO BE IN PASADO:
Present: I am a Present: We are I _ _ WAS

teacher Past: I teachers Past: We HE SHE WAS
was a teacher were teachers IT
Present: You are single. Present: You are students WE YOU

Past: You were single. Past: You were students
_WERE THEY
Present: He is a Present: They are
student Past: Jim was doctors Past: They
a were doctors
student
Present: They are

Present: She is flowers Past: They
Lucy were flowers
Past: She was a
student
Present: It is a
dog Past: Bobby was
a dog
Se usan expresiones de tiempo pasado con las oraciones en pasado para especificar
cuando sucedió la acción.
EXPRESIONES DE TIEMPO PASADO:

Yesterday
yesterday morning
yesterday afternoon
yesterday evening
Last
night
Last week
Last year
I. EXERCISE: Fill en the blanks with the correct form of the verb in past tense.
1. I am a university student. Last year, I_ a school student.

2. Peter is In United States this year. He in Santa Cruz last year.
3. The children are in the park now. They_ _at the zoo yesterday.
4. The students are in class from Monday to Friday. They _ on holiday last
week.

SUBJECT+BE+ PP SUBJECT+BE+PP con el verbo TO BE en
pasado se añade al verbo
I was NOT at home. We were NOT in class el not o También se
puede contractar así:
You were NOT at You were NOT at the
He wasn’t
home He was NOT concert They were NOT
You
at work in the car
weren’t
She was NOT in They were NOT on the
a meeting table. They
Bobby was NOT in the weren’t

park
II. Put these sentences in the negative form:
1. I was very busy last week._ _

2. She was at home last night. _
3. They were at the party last Saturday night.
4. You were absent from class yesterday._ _
5. He was in class yesterday morning. _

Nota: La forma
SUBJECT+BE+ SUBJECT + BE interrogativa se forma
adjective Was I +adjective poniendo por delante el
happy? verbo y luego el
Yes, you Were we pronombre.
were No, you
happy? Yes,
weren’t. Cuando se dan
you were No,
respuestas cortas del tipo
you weren’t.
Were you busy? YES/NO en la forma
Yes, I was. afirmativa no se debe
No, I was contractar, solo en la
Were you busy?
not. negativa.
Yes, we were.
No, we weren’t.
Was he
tall? Yes, Were they interesting?

he was. Yes, they were.
No, he No, they weren’t.
wasn’t.
Was she beau tiful ?

Yes, she
was. No, she
wasn’t.
III.Write questions and give short answers:

1. _
( The children were happy at the party
yesterday.) 2. _
_ _( The classroom was empty
yesterday.) 3.
_( I was very busy yesterday.)
4. _
(We were at the meeting yesterday
morning.) 5. _
_( Mary was tired last night.)

QUESTIONS Nota: Las
WHERE was I? QUESTIONS palabras
At home. WHY were you interrogativas son :
HOW old were you last happy? Because we WHAT (qué)

year? were lucky. WHERE (dónde)
21 . WHEN (cuándo)
HOW OLD was WHAT TIME were WHAT TIME (a qué
he ? 20 years old. you in class ? hora) HOW (cómo)
At 9:00. WHY (por qué)
WHY was he happy ? HOW OLD (cuántos años o
Because she was at WHO were they? qué edad)
home. Colleagues. WHO (quien, quienes)
IV. Write questions with interrogative words for the
following answers: 1.
_
Mary was at home last night.
2,
The students were at the library last class.
3.
Peter wasn’t at the party last Saturday because he was sick.
4.
The meeting was on time yesterday
5.
The date was at 5:00 yesterday afternoon.
LESSON THREE. PRESENTE AND PAST PROGRESSIVE TENSE
I. Read the title an d make predictions about the content:
ON CEOs AND COMPANIES
I am at the airport with our company’s chauffeur. We are here to meet the new CEO (Chief
Executive Officer) who is arriving from England: I am going to be his assistant during his short
visit to our country. He is the one who makes all the important decisions.
Our company is Latin Records, it produces and exports records, compact discs and videos
all over Latin America and is suffering now a bad management, so this man is trying to
solve the problems here. The CEO is a British man named James Sullivan, who is 45
years old. He is working hard, he is reengineering the company to obtain higher benefits
and position it better in the market.
We are working now. We are going to many places and having conferences with the local
managers. He is checking budgets, asking for reports and giving seminars to the
employees.
Challenges of a global market are demanding changes today and the competition is more
complex and hard every day.
Our company is working to become a top one.
I. Write Mr. Sullivan’s profile
Name: Age: _
Nationality_ _
Company: _
Occupation:
II. Comprehension questions:
1. Who is the one who takes decisions in that company?

2. What are Mr.Sullivan’s activities during his visit?
3. What is happening with the company?
4. What is Mr. Sullivan going to do?
5. Where does the company operates?
III. Write true or false in the fallowing statements:
1. Mr. Sullivan s arriving in England

2. Mr.Sullivan’s assistant makes the decisions.
3. The CEO is giving seminars to the employees_
4. This reengineering is bringing higher benefits to the company in the
future. _
5. Global market demands are not complex or competitive._
IV. Translate the text:
GRAMMAR SECTION. PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

PRESENT CONTINUOUS
SUBJECT+BE+INGVerb I SUBJECT+BE+INGverb presente progresivo se
am explaining the We are studying usa el verbo TO BE: is y
lesson now. English now. are + el verbo de la acción
terminando en –ING.
You are lis tening to You are learning English
the teacher this class. this semester. S+TO BE+VING
He is having They are practicing Este tiempo indica una

classes now. the exercises now. acción que esta
sucediendo en el
They are writing on their momento en que la
She is copying notebooks in this moment. persona habla y tiene un
the lesson now. tiempo de duración,
It is working well. Y también se usa para

hablar de algo que
sucederá en el futuro,
en este caso se le añade
un adverbio de tiempo
futuro:
Ex: Betty is going to

Brazil next year
EXERCISES:
1. Mary_ a letter to her boyfriend now. (write)

2. Peter the computer right now. (use)
3. We _classes at the moment. (have)
4. They soccer at the stadium in this moment. (play)
5. It_ well now. (work).
SPELLING OF –ING (Reglas para escribir la terminación con –ing.)
END OF THE VERB+ING FORM EXPLANATION

Rule 1: Consonant + E Si el verbo termina en consonante más
E, quite la E antes de añadir “ ing.”
Ex: smile
smiling Erase
erasing
Rule 2: Vowel+consonant Duplique la consonante y añ ada
ing.
Ex: sit sitting Excepto con W,X,Y
Stop Ex: snow= snowing ( no
snowwing) Fix= fix ing
stopping (no fixxing)
Rule 3: two vowels +consonant Solo añada –ing sin duplicar la
consonante
Ex: read reading
Stop stopping
Rule 4: Two consonants Añada –ing sin duplicar la consonante.
Ex: stand
standing
Push
pushing
EXERCISES:
ADD THE –ING FORM TO THE FOLLOWING VERBS:
1. Erase
2. count
3. Cut_
4. cry_ _
5. sit
6. eat_
7. drink_ _
8. do _
9. study
10. rain

SUBJECT+BE+ PP SUBJECT+BE+PP en presente progresivo se
niega con el auxiliar TO
I’m NOT working now. We are NOT sitting in BE, se usa NOT después
class. del verbo.
You are NOT studying
at home. You are NOT clapping at También se puede
the concert contractar así:
He is NOT playing the
piano now. They are NOT running He’s not having
the marathon. classes now.
She is NOT o
They are NOT He isn’t having classes now.
having a party. having classes.
You’re not going to the party
Bobby is NOT now.
eating meat.
You aren’t going to the
party now.
EXERCISE: Write the negative form of the following sentences:
11. I to the meeting. (go)

12. They to the party. (come)
13. She a red blouse and jeans. (wear)
14. Peter_ English now (study)
15. We_ at a restaurant now. (eat)

Nota: La forma
SUBJECT+BE+ SUBJECT+BE+adjective interrogativa se forma
adjective Am I poniendo por delante el
playing well? Yes, Are we having a verbo auxiliar “To be”y
you are. party? Yes, you are. luego el pronombre,
No, you aren’t. No, you aren’t. después el verbo
terminado en –ING.
Are you EJ: Is he wearing jeans?
Are you going to
studyin g English? the meeting? La respuesta corta se da
Yes, I am. Yes, we are. como en las respuestas
No, I am No, we aren’t. del
not. verbo “To be”:
Is he working at Are they attending to the
your company? conference? Yes, he
Yes, he is. Yes, They are. is o
No, he isn’t. No, they aren’t.
No, he isn’t.
Is she coming to Are the dogs eating the
the party ? meat? Cuando se dan
Yes, she Yes, they respuestas cortas del tipo
is. No, she are. No, they YES/NO no se debe
isn’t. aren’t. hacer la contracción con el
sujeto sino con el verbo y
Is Bobby eating en la forma afirmativa no
well? Yes, it is. se debe contractar, solo
No, it isn’t. en la negativa.
EXERCISES: Complete the sentences making questions for the following answers: 1.
_
Yes, (I’m going to the party.)
2.
No,_ ( They aren’t coming to the party)
3.
Yes, ( The students are doing the
exercises)
4._
No,_ (We are not going to the University
now.)

QUESTIONS Nota: Las palabras
WHAT am I doing? QUESTIONS interrogativas son :
A mistake. WHY are we singing ?
Because we are happy. WHAT (qué)
HOW are you WHERE (dónde)
coming? By taxi. WHAT TIME are WHEN (cuándo)
you arriving WHAT TIME (a qué
WHAT is he studying? hora) HOW (cómo)
System Engineering. At 9:00. WHY (por qué)
HOW OLD (cuántos años o
WHY is she crying? WHO are they visiting? qué edad)
Because she is homesick. Some friends. WHO (quien, quienes)
Se colocan delante del

auxiliar “to be” y luego el
sujeto seguido del verbo
terminado
en –ING.
EXERCISE. Give answers to the following questions:
1. Where are you going?

2. What is your friend doing?
3. What is your classmate wearing now?
_
4. What are you studying at this university?
5. Where is your father working?

_
LESSON FOUR. USING SIMPLE
PRESENT SUSAN’S
DAILY HABITS
Susan Simon is a famous fashion designer. She has her own fashion business and
she is a very successful designer. She gets up at six o’clock every morning and she
drives to work for more than an hour. She starts working at 8:00 and she finishes at
5:00 p.m.
When she arrives at work, she checks her mail for half an hour while she drinks her
coffee. Then, she has a meeting with her staff to give some new ideas about fashion
tendencies. After that, she calls some important clients to offer the new models she is
going to launch soon. At 12:00, she eats lunch at the cafeteria near her office. In the
afternoon, she receives some material suppliers and checks the samples. Later, she
shows her new designs to her employees and gives some orders to manufacture the
new models. She leaves her office at 5:00 p.m and gets home at 6:30. She eats dinner
with her husband and daughter. They talk
about their activities during the day. After that, she takes a shower and finally she goes to
sleep.
I. COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS:
1. What is Susan‘s occupation?

2. What does she do at work?
3. How many hours does she work?
4. Where does she eat lunch?
5. Does she have a lot of clients ?
6. Is she a successful professional in her field?
II. TRANSLATE THE TEXT:

HOMEWORK
Write a short composition about your daily habits.
READING PRACTICE 2
I. Read the title and pred ic t the content:
________ ____ ___________ ____ ______ _____________
________ ____ ___________ ____ ______ _____________ BASIC
FACTORS IN BUSINESS
Business is the activity of producing and distributing goods and services. The four basic
factors in business are: land, labor, capital and entrepreneurship. Land refers not only to a
piece of real state, but it also means raw materials. Labor refers to the use of mental or
physical work to produce goods. Capital means not only money, but it also refers to the
equipment. And entrepreneurship is putting together land, labor and capital to make
something of value.
II. Compreh ens ion questions:
1. What does business mean?
2. What are the basic factors in business?
3. What does land mean?
4. What is entrepreneurship?
III.Find the definitions in the text for the fo llowing words:

Land____ ____ ___________ ____ ______ _____________
Labor________ ___________ ____ ____ ___________ ___
Capital_______ ____ _____ ____ ____ ___________ ___
IV. Match the words with the Sp anish definition:
1. Labor a. dinero para comprar maquinaria y herramientas
2. Business b. productos
3. land c. lo que los trabajadores proveen
4. goods d. la actividad de producir bienes
5. capital e. materia prima
V. Translate the text (traduzca el texto )
Trans late the following manual instructi ons:
MAINBOARD INSTALL ATION

To install this mainboard in a system, please follow these instructions in this chapter:
 Identify the mainboard components.
 Install a CPU.
 Install one or more system memory modules.
 Make sure all jumpers and switches are set correctly.
 Install this mainboard in a system chassis (case).
 Connect any extension brackets or cables to connecting headers on the mainboard.
 Install other devices and make sure the appropriate connections to the mainboard
connecting headers.
I. READ THE FOLLOWING JOB ADVERTISING AND
TRANSLATE IT: INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION

Seeks an experienced Data Entry Clerk for a temporary position (approx. 5 months) in our
Santa Cruz office. Candidate must be proficient in oral and written English and Spanish,
have good interpersonal skills, be well organized and able to work flexible hours. Work
involves review and interpretation of technical manuals, forms and data entry into our
logistics database. Computer proficiency is essential. Familiarity with Microsoft Office Suite is
highly desired. Good typing skills (60 wpm).
Applicants should submit their resume’s by June 20, 2007 to the following email address:
poclavam@inlfl.state.gov
I.FIL L IN THIS APPLICATION
FORM JOB APPLICATION
FORM
Name:______________ ____ ____ _____ _ _______ ___
first Middle Last
ID Number:___________________________ ___Age:_________ __
Nationality_______ ___________ _Marital Status:___________ _____
Number of children:___________ ____ _____ __
Address:_________ ____ ____ ______Phone number:_____________ _
Occupation:___ ____________Professional Degree_______ _________
Present Place of work:_______________ ____ ________
Last salary:___________________Position:______ _______ ___
Work experience:__________________ __Number of years:____________
Company or Institution Position Year
________ ____ ___ ________________ __________ __
________ ____ __ ___________ ___ ____________ __
________ ____ _ _________________ ____________ __
Position you apply in this company:_____________ ______ _______
Salary expectation:________________________ _______ ___
Available time:_________ _____ ___________ ________ _
full time Part time
I. Complete this letter and write your own application letter following this model:
Mary Jane Stone

2531,Redwood Street
Maryland,US
Mrs. Elizabeth Harrison
Director
Latin Records Company
1617 Magnolia Street
California, US
July 17th, 2008
Dear Mrs. Harrison.
I am interested in the job of_ in your company. I

years old.. I in Maryland. At the moment I_ working as a
in _company.
I speak two languages: English and Spanish. I can also use a word processor. I can work
full time. I look forward to hearing from you.
Yours sincerely,
_ Mary Jane Stones

GRAMMAR SECTION. SIMPLE PRESENT

Se usa este tiempo para
SUBJECT+verb+C SUBJECT+ verb+C expresar rutinas, hábitos
o hechos en general que
I work We work suceden en el presente.
hard You hard You Forma de conjugación del

verbo en presente es:
work hard work hard
I
They work hard You
He works We
work They
hard She
works
He
She
hard
workS It
It works hard La tercera persona singular

lleva una “ S” o “ ES”
FREQUENCY ADVERBS: ALWAYS, USUALLY, OFTEN, RARELY, SELDOM , NEVER.

Los adverbios de frecuencia acompañan al tiempo presente cuando se habla de rutinas, hábitos
, ya que muestran la frecuencia en que estas acciones se repiten.
Always = 100% (Siempre)
Usually = 90% (Generalmente)
Often = 80 % (Con frecuencia o a menudo)
Rarely = 50% (rara vez)
Seldom = 30% (casi nunca)

Never = 0 % (nunca)
Los adverbios se colocan entre el sujeto y el verbo, así:
Peter usually arrives early at work.
Mary never arrives late at work.
Excepción: Solo en el caso del verbo “ to be” se colo ca el adverbio después del
verbo, Así:
Peter is always busy
EXERCISES: Put the frequency adverb in the correct place:

1. Peter is happy (always)
2. Mary is late for class (often) _
3. I eat breakfast (rarely)_
4. Mark is at home at night. (usually) _
5. Mary Ann takes the bus to school. (seldom) _
6. The bus is on time. (never)
7. Thomas is busy in the mornings (often)
8. Julie stays at home in the evenings (usually)
9. It is cold in winter. (always)
10. It snows in Santa Cruz. (never)
SPELLING O SIMPLE PRESENT THIRD PERSON SINGULAR (reglas de
ortografía para escribir los verbos en tercera persona singular)
RULES EXPLANATION
Si el verbo termina en “ Y” y le
Rule 1: consonant antecede una consonante se cambia la
+ Y Ex: study “ Y” por “ i” y se añade “ es” .
Studies Cry cries Si termina en “ Y” precedida de vocal solo

se añade “ s”
Vowel +” y”
Ex. Play
plays
Stay stays
Rule 2: Si termina en :” ss” , “ sh” , “ ch” , Se añade siempre “ es” .
or “ X”
Ex. Kiss
kisses
Push pushes
Teach teaches
Fix fixes
Irregular verbs Estos arbitrariamente llevan “ ES” o
cambian de forma como es el caso de
Have has have= has.
Go goes
Do does
EXERCISES:
APPLY SPELLING RULES OF THIRD PERSON SINGULAR TO THESE VERBS.
1. Mary new shoes every month (buy).

2. Jane _ English at an elementary school. (teach)
3. Peter_ _to the university everyday.(go)
4. Tim_ _his teeth carefully (brush)
5. Mary Peter because she loves him(kiss)
6. Alex cars, he is a mechanic(fix)
7. Jim always his homework. (do)
8. Catherine_ jeans everyday. (wear)
9. John is a bartender, he drinks in a bar. (mix)
10. When Mary_ _(do) exercises, she _(stretch)her legs.

SUBJECT+neg. aux. SUBJECT+neg.aux+verb+C en presente se usa el
+verb+C auxiliar DO NOT o DOES
NOT y después el verbo.
We DO NOT work at
I DO NOT work at home. home. I
You
You DO NOT work at We DO NOT
home You DO NOT work They
at home.
He DOES NOT work at He
home They DO NOT work She DOES NOT
at home. It
She DOES NOT
work at home. Se pueden contractar
así: Do+not = Don’t
It DOES NOT work Does+not = Doesn’t
well.
(Nota: Cuando se usa el
auxiliar de negación el
verbo en tercera persona
ya
no lleva “ s” )
YES/NO QUESTIONS WITH SIMPLE PRESENT

Nota: La forma
DO+ SUBJECT+VERB+C SUBJECT+BE+adjectiv interrogativa se forma
DOES poniendo por delante el
e DO you work verbo auxiliar DO o
DO I work DOES , luego el sujeto o
hard? Yes, you hard? Yes, we do. pronombre y luego el verbo
do. No, we don’t en su forma básica ( sin
aumentarle “s” a tercera
No, you don’t.
persona)
DO you work hard? DO we work hard? Cuando se dan
respuestas cortas del tipo
Yes, I do.
No, I don’t. Yes, you do. YES/NO se usa la
No, you don’t. contracción en la
negativa.
DOES he work
hard? Yes, he DO they work hard?
does.
No, he doesn’t. Yes, they do.
No, they don’t
DOES she work hard?
Yes, she does.
No, she doesn’t
QUESTIONS WITH INTERROGATIVE WORDS

QUESTIONS interrogativas se colocan
WHERE do I work? WHY do you always antes del auxiliar do o
At home. win? Because we are does
lucky.
HOW do you come? Ex: WHAT do you want?
By bus. WHAT TIME do you go to Otras palabras interrogativas
. class ? son:
At 9:00.
WHY does she WHERE (dónde)
cry? Because she WHO do they meet at the WHEN (cuándo)
is sad. party? WHAT TIME (a qué
hora) HOW (cómo)
Mary and Susan. WHY (por qué)
WHO (quien, quienes)
Grammar exercises
1. Write the answer:

a. What do you do this weekend?_____ ____ ___________ ____ __
b. Where do you work?________________________________ ____ ___
c. What do you study?___________ __________ ___________________
d. Where do you study?________ ____ ____ _______ __________
2. Put these sentenc es in present tense using the verbs in paren theses:
a. The students___ _____________ (do) well in the this examination.
b. the children________________(go) to the park on Saturday.
c. I_______________(see) Peter at the party tonight.
d. We________________(eat) hamburgers at Tobby on Sunday.
e. The teacher_______________(have) a short vacation after six months.
HOMEWORK
I. COMPLETE THE SENTENCES USING THE VERB IN PARENTHESES.
1. Martin__________ 9 hours everyday. (sleep)
2. Peter and Susan____________lunch at the cafeteria every day.(eat)
3. Mary and I_______________to church every Sunday. (go)
4. I___________my homework in my office. (do)
5. Peter________________his report every Friday. (write)
II. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS:

1. Do you like coffee?____________ ____ ___ ____
2. Does Peter work hard?_____________ ____ _____
3. Do they have classes on Sundays?___________ ________
4. Does Mary go to the university every day?_____ _____
5. Do we have classes on Sundays?____ ____ _______
I. WRITE THE NEGATIVE FORM IN THE

FOLLOWING SENTENCES: Use: don`t / doesn`t +
verb
1. Mary__________________________at this university. (study,not)
2. Henry and Michelle________________________married. (get,not)
3. Jane _______________________french fluently.(speak,not)
4. We__________ ___________classes on Mondays. (have,not)
5. I________________________ in the same company. (work,not)
Voc abulary exercise 1

I. The ten adverbs in the list on the left commonly occur in readings. Can you match them
with their correct meanings?
ADVERBS
1. currently 5. actually
2. eventually 6. drastically 7.continually
3. automatically
4.similarly
_______a) in
the same way
_______b)wit
hout human
intervention
________c)in
reality
_________d)all
the time, without
interruption
_________e)
now , at the
present
_________f)afte
r a long time
_________g)stro
ng and violently
8. fully ________ H) in the
9. simultaneously beginning
______i)at the same time
10. originally
________j) completely
II. Traduzca esos adverbios, algunos son cognados, es decir, palabras que
se parec en al castellano y significan lo mismo.
LESSON FIVE. USING SIMPLE PAST
I. Read the title and make predictions about the content:

_
The Princess of Hearts
Her name is Diana Frances Spencer. She was born in Althorp Hall, country at
Northampton, England. She was born on July 1st., 1961. She studied at a private
School in Kent and in 1978 she finished her education in a prestigious school in
Switzerland.
She was 19 years when the British Crown announced her engagement with Charles, the
Prince of Wales, and heir of the British Throne.
She got married with the prince and she became the Princess of Wales. She had two sons:
Williams and Henry. She was very loved by the British people and throughout the entire
world because she helped poor and sick people. She was against the war and she made
some campaigns against it, walking on mined fields.
She was not happy in her marriage and she got divorced at 33 years old. She died very
young, at the age of 36. She died in Paris, France, next to the Eiffel Tower. The entire
world cried for her. She was called "The Princess of Hearts".
II. Underline cognates and circle the unknown words to look them up
in your dictionary:
III. Comprehension questi ons:

1. What is her name?
2. Where was she born ?
3. Where did she study?
4. How old was she when she engaged with the Prince Charles?
5. How many children did she have?
IV. Translate the text.
READING PRACTICE 3
I.READ THE TITLE AND MAKE PREDICTIONS ABOUT THE CONTENT:
________ ____ ___________ ____ ______ ___________________ _____ ___
________ ____ ___________ ____ ______ ___________________ __________ DID YOU KNOW
ABOUT THESE NEW TECHNOLOGIES?
Until now, the PC was the only route to cyberspace. But, today from startups to electronic
giants, the hightech industry is moving into a new area in computing, in which digital
appliances will not be associated only with mainframes, minicomputers or PCs. Computing
will be done with a wide variety of devices. They will be aimed at practically every aspect of
our daily lives, such as: digital cameras, technologies to link home networks to high speed
phone lines, handheld computers, digital camcorders, cameras, TVs and other devices will
share into through home networks, minilaptop PCs, palm size scanners or even
appliances for the kitchen that surf the web.
I. Underline cognates (palabras similares al castellano )

II. Match the meaning with the words :
(las palabras marcadas son palabras compuestas)
1. Computadoras personales miniportátiles a___________hightech industry
2. Scanners del tamaño de la palma b______minilaptop PCs
3. Teléfonos de alta velocidad c_______palmsize scanners
4. Industria de alta tecnología d_______Highspeed phone lines
III.Comprehension questions:
1. Where is the hightech industry moving to?
2. What kind of devices will be invented?
3. Have you already know about these new technologies? Give examples.
IV. Translate the text:
GRAMMAR SECTION. SIMPLE PAST

Se usa este tiempo para
SUBJECT+verb+C SUBJECT+ verb+C expresar UNA ACCIÓN
PASADA Y ACABADA.
I workED We workED Forma de conjugación del
verbo en PASADO:
hard You hard You I
You
workED hard workED hard We
They workED hard workED They

He workED
hard She He
She
workED
workED It
hard
En los verbos regulares
se añade –ED a los
verbos, en los irregulares
It workED hard
cambian de forma y hay
que aprenderlos de
memoria.
Ex. go went
Exercises:
i. I (walk) in the park for an hour yesterday.
ii. She (visit) her mother last vacation.
iii. Peter_ _(arrive) late at the meeting yesterday.
iv. Alice (study) English at the CBA last year.
v. We_ (attended) classes last Saturday.
NEGATIVE FORM
SUBJECT+DIDN’t +verb+C SUBJECT+neg.aux+verb+C en presente se usa el
auxiliar DID NOT después
VIENE el verbo.
I DID NOT work at We DID NOT work at
home YESTERDAY. home YESTERDAY. I
You
You DID NOT work at We DID NOT
home LAST WEEK. You DID NOT work at They
home LAST WEEK.
He DID NOT work at He
home They DID NOT work at She DID NOT
home LAST SATURDAY. It
YESTERDAY MORNING.
Se puede contractar así:
She DIDNOT work
at home LAST NIGHT. DID not = DIDN’T
Todas las personas niegan
It DID NOT work well
con DIDN’T.
YESTERDAY.
Exercises:
Write these sentences in the negative form:
1. I worked hard last month._

2. Jane studied English at Domingo Savio University.
3.
John visited Mary last night._ _
4. Lucy listened to your new song yesterday.
5. They clapped at the concert yesterday evening._

YES/NO QUESTIONS WITH SIMPLE PAST

Nota: La forma
DID+SUBJECT+VERB? DID+SUBJECT+BE? interrogativa se forma
poniendo por delante el
Did you work verbo auxiliar DID luego
DID I work el sujeto o pronombre y
hard? Yes, you hard? Yes, we did. luego el verbo en su
did. No, we didn’t forma básica
Cuando se dan
No, you didn’t. respuestas cortas del tipo
Did we work YES/NO se usa la
Did you work hard? contracción en la FORMA
Yes, I did hard? Yes, you negativa.
No, I didn’t.
did. Did you study French?
Did he work No, you didn’t. Yes, I did.
hard? Yes, he No, I didn’t.
did . Did they work hard?
No, he didn’t.
Yes, they did.
Did she work hard? No, they
Yes, she did. didn’t
No, she didn’t
Exercises
Answer with short answers the following questions:
1. Did you study English last semester? _

2. Did your teacher explain the lesson 2 last class?
3. Did Your parents work hard?
4. Did your classes start on time yesterday? _
5. Did the students arrive on time last class? _
Now answer the questions with full answers:
QUESTIONS WITH INTERROGATIVE WORDS
QUESTIONS interrogativas se colocan
WHERE did I work? WHY did you win? antes del auxiliar did.
At home.
Because we were lucky. Ex: WHAT did you want?
HOW did you come? Otras palabras interrogativas
By bus. WHAT TIME did you go son:
. to class ?
At 9:00. WHERE (dónde)
WHY did she cry? WHEN (cuándo)
Because she was WHO did they meet at WHAT TIME (a qué
sad. the party? hora) HOW (cómo)
WHY (por qué)
Mary and Susan. WHO (quien, quienes)
Grammar exercises
1. Write the answer:

a. What did you buy at the supermarket yesterday_ ___________________
b. Where did you study your career?____________ _______ ________
c. What did you choose for your birthday?________ _______ ____ ____
d. Where did Shirley work?_________________ _______ _________
2. Put these sentenc es in past tense using the verbs in paren theses:
a. The students___ _____________ (do) well in the last examination.
b. the children______________(go) to the park last Saturday.
c. I_______________(see) Peter at the party last night.
e. The teacher____________(have) a short vacation last summer.
IRREGULAR VERBS
PRESENT PAST EXPLICACIÓN
COME CAME Nota: Los
verbos
DO DID irregulares en
pasado
HAVE HAD cambian de
forma
EAT ATE arbitrariamente o sea que
GO WENT uno debe aprenderlos de
SEE SAW memoria a través del uso.
WRITE WROTE
SIT SAT
READ READ
MAKE MADE
LEAVE LEFT
HOMEWORK
I.WRITE THESE SENTENCES IN PAST TENSE:

1. Mary___________________(go) to a party last night.
2. The children______________(eat) hamburgers at the birthday party yesterday.
3. Susan and Peter_______________(get married) two years ago.
4. They _ _______________(buy) a new computer and they_________(sell) the old
computer.
5. Mary________________(sleep) nine hours yesterday. She________________(be) tired.
II. Write negative sentences in past tense NEGATIVE FORM.Use didn`t
+ the verb .
1. They__ _____________(go) to the party last night.
2. My teacher______________(give) the examinations last class.
3. They__ ________________( eat) at a restaurant yesterday.
4. We____________________(spend) a loot of money in our party.
5. Most of our friends_______________(come) to the party last night.
III.Answer these questi ons. Give short answers: Ex: Yes,I did./No, I din`t.
1. Did you come to the university last Saturday?____________ ____
2. Did you study for the test yesterday?______ __ _______ ____
3. Did you work hard last week?____ ________________
4. Did your teacher give the exams last class?____ _______ ___
5. Did your friend study English with you?______ _______ __
IV. WRITE THE CORRECT FORM OF THE VERB IN PAST TENSE:
1.________________________________________________The weather was beautiful yesterday,
so we___________________________________________(go) to the swimming pool.
2. When I was a child , I____________________(want) to be an actress.
3. Shakespeare______ ______________(write) many plays.
4. Yesterday evening I_________________(watch) a funny film on T.V.
5. Last weekend I________ ____(stay) home , so I_________________(clean) the house.
V. WRITE THE PAST TENSE OF THE FOLLOWING VERBS and their meanings: 1.
Think___ ____ __ ____ __________________
2. Speak_________ ____ __ _____ ______________
3. Give_________ ____ __ ______ ________ _______
4. Take__ ____ ________ ____________ ___ ________
5. Lose_______ ____ __ _____ ____ _____ _______
6. Find______ ____ ___ ____ ____ ______ _____
7. Know___________ ___ ____ ____ ______ ____
8. Hear____________ _____ _______ _____ __
9. tell________________ ___ ____ ____ ___ ____
10. buy_______ ____ __ _____ ____ _____ _
Past Continuous
Forma de conjugación
SUBJECT+BE+INGVerb I SUBJECT+BE+INGverb del presente progresivo
WAS explaining the lesson We WERE studying se usa el verbo TO BE:
when they arrived. English when the teacher was y were
postponed the date of the + el verbo de la
test. acción
terminando en –ING.
You WERE listening to You WERE
the teacher when the learning S+TO BE+VING
bell
rang. English when they visited
you. Este tiempo indica una
He WAS having classes acción que estaba
when she called him. They WERE practicing sucediendo en el
the momento en que otra
exercises when the acción tuvo
bell rang. lugar en el pasado.
She WAS copying the
lesson when the lights They WERE writing on
turned off. their notebooks when the
It WAS working well teacher arrived.
when he checked it
EXERCISES:
1. Mary_ a letter to her boyfriend when Peter came. (write)

2. Peter the computer when I saw him (use)
3. We _classes when the teacher had to go out. (have)
4. They soccer at the stadium when the lights turned off.. (play)
5. It_ well when I received it(work).
LESSON SIX. USING COMPARATIVE AND
SUPERLATIVE FORMS
PERSONAL COMPUTERS
Some personal computers are as small as pocket radios, the smallest class of fully
functional, selfcontained computers is the class called notebook computers. These are
designed for those users who require a portable machine and are widely used today by
students and people who work in different locations. Today's desktop personal
computers are more powerful than the first PCs and can perform from 16 to 66
million operations per second.Some can even perform more th an 100 million. These
computers are used not only for household management and personal entertainment,
but also for most of the automated tasks required by small businesses, including word
processing, generating mailing lists and calculating accounting information. Today
computers are cheaper than in the past.
III. The underlined words are comparative and
superlative forms, write the meaning of these
expressions:
IV. Trans late the text using all the strategies and techniques .
READING PRACTICE 4
THE WEATHER IS GETTING CRAZY
Our planet is becoming hotter and hotter every year. Scientists said that it is due to a
phenomenon called the greenhouse effect caused by an increase in the amount of carbon
dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere which in turn produces important changes in the climate.
The greenhouse effect is the consequence of men’s neglected actions. The balance of nature
has been disturbed by the excess of CO2 originated in power stations, factories and cars
that burn fossil fuels. Besides that, the destruction of forests causes that less CO2 can be
converted into oxygen by plants. Consequently the CO2 in the atmosphere increases causing
the overheating of the planet.
Other consequences due to the overheating are:
- Oceans are becoming warmer every year.

- Polar icecaps are starting to melt.
- The level of the sea is rising.
The climate is changing, for: USA has hotter summers and less rainfall.
- Mediterranean regions may become drier.
I. Underline the comparative and superlative adjectives in the text.

II. Translate the text using all the techniques and strategies:
GRAMMAR SECTION. COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE
ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS
1. Adjetivos comparativos cortos
En los adjetivos comparativos cortos la forma comparativa se forma colocando –ER al
final del adjetivo:
Ejemplo :
Adjetivo comparativo
Hot_ hotter
Fat fatter
long longer
old older
Note que en los adjetivos que terminan en consonante y le antecede una vocal se ha
duplicado la consonante final antes de añadir –ER. Se coloca el THAN después del
adjetivo.
Ej: Mary is shorter than Lucy. Exercises
1. My sister is I am.(old)
2. Peter is _ his brother. (tall)
3. Susan is young _ Jane. (young)
4. John is_ _ Peter. (fat)
Forma superlativa
La forma superlativa de los adjetivos cortos se forma añadiendoEST al adjetivo.
Ejemplo : Adjetivo superlativo
old oldest
young youngest
Rich richest
Se coloca THE por delante del adjetivo,Ej: The richest man in the world.
Exercises
1. This is way to go there.(long)

2. Bill Gates is_ man in the world. (rich)
3. She is in her family( young)
4. Peter is_ of all his classmates.(strong)
Adjetivos de dos sílabas terminados en –y
Los adjetivos de dos sílabas terminados en y también forman el comparativo como los
adjetivos cortos, es decir se les añade –er o –est.
Ejemplo :
Pretty_ prettier
happy happier
Lazy lazier
Los superlativos serían así:
pretty_ the prettiest

happy the
happiest Lazy _the laziest
Adjetivos de dos sílabas que pueden usarse de las dos formas:
Hay adjetivos de dos sílabas que pueden usarse de dos formas, Unos añadiendo er o –est y
también comparando con more, o the most, como los adjetivos largos.
Estos son:
angr angrier more angry the the most

y angriest angry
cleve _ _ _
r
cruel _ _
_
friendly _ _
gentle _ _ _ _
angry _ _ _ _ _
handsome _ __ _
narrow _ _ _
obscure _ _ _
polite _ ___________________________________
quiet _ _
secure _ _ _
simple _________________________________________
. _ _ _
Adjetivos largos
Los adjetivos largos a partir de dos a más sílabas se comparan con

more + adjetivo+ than y la forma superlativa se forma con The most+adjetivo.
Ejemplo : adjetivo comparativo superlativo
famous _more famous _ the most famous
interesting more interesting the most
interesting beautiful more beautiful

the most beautiful
Exercise:
1. Love is_ than money (important)
2. This computer is _than yours.(expensive)
3. This novel is thn that novel.(interesting)
4. This is car of all.(expensive)
5. Peter is_ _in his class. (intelligent)
Los adjetivos irregulares
Los adjetivos irregulares o que no siguen las reglas mencionadas son :
Good_ _better than the best

Bad _worse than the worst
little _less than _the least
Far_ _further than_ the
furthest
Exercises.
1. Peter is_ studen than Carlos. (good)

2. Mary’s grades are than lucy’s grades (bad)
3. Catholic university is than Domingo Savio university
(far)
Adverbios terminados en –ly

Los adverbios que terminan en –ly se comparan con more than y su forma superlative es the
most.
Ejemplo :
Adverbio comparativo Superlativo
carefullly more carefully the most

carefully
slowly more slowly the most
slowly
easily more easily the most
easily
Exercises:
1. I drive than my sister) carefully)

2. Mary speaks English _than Jane. (fluently)
3. Students learn Math_ than English (slowly)
4. We did the last exercise_ than this one( easily)
Adverbios de una sílaba
Los adverbios de una sílaba se comparan como los adjetivos cortos, es decir con –ER y
–
EST.
Ejemplo :
Far further the

furthest
Hard harder the Harvest
soon sooner the soonest
Close closer the closest
Adverbios irregulares
Los adverbios irregulares se forman como los adjetivos irregulares y son:
well better than the best

badly worse than the
worst
far further that the
furthest
HOMEWORK
I. Write the correct form of the comparative:

1. I am_ student than Carlos.( Good)
2. Mary is tan Jane. (fat)
3. My sister is than I am (lazy)
4. This student is than the other student. (intelligent)
5. This book is than that one. (boring)
II. Complete the following sentences using comparative ad jectives:
1. This computer is than that computer(expensive)

2. This red dress is than the white dress. (pretty)
3. My brown shoes are_ _than my black shoes.(big)
4. This meeting is than the last meeting.(important)
5. Boys are often active than girls. (active)
III. Traduzca estas frases
1. A good example is the best sermon.

2. Debt is the worst poverty.
3. Stolen pleasures are sweetest.
4. He laughs best who laughs last.
5. The chain is not stronger than its weakest link.
LESSON SEVEN. USING PRESENT PERFECT
I . Read the title and make predictions about the content:
COMPUTERS
I will tell you the history of computers. Computers are not new. The first computer was
the abacus. It was used in China for hundreds of years. But, what is an abacus? An
abacus is an ancient calculator. You can do many easy and difficult calculations with
the abacus, but it can not work by itself because it is not automatic and it is not
electronic.
After the abacus, a man called Charles Babbage made the first calculator nearly 170 years
ago, in 1822. it was automatic but it was not electronic.
Later, in the 1940s, some English scientists made the first electronic computer in Europe.
It was too big to carry or move and it used a lot of electricity.
Since then, scientists all around the world have made researches to make it better. They
had to make computers small enough to carry and move easily. They had to make all the
parts smaller. As a result of these researches, computers have become smaller and smaller.
Some small pocket calculators today can do more difficult calculations than this first big
electronic computer.
Now, we have very sophisticated computers. They can do things that we could not imagine
in the past!
II. TRANSLATE THE TEXT USING ALL THE TECHNIQUES AND
STRATEGIES.
GRAMMAR SECTION. Presen t Perfect

El presente perfecto se usa en diferentes situaciones que explicaré detalladamente a
continuación:
1. Cuando hablamos de un evento en el pasado pero no es importante especificar el tiempo
o el momento en que ocurrió el evento, si especificamos el tiempo entonces debemos usar
pasado simple.
Ejemplo : I have visited United States. ( ? ) No h ay espec ifi cación de cuando suc edió. En
cambio: I visited United States las t year. ( se especifica al decir " last year" )
2. También se usa cuando algo nunca sucedió.

Ejemplo : I have never been in China.
3. Otra situación en la que se usa este tiempo es cuando la acción se repite varias veces.
Ejemplo : I have taken three tests during this semester. (repetición de una acción)
4. También se usa presente perfecto cuando mencionamos el momento en que se inició la
acción pero esa situación sigue vigente hasta el momento en que hablamos.
Ejemplo : I have been here since 9:00. ( La persona sigue allí.)
5. Finalmente se usa cuando damos la cantid ad de tiempo que duró la acción y continua hasta
el presente.
Ejemplo: I have been here fo r three hours. ( duración the la acción).
HOMEWORK
I. Fill in the blanks using present perfect or past tense:
1. Mary_____________________________ (be)at that work for many years.
2. Peter__________________________________(be) at the party last night.
3. They____________ ____ ________(work)hard since he was elected president of the
company.
4. We__________ _____________(go) to the same university.
5. She__________________________(go) to Brazil last vacation.
II. Write these sentences in the neg ative fo rm:
1. We have visited all the Bolivian principal cities.
________ ____ ___________ ____ ______ ________________
2. She has come to visit us many times.
________ ____ ___________ ____ ______ ___________________
3. He has failed the entrance test twice.
________ ____ ___________ ____ ______ ___________________
4. The children have already visited the zoo.
________ ____ ___________ ____ ______ ____________________
5. They have gone to the party very late.
________ ____ ___________ ____ ______ ____________________
III.Translate the fo llowing s enten ces:
1. Lucy has travelled to Miami many times.
2. Peter has gone to that university for two years.
3. They have eaten at that Chinese restaurant many times.
4. We have never visited the zoo in this city.
5. I have worked in this company since 1997.
IV. USE SIMPLE PAST OR THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
ACCORDING TO THE CONTEXT.(USE EL PASADO SIMPLE O
EL PRESENTE PERFECTO SEGÚN EL CONTEXTO)
1. I____________ ___ (move) to another neighbourhood in March.
I___________ __________(live) there for three months.
2. We_______________ (live) in New York from 1998 to 1999.
3. Since Peter came here, he__________________________(work) as a taxi driver.
4. My teacher was Miss. Pol. I___________________ (study) with her for one semester.
5. Juana Chavez speaks English well because she ___________________(speak) English all her
life.
6. Henry, who is now in hospital, he__________________(be) there for several weeks.
7. When I saw her, Linda__________________(feel) well.
8.______________________________________________________We __________ __(buy)
this car two years ago and I_____________________________________ (drive)
it 5.000 miles since then.
9. Up to the present, I________________________(Never, be) in Oruro.
10. My present boss is Mr. Johnson, I________ _______ _(work) with him for three years.
LESSON EIGHT. USING FUTURE TENSE
I . Read the title and make predictions about the content: _
HOW TO DEVELOP AN AWARENESS OF SOCIAL PROBLEMS
We must live as citizens of a society. Any society that we live in will have social problems.
As citizens we should be aware of the social problems of our society.
By studying social problems you will develop a background knowledge and an
awareness that will continue to grow. Any mention of a social problem in the mass
media or in public conversation will quickly catch your attention. You will find that
reading the newspaper or watching a news broadcast on television will become a more
important experience. As your awareness of the problems of the society continues to
grow, you will become a better citizen of your community.
I. Match the words with the definitions:
Citizen To _____a. to become greater, to increase
grow _______b. Person who by birth or by choice is a
member of a state or nation
_______c. to know, to realize
Broadcas t To
______ d. to send out by radio
be aware
II. Underline modal auxiliaries and sentenc es in fu ture tense.
III. Translate the article (Traduzca el artíc ulo)
READING PRACTICE 5
I. Read the title and an ticipate the conten t:______________ ____ ____
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Computers are also being used in games and in the area of artificial intelligence. In
1982 video games were a twobilliondollar industry in the United States, and figures,
such as PAC MAN had become part of the general culture.
Artificial intelligence is a fastdeveloping field . For example: the Japanese fifthgeneration
computer project has as one of its goals the development of new machines and new
approaches to artificial intelligence. The purpose of artificial intelligence is to produce
computer systems which solve problems like humans do.
Currently artificial intelligence researchers are busy developing programs which will allow
computers to play chess at a master level, to diagnose diseases like a doctor, and so on.
Researchers are also developing new kinds of computer circuits (hardware) to do this and
eventually some software to use that hardware will also have to be developed and current
computers will have to be improved.
TRANSLATE the text using all the strategies and techniques:

GRAMMAR SECTION. SIMPLE FUTURE SIMPLE
FUTURE
El futuro simple del Inglés se forma utilizando el auxiliar "WILL" y seguidamente el verbo de
la acción que se desea expresar en futuro.
EJ: I will go to your party tomorrow evening.
Si se desea negar se forma la negación con will+not y se contracta won´t. EJ. He
will not come to the party.
o He won´t come to the party.

En la forma interrogativa se coloca el "WILL" por delante .
Ej: Will you go to the party?
Las respuestas cortas se dan así:
Will you go to the university tomorrow?
Yes, I will / No, I won´t.
FORMA NEGATIVA:La forma negativa se forma con will+not y se puede contractar así: won´t
Examples: I won´t go to your party.

He won´t study at that university.
They won´t visit us next summer vacation.
La forma in terrogativa se forma ponien do el auxiliar por
delante, así: Yes/No questions: Short answ ers :
Will you come to the party? Yes, I will/No, I won´t.
Will she go to Miami next month? Yes, she will/No, she won
´t. Will they be at home next week?Yes, they will/ No, they
won´t.
Para hacer preguntas con palabras interrogativas , se coloca la palabra interrogativa en
primer lugar, luego el auxiliar will,seguidamente el sujeto y el verbo.
Example: Where will you go next year?
Complete answer: I will go to Miami.
Short answer: To Miami.
EXERCISES
I. A NSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS:
1. Will you have classes next Saturday?
2. Will you come to the University tomorrow?
3. Will you finish your studies in two years?
4. Will you have an examination next class ?
II................Write
these sentences in fu ture tense, use future tense
expressions, like:Tomorrow, next....in ,etc .
Ex: I go to the university everyday_____I will go to the university in one year.
1. They come to the house every week.
2. Peter studies engineering this semester.
3.Jane works at a bank this year.
4. We have lunch at a restaurant today.
5. They buy a car every year.
III.Write negative sentences using " Won´t"
1. He will come to my house tonight.
2. They will visit us next vacation.
3. I will work for that company next
year. FUTURE USING BE+GOING TO+ VERB
El futuro próximo se forma utilizando el auxiliar “to be” más la expresión “going to” más el
verbo que expresa la acción, así:
ex: I am going to go to the meeting tomorrow (be+
going to+ v)
She is going to h ave a party tonight.

They are going to come to my house.
Cuando se quiere negar se niega usando el auxiliary “To be”,

así: I am not going to go to the meeting tomorrow.
She isn’t going to have a party tonight. They
aren’t going to come to my house.
La forma interrogativa es invirtiendo el verbo “To be”, así:

Are you going to come to my house? Yes, I am. o No, I am not. Is
he going to have a party? Yes, he is. o No, he isn’t.
Am I going to p lay tomorrow? Yes, you are. o No, you aren’t.

FUTURE WITH “ BE+GOING TO” +VERB
Subject + be + going to + verb Explanation
Ex: I am going to study Se traduce como “ ir a”
hard (Yo voy a estudiar I am going to study

Yo voy a estudiar
fuerte)
Expresa tiempo futuro, sirve para
She is going to practice ballet. hablar sobre algo que usted ha
decidido o planeado hacer con
( Ella va a practicar ballet) anticipac ión.
They are going to hav e a
party. ( Ellos van a tener
una fiesta.)
HOMEWORK
I. Translate these sentences :

1. You will never forget me.______________ ___ _________________
2.The meeting will be on time. ________________ _______ _______
3. They will go to the seminar about Marketing______________ ____ ____
4. She won´t study in Europe, she will go to United States.____________
________ ____ ___________ ____ ______ ___________________
5. We won´t have classes next Summer, we will have vacation.
________ ____ ___________ _____
II. GIVE SHORT ANSWERS TO THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS:
1. Will you go to classes next Saturday?
2. Will they come to visit their mother tomorrow?
3. Will your sister finish her homework on time?
4. Will you have good grades next semester ?
CHANGE THESE SENTENCES IN SIMPLE FUTURE TO THE FUTURE
WITH BE+GOING TO
1. I will go out with Peter tomorrow._____________ _______ ___

2. They will invite you to their party._______________ _______ ___
3. Mary will get married tomorrow.______________ _______ ___
4. The teacher will take a test next class.____________________ ___
5. The students will study for the test this weekend.___________ ____
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS.(SHORT ANSWERS)
1. Are you going to study English?____ ____ ___ __

2. Is he going to come to class tomorrow?__________ __
3. Are the students going to go to the library tomorrow?____
4. Is Lucy going to be on time next meeting?_______ ____
5. Are they going to play soccer with us?_________ ______
WRITE A SHORT COMPOSITION TALKING ABOUT

YOUR PLANS FOR
THE FUTURE:
LESSON NINE. USING MODAL AUXILIARIES
ELECTRONIC MAIL
Electronic mail, or email, is a way of sending messages between computers. The

messages may contain text, pictures, graphics, photographs, sounds and video clips.
You can interchange messages with email with computers around the world, often at a
high speed. For instance, an email message sent from a computer in the United States
can appear on a computer screen in Bolivia within seconds.
It should be the most common way of communication in the future.
I. Match the words with their Sp anish meaning :
1. between _______a. velocidad
2. screen _______b. entre
3. speed _______c. pantalla
4. appear _______d. aparecer
II. Answer these questions.
1. What do the messages contain?
2. What can you interchange with email?
3. How long does it take to send and receive a message ?
III.TRANSLATE THE TEXT USING ALL THE TECHNIQUES AND
ESTRATEGIES
READING PRACTICE 6 BUYING A
COMPUTER
When you buy a new PC (personal computer), it usually has some software already
installed on its hard drive. Other software comes on floppy disks or CDROM`s, and you
can also get software from the internet. There is one type of software that every PC
must have: an operating system such as Windows.Then there are many other types of
programs that you can buy, depending on what you want your computer to do. These
different programs are also called applications.
I. Match the following words with their meaning:
1. floppy disks a_____________computadora personal
2. operating system b____________disco duro
3. Personal computer (PC) c_____________disco blando
4. hard drive e____________sistema operativo
II. Answer the following questions:
1. According to the article, what type of software must every PC have?
2. What sort of software can you choose according to your needs? III
Translate the text using all the techniques and strategies:
EL USO DEL AUXILIAR CAN Y COULD
El auxiliar can sirve para indicar que se posee una habilidad en tiempo presente o con
connotaciones de tiempo futuro.
EJ:
I can dance salsa. (present)
Negative: I can´t dance salsa.
I can go to your house tomorrow.(future)
El auxiliar COULD sirve para expresar una habilidad que teníamos en el pasado.
EJ: I could speak Portuguese when I was a child. (Past)
Negative: I couldn’t speak Portuguese when I was a child. Exercises
1. Fill in the blanks using can or could.

1. Peter______________swim when he was a child. (negative)
2. Christopher Reeve______ ____ ____walk now. He___ ____ ride a horse before
his accident.
3. I __________________speak French. (positive)
4. She ______ ____ ____use the computer last year, but now she_______________use it very
well. (negative and positive)
GIVING PERMISSION: CAN AND MAY:
Para dar o pedir permiso se utiliza más MAY para situaciones formales y CAN para
situaciones informales.
EJ: Mom, can I go to the movies? (informal)
Please, Sir, may I open the window? (formal)
Exercise
1. Hi, Susan!____________you come with me to the party?
2. I need to print this page,____________I use your computer, teacher?
3. Let´s begin the class,__________________you open your books, please?
4. Hey, Peter,_________________you lend me some money?
5. I am on a diet________________I eat that sandwich?
6. When you finish the test, you____________go.
7. You______________pay the bill by mail.
8. If you finish your homework, you____________watch your favourite program on T.V.
EXPRESSING NECESSITY: MUST and HAVE TO
MUST y HAVE TO expresan necesidad. Algunas veces MUST expresa la necesidad un poco
más fuerte que el HAVE TO, es como una obligación, un deber.
Exercises
1. All applicants______________________take an entrance exam.
2. Michael_______________be at the university at 7:00 to take the test.
3. Peter is 25 years old and he got married so he____________work to earn his living.
4. Susan has another car accident. She_______________have a life insurance.
5. You___________________have a passport to travel abroad.
Expressing advisability : SHOULD

El auxiliar SHOULD sirve para expresar sugerencia o consejo.
Se puede usar negativamente: shouldn´t (no debería)
Ej: You are getting some weight, you should be on a diet.
You are smoking too much, you should stop smoking.
Exercises
Use should or shouldn´t
1. You_________________study harder or you will fail the course.

2. You_________________leave your keys inside the car.
3. He_______________clean his room, it’s very dirty.
4. I_____________study tonight but I have a party.
5. We________________work hard this week or we will not finish it.
EXPRESSING POSSIBILITY: MAY and MIGHT

May y Might expresan posibilidad. Su significado es casi el mismo, aunque a veces might
indica menos posibilidades que may.
Ej: I may go to the party, but I am not sure because I have to finish some
work. It might rain, the sky is dark.
Exercises:
1. I need some books, I______________go to the library today.
2. John is sick, he___________not go to school.
3. Why isn’t Mary at the party? She____________be late.
4. I am not interested in that conference, I____________stay home and watch a film.
5. Where is Peter?. Idon´t know, He______________be at work.
EXPRESSING PROBABILTY: MUST
Se usa must para expresar probabilidad, es decir que hay más pruebas para pensar que
sea cierto que cuando hablamos de posibilidad.
Ej: I saw Mary coughing and running a fever yesterday, she must be very sick
today. Exercises
1. Why isn’t John in class?
He____________be sick.Usually he is in class but when I saw him last night, he wasn´t
feeling good.
2. Susan, you have worked very hard, you_______________feel very tired.
3. Hello! May I speak to Henry?
Sorry, you____________have the wrong number. There is nobody here with
that name.
4. Edwin bought a diamond ring for his wife.He______________be a rich man.
5. I have lived here for more than two years without visiting my family.
Oh, you_____________________miss them very much!
LESSON TEN. USING PASSIVE VOICE
I. Read the title: What is this reading going to be about?
II. Skimming: Read the text quickly to get a general idea, underline cognates and circle the
unknown words to look them up in your dictionary after finishing the reading:
EMAIL
In the business world, postal mail and telephone calls are now being replaced by
electronic mail messages that move across internet. Email and virtual private networks
(VPNS) are worldwide used. These services allow endusers to reduce communication costs
and improve efficiency.
But, how does email work?
1. A message sender uses mail software to compose a document.

2. The message is sent to a mail server previously chosen by the sender.
3. Internet mail addresses are used. Routers read the message to find the destination and
place the message in the receiver’s mailbox.
4. The receiver´s software can then open the message.
III. Comprehension questions:
1. What has replaced the postal mail and the telephone calls?
2. What advantages get the end – users with the email and virtual private networks?
IV. Underline the sentences that are written in passive voice and
change them to the active voice:
V. Translate the text:
GRAMMAR SECTION. THE PASSIVE VOICE
I. FORMING THE PASSIVE (Formando la voz pasiva)
EXAMPLES:
ACTIVE: Betty helped the children.

S V O
PASSIVE: The children were helped by Betty.

S V O
EXPLANATION (Explicación)
En la voz pasiva el objeto de la voz activa pasa a ser el sujeto, en el ejemplo dado the
children
que era objeto del verbo activo pasa a ser el sujeto del verbo pasivo.
El sujeto del verbo activo pasa a ser objeto de la voz pasiva precedido por by. EJ: by Betty.
FORM OF THE PASSIVE: BE+

II.
PAST PARTICIPLE EXAMPLES:

ACTIVE PASIVE
Betty helps the children. The children are helped by Betty.

: Betty is helping the children. The children are being helped by
Betty. Betty has helped the children. The children have been helped by
Betty.
Betty helped the children The children were helped by Betty.
: Betty was helping the children. The children were being helped by
Betty. Betty had helped the children. The children had been helped by
Betty. Betty will help the children. The children will be helped by Betty.
Betty is going to help the children. The children are going to be helped by
Betty.
Betty will have helped the children. The children will have been helped by
Betty.
EXERCISES
I. Change the active to the passive:
1. Peter paints the door.

2. Peter is painting the door. _
3. Peter has painted the door. _
4. Peter painted the door.
5. Peter was painting the door._ _
6. Peter had painted the door. _
7. Peter is going to paint the door.
8. Is Peter painting the door?_
9. Did Peter paint the door?
II. Change these sentences to passive :
1. García Marquez wrote that book.

2. The teacher is going to explain the lesson.
3. Peter is writing the report. _

4. John has suggested a new idea._
5. I have sent the letter. _
III.Use words from the list to complete the passive sentences:
Build surprise
Divide invent
Expect offer
Kill surround
Cause report
1. A new building next year in this town.

2. An island _ _by water.
3. Yesterday, I a job at an oil company, but I
didn`t accept it.
4. I read that a hunter _by another hunter accidentally.
5. The fatal accident_ on T.V yesterday evening.
6. The children by their parents with the new toys.
7. The class in groups by the teacher tight now.
8. The plane to be on time.

9. The damage by the fire.
10. The telephone _by Graham Bell.
IV. Write the missing information:
1. Paper_ (take) from the pile of the tray.

2. The printer_ (use) to print the texts.
3. This operating system (design) by Bell Laboratories.
4. The play (perform) by the best actors.
V. Change these sentences to the active verbs:
1. This book was written by Isabel Allende.

2. The new building was built by Japanese engineers.
3. The song was recorded on CD by Peter.
4. The report is being filled in by the director.
5. The homework has been reviewed by the teachers.
VI. WRITE YOUR OWN SENTENCES IN PASSIVE VOICE.
HOMEWORK
I. Change these sentences to the passive:
1. Shakespeare wrote “Romeo and Juliet”
2. Leonardo Da Vinci painted the famous painting “Mona Lisa”
3. Thomas Alba Edison invented the electric bulb.
4. Charles Babbage designed the first modern computer.
5. The French scientist Blaise Pascal invented a calculator made of wheels and cogs.
6. IBM introduced the personal computer in 1981.
7. Bell Laboratories designed the operating system for minicomputers.
8. Professionals known as computer programmers write software.
9. Hackers create software to destroy another computer’s program.
10. Microsoft has sold a lot of creative software.
II. Change these sentences to the active verbs:
1. Some flowers were sent by Peter to Mary.

_
2. The message is opened by the receiver’s software.
3. The documents were delivered by courier.
4. Old technology has been replaced by new technology.
5. Virtual platform are used by the teachers to help their students.

ANEXO # 1
COMMONLY USED IRREGULAR VERBS
PRESENT PAST PAST SPANISH

PARTICIPLE
1. Arise Arose Arisen Levantarse
2. Awake Awoke Awaken Despertarse
3. be Was/were Been Ser/estar
4. Bear Bore Borne Soportar/producir
5. Beat Beat Beaten Golpear
6. Become Became Become Convertirse
7. Begin Began Begun Comenzar
8. Bend Bent Bent Doblar
9. Bet Bet Bet Apostar
|0. Bind Bound Bound Atar/Unir
11.- Bite Bit Bitten Morder
12.- Bleed Bled Bled Sangrar
13.- Blow Blew Blown Soplar
14.- Bring Brought Brought Traer
15.- Build Built Built Construir
16.- Burn Burnt Burnt Quemar
17.- Burst Burst Burst Remendar
18.- Buy Bought Bought Comprar
19.- Cast Cast Cast Lanzar/echar
20.- Catch Caught Caught Coger/agarrar
21.- Choose Chose Chosen Elegir/escoger
22.- Come Came Come Venir
23.- Cost Cost Cost Costar
24.- Creep Crept Crept Gatear/arrastrarse
25.- Cut Cut Cut Cortar
26.- Dare Dared Dared Osar/atreverse
27.- Deal Dealt Dealt Negociar
28.- Dig Dug Dug Cavar
29.- Do Did Done Hacer
30.- Draw Drew Drawn Dibujar
31. Drink Dra Drun Beber
32. - Drive nk k Conduci
33. - Eat Dro Drive r
34. - Fall ve n Comer
35. - Feed Ate Eate Caer
36. - Feel Fell n Alimenta
37. - Fight Fed Falle r Sentir
38. - Find Felt n Pelear
39. - Fly Fou Fed Encontr
40. - ght Felt ar Volar
Forbide Fou Foug Prohibir
41. - Forget nd ht Olvidar
42. - Fle Foun Perdon
Forgive
w d ar
43. -
Freeze Forbad Flow congel
e n ar
44. - Get
Forgot Forbidd lograr/consegui
45. - Give
Forgav en r dar
46. - Go
e Forgott ir
47. - Grind
Froze en mol
48. - Grow
(up) Got Forgiv er
49. - Hang Gave en cultivar/crecer
50. - Have Went Frozen colgar
51. - Hear Groun Gotten ten
52. - Hide d Given er
53. - Hit Grew Gone oir
54. - Hold Hung Groun esconder
55. - Hurt Had d golpear
56. - Heard Grown abrazar/sosten
keep Hid Hung er
57.- Hit Had lastimar/herir
Kneel Hel Heard guardar/manten
58. d Hidden er arrodillarse
Know Hurt Hit saber/conocer
59. - Lead Kep Held liderizar/guiar
60. - t Hurt apoyarse
Knel Kept salir/partir
Lean t Knel prestar
61.- Kne t permitir
Leave w Know echarse/yacer
62. Led n
Lend Lent Led
63. - Let Left Lean
64. - lie Lent t Left
Let Lent
Lay Let
Lain
65. Light Lit Lit encender
66. - Lose Lost Lost perder
67. - Make Mad Mad hacer/cometer
68. - Mean e e significar
69. - Meet Mea Mea conocer/encontrarse
70. - Owe nt nt deber (algo)
71. - Pay Met Met pagar
72. - Put Ow Ow poner
73. - Quit ed ed dejar/abandon
74. - Read Pai Pai ar leer
75. - Ride d d montar/subir
76. - Ring Put Put tocar/sonar
77. - Rise Quit Quit levantarse/sur
78. - Run Rea Rea gir
79. - Say d d correr/administr
80. - See Rod Ridd ar decir
81. - Seek e en ver
82. - Shake Ran Run busc
83. - Sell g g ar
84. - Send Ros Ris sacudir/temblar
85. - Set e en vender
86. - Shave Run Run enviar
87. - Shine Sai Sai colocar/instal
88. - Shoot d d ar rasurarse
89. - Show Saw See brillar
90. - Shrink Sou n disparar
91. - Shut ght Sou mostrar
92. - Sing Sho ght encoger
93. - Sink ok Shak cerrar
Sol en cantar
94. - Sit
d Sold hundirse
95. - Sleep
Sen Sent sentarse
96. - Slide
t Set dormir
97. - Slit
Set Shav resbalar
98. - Speak
shav en rajar
ed Sho hablar
sho ne
ne Shot
shot Sho
show wn
ed Shru
shra nk
nk Shut
shut Sun
sang g
sank Sun
sat k
slept Sat
slid Slep
slit t Slid
spok Slit
e Spok
en
99. Speed spe Spe acelerar
100.Spend d d pasar/gastar
101. Spin spe Spe girar/dar
102.Split nt nt vueltas
103. Spread spu Spu desunir/rajar
104. Spring n n esparcir
105. Stand split Split
(up) spre Spre nacer/brotar
106. Steal ad ad pararse/aguant
107. Stick ar robar
108. Swear spra Sprun pegar/colar
109. Sweep ng g jurar
110. Swim stoo Stood bar
111. Swing d Stolen rer
112. Take stole Stuck na
113. Teach stuc Sworn dar
114. Tear k Swept oscilar/columpi
115. Tell swor Swum ar tomar
116. Think e Swun enseñar
117. Throw swe g rasgar/despedaza
118. pt Taken r decir/contar
Understan
swa Taugh pensar
d
m t Torn lanzar/tirar
119. Wake
swa Told comprender
120. Wear
ng Thoug despertar
121. Weave
took ht vestir/usar
122. Wed
taug Throw tejer
123. Weep
ht n casarse/unir
124. Wet
tore Understo llorar
125. Win
told od mojar/humedec
126.
thoug Waken er ganar
Wind
ht Worn enrol
127.-
thre Woven lar
Write
w Wed escri
understood Wep bir
woke t
wor Wet
e Won
wov Wou
e nd
wed Writt
wep en
t
wet
won
wou
nd
wrot
e
ANEXO # 2. NUMBERS
CARDINAL ORDINAL
1 one 1st. first

2 two 2nd. Second
3 three 3rd. Third
4 four 4th. Fourth
.
5 five 5th. Fifth
6 six 6th. Sixth
7 seven 7th.Seventh
8 eight 8th.
Eighth
9 nine 9 .Nine
th
1 ten 10th.Tent
0 h
1 eleven 11 .Eleventh
th
1
1 twelve 12th.Twelfth
2
1 thirteen 13th. Thirteenth
3
1 fourteen 14th.Fourteenth
4
.
1 fifteen 15th.Fifteenth
5
1 sixteen 16th.Sistennth
6
1 seventeen 17th.Seventeenth
7
1 eighteen 18th. Eighteenth
8
1 nineteen 19th.Nineteenth
9
2 twenty 20th. Twentieth
0
2 twenty one 21th. Twenty first
1
2 twenty two 22th. Twenty
2 second
2 twenty three 23th. Twenty third
3
2 twenty four 24th. Twenty
4 fourth,etc.
3 thirty 30th. Thirtieth
0
4 forty 40th. Fortieth
0
5 fifty 50th. Fiftieth
0
6 sixty 60th.Sistieth
0
7 seventy 70th.Seventieth
0
8 eighty 80th Eightieth
0
90 ninety 90th.Nienetieth
100 one hundred 100th. One hundredth
200 two hundrd 200th. Two hundredth
1000 one thousand .
10.000 ten thousand
100.1 one hundred thousand
1’.000.000 one million
ANEXO # 3. WAYS OF SAYING THE TIME
8:00 It´s eight o

´clock It´s eight
8:05 It´s eight –oh five
It´s five (minutes) after
eight 8:10 It´s eight ten
It´s ten minutes after
eight 8::15 It´s eight fifteen
It´s a quarter after
eight 8:30 It´s eight thirty
It´s half past
eight 8:45 It´s eight
forty five
It´s a quarter after to
nine 8:50 It´s eight fifty
It´s ten(minutes) of nime.
EXERCISE: Draw a clock with the time showed above:

ANEXO # 4. DAYS OF THE WEEK, MONTHS OF THE YEAR AND THE SEASONS OF THE YEARS
DAYS OF THE WEEK
Monday (Mon.)
Tuesday (Tues.)
Wednesday (Wed.)
Thursday (Thurs.)
Friday (Fri.)
Saturday (Sat.)
Sunday (Sun.)
MONTHS OF THE YEAR SEASONS
January (Jan.) Sprin

February (Feb.) g
March (Mar.) Sum
April (Apr.) mer
Fall
Winter
May (May.)
June (June)
July (July)
August (Aug.)
September (Sept.)
October (Oct.)
November (Nov.)
December (Dec.)
USING NUMBERS TO WRITE THE DATE
Month/Day/Year
4 / 7 / 07 = April 7th.,2007
WRITTEN FORM SPOKEN FORM
January 1st. January first / The first of January

March 2nd. March second / The second of March
October 10th. October tenth / The tenth of October.
ANEXO # 5. PARTS OF THE HUMAN BODY
1. Ankle (Tobillo)
2. Arm (brazo)
3. Back (espalda)
4. Body (cuerpo)
5. Bust (pecho)
6. Chest (pecho)
7. Chin (barbilla)
8. Ear (oído)
9. Elbow (codo)
10. Eye (ojo)
11. Face (cara)
12. Finger (dedo)
13. Foot (feeet=plural) (dedo)
14. Hair (cabello)
15. Hand (mano)
16. Head (cabeza)
17. Knee (rodilla)
18. Leg (pierna)
19. lip (labio)
20. Mouth (boca)
21. Neck (cuello)
22. Nose (nariz)
23. Shoulder (hombro)
24. Toe (dedo del pie).
25. Tooth (teeth=plural) (diente(s)
26. Tongue (lengua)
EXERCISE:
Draw a human body and label the parts.
ANEXO # 6. CLOTHES
1. Dress (vestido)
2. Shirt (camisa)
3. TShirt (polera)
4. Skirt (falda)
5. Blouse (blusa)
6. .Blazer (Saco)
7. Coat (Abrigo)
8. Suit (Terno)
9. Pants (Pantalones)
10. Jeans (Bluejeans)
11. Slippers (pantuflas)
12. Underwear (ropa interior)
13. Socks (calcetines)
14. Shoes (zapatos)
15. Sandals (sandalias)
16. Boots (botas)
17. Jacket (Chaqueta o chamarra)
18. Tie (corbata)
19. Scarf (chalina o echarpe)
20. Hat (sombrero)
21. Trousers (pantalones)
22. Bra (de brassiere, sosten)
23. Panties (calzones)
24. Gloves (guantes)
25. Tennis shoes Zapatos de tennis)
25. Sneakers (zapatos deportivos)
26. Raincoat (impermeable)
27. Sweater (chompa)
28. High heel shoes (zapatos de tacones)
29. Smoking (traje de fiesta para hombre )
30. Pajamas or pijamas (piyamas)

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INSTITUTO TECNOLOGICO MARCELO QUIROGA SANTA CRUZ

Empezaremos con la información básica sobre nombre y fecha de nacimiento. A

What is your ___ ? What’s your ____? – ¿Cuál es tu___ ?

Vocabulario básico de la temática de los datos personales: Nombre -‘Name’

What’s your name? – ¿Cuál es tu/su nombre? ¿Cómo se llama /te llamas?

What’s your surname / family name? – ¿Cuál es tu/su apellido? ¿Cómo se

My name is ____ – Mi nombre es ____ / Me llamo _____

I am ___ / I’m ____ – Soy ____

First name / Given name / Christian name – Nombre de Pila

Maiden name – Apellido de soltera

Middle Name* – Segundo nombre

Vocabulario básico de la temática de los datos personales: Edad – ‘Age’

What’s your age? / How old are you? – ¿Cuál es tu/su edad? ¿Cuántos años

I am ____ years old – Tengo ____ años

When is your birthday? – ¿Cuándo es tu/su cumpleaños?

Date of birth – Fecha de nacimiento

My birthday is _____ / My date of birth is _____ – Mi cumpleaños / fecha de

Place of birth – Lugar de nacimiento

I was born in ____ – Nací en____ / Soy de ____

My place of birth is ______ – Mi lugar de nacimiento es _____

Sr. Mr. / Sir, Mister – Señor, Don

Ms. M – Señorita o Señora, Doña

Mrs. – Sra (Señora)

Female – De sexo femenino; Hembra; Mujer

Male – De sexo masculino; Varón

Estado Civil – Marital Status

Otra información – Other information

Where are you from? – ¿De dónde es/eres?

I’m/ I am from ____ – Soy de _____

What’s your address? / Where do you live? – ¿Cuál es tu dirección? / ¿Dónde

My address is ____ / I live in _____– Mi dirección es ____ / Vivo en _____

Postcode / Zip code – Código postal

My address is ____ / I live in _____– Mi dirección es ____ / Vivo en _____

What’s your nationality? – ¿Cuál es tu nacionalidad?

My nationality is ____ – Mi nacionalidad es

Telephone number – Número de teléfono

What’s your Telephone number – ¿Cuál es tu número de teléfono?

My telephone number is ____ – Mi número de teléfono es ____

What do you do? What is your profession/occupation? Where do you work? –

Completa las siguientes frases utilizando la información que acabamos de ver_

1. What’s your _____ ?

2. What is your _______?

3. _____is your ________?

 ¿Cuál es su apellido de soltera?

4. What’s your ______?

5. _____are you ____ ?

 ¿De dónde eres?

6. ¿Are you ____or_____?

 ¿Es casado o soltero?

7. What is your ____ _____?

 ¿Cuál es su estado civil?

8. How ____ are ____?

 ¿Cuántos años tienes?

10. What is your ______?

1. Nombre o Sustantivo en inglés

ARTÍCULO DEFINIDO EN INGLÉS

The boy – El muchacho

The girl – La muchacha

ARTÍCULO INDEFINIDO EN INGLÉS

What is your _ ? What’s your ? – ¿Cuál es tu_ ?

My name is – Mi nombre es / Me llamo _

I am _ / I’m – Soy __

I am years old – Tengo años

My birthday is _ / My date of birth is _ – Mi cumpleaños / fecha de

I was born in – Nací en / Soy de

My place of birth is __ – Mi lugar de nacimiento es _

I’m/ I am from – Soy de _

My address is __ / I live in _– Mi dirección es / Vivo en ___

My address is __ / I live in _– Mi dirección es / Vivo en ___

My telephone number is – Mi número de teléfono es

3. _is your ____?

5. _are you ?

6. ¿Are you or_?

7. What is your _?

8. How are ?