Estrategias Dietoterapéuticas Iiff Keto Flexible
Estrategias Dietoterapéuticas Iiff Keto Flexible
Estrategias Dietoterapéuticas Iiff Keto Flexible
DIETOTERAPÉUTICAS
IINCD
UEM
2021
HMB
BETA-HYDROXY-BETA-
METHYLBUTYRATE
NO CONFLICT OF INTEREST
HMB
BETA - HYDROXY - BE T A -
M ETHYLBUTYRATE
“ATHLETES EAT AND TRAIN, THEY DONT DIET AND EXCERCISE” – PHD
ASKER JEUKENDREUP
Thus, skeletal muscles are understood to be a source of
myokines, metabolites, and muscle-derived molecules.
They mediate communication between distant organs to
adapt whole body metabolism to nutritional and
environmental pressures
HMB (Rai and Demontis,
2016; Whitham and Febbraio,
BETA - HYDROXY - BE T A - 2016).
M ETHYLBUTYRATE
HMB
BETA - HYDROXY - BE T A -
M ETHYLBUTYRATE
HMB
BETA - HYDROXY - BE T A -
M ETHYLBUTYRATE
RECREATIVOS
(FIN DE
SEMANA)
HMB FITNESS Y
WELLNESS
BETA - HYDROXY - BE T A -
M ETHYLBUTYRATE
ALTA
ELITE
COMPETICIÓN
NUTRICIÓN
DEPORTIVA
BETA ALANINA
LA REALIDAD EN MÉXICO Y LATINOAMÉRICA
PSEUDOCIENCIA
HMB
• TRATAMIENTOS IMPLEMENTADOS POR UN “COACH” “HEALTH COACH”
“INFLUENCER” SIN CAPACITACIÓN
BETA - HYDROXY - BE T A -
M ETHYLBUTYRATE
• PROFESIONISTAS DEL ÁREA (CIENCIAS APLICADAS AL DEPORTE Y LA SALUD) SIN
ACTUALIZACIONES CONSTANTES
ACTUALIZACIÓN • CAPACIDAD ACADÉMICA LIMITADA DE OPERATIVOS
• POCA INVESTIGACIÓN/PRESUPUESTO MUY LIMITADO PARA LA MISMA
DIETA FLEXIBLE “IF IT FIT YOUR MACROS”
Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2018 Sep 1;28(5):502-508. doi: 10.1123/ijsnem.2017-0323. Epub
2018 May 16.
A Comparison of the Nutrient Intakes of Macronutrient-Based Dieting and Strict Dieting
Bodybuilders.
Ismaeel A1, Weems S1, Willoughby DS1.
GRAMOS
GRAMOS
DE
DE HC POR
PROTEÍNA
DÍA
POR DÍA
HMB
BETA - HYDROXY - BE T A -
M ETHYLBUTYRATE
GRAMOS LITROS DE
DE GRASA AGUA
POR DÍA CALCULADA
• Uso a consideración y
criterio personal/relacionando
con la capacidad de
adherencia del paciente a la
HMBdieta. Es decir, para quien
BETA - HYDROXY - BEpuede
T A - ser?
• Cálculo siempre gr/kg/día
M ETHYLBUTYRATE
(individual)
• Evitar rebasar cálculos
standard para los deportes de
fuerza.
DIETA CETOGÉNICA
HMB
DISEÑO
• ESTIMULO DE LA
SÍNTESIS HEPÁTICA
DE CUERPOS
CETÓNICOS.
•LOW IN
CARBOHYDRATES •ÉSTAS MOLÉCULAS
• MODERATE IN SON UTILIZADAS
PROTEINS COMO FUENTE
• ENRICHED IN FAT ALTERNATIVA DE
PRODUCCIÓN DE
ENERGÍA EN TEJIDOS
DIANA.
La síntesis y utilización de KB está
regulado estrictamente tanto a
nivel hormonal como
transcripcional.
*Las histona deacetilasas eliminan los grupos acetilo, incrementando la carga positiva de las histonas y
por tanto la afinidad de éstas por el ADN. Este incremento de la unión condensa la estructura del ADN,
impidiendo la transcripción.
LA DIETA CETOGÉNICA ES UTILIZADA ACTUALMENTE PARA TRATAR EPILEPSIA,
PARTICULARMENTE FORMAS REFRACTORIAS INFANTILES Y ES EL GOLD
STANDARD PARA EL TRATAMIENTO DEL SÍNDROME DE DEFICIENCIA DE
TRANSPORTADOR DE GLUCOSA 1 (GLUT1 DS)
• PROTECCIÓN
NEURONAL EN
MODELOS DE
ALZHEIMER Y
PARKINSON
CETOGÉNESIS
OXIDACIÓN DE
DE ACIDOS
GRASOS/AMINO
ACIDOS
CETOGÉNICOS
AYUNO
PROLONGADO,
FORMACIÓN
EJERCICIO DE CUERPOS
PROLONGADO CETÓNICOS
TAMBIÉN EN
OCURRE EN LA
EPITELIO
MITOCONDRIA
RENAL,
DE LOS
ASTROCITOS Y
HEPATOCITOS
ENTEROCITOS
• EL TCA (KREBS)NO 1. Los bajos niveles de insulina
PUEDE MANEJAR LA incrementan la liberación de ácidos
GRAN CANTIDAD DE grasos. y, juntos, enzimas requeridas
ACETYL-COA Debido a dos factores para la síntesis de cuerpos cetónicos y su
utilización.
2. Diversidad del oxalacetato para nutrir la
gluconeogénesis en el hígado lleva a baja
de la actividad del TCA debido a la
reducción de los intermediarios.
MALONYL-COA ES
PRECURSOR DE LA
SÍNTESIS DE ÁCIDOS
GRASOS E INHIBE
CPT1
MALONYL-COA ES
PRECURSOR DE LA
SÍNTESIS DE ÁCIDOS
GRASOS E INHIBE
CPT1
REGULACIÓN DE LA CETOGENESIS
1.- La producción de KB
La lipólisis en
depende de la cantidad de
adipocitos es el primer
ácidos grasos disponibles
punto de control.
para la beta oxidación
hepática (FAO).
La actividad de CPT1
2.- ´Modulación del flujo de
es crucial para proveer
Acyl-COA a través de la
de ácidos grasos para
acyltransferasa de carnitina 1
la FAO mitocondrial, lo
(CPT1)
que lleva al acetyl-CoA
a la producción de KB
REGULACIÓN DE LA CETOGENESIS
INSULINA
GLUCAGON Principales hormonas
CORTISOL en la regulación
CATECOLAMINAS endócrina de la
HGH cetogénesis
ESTADOS
METABÓLICOS
• Ayuno
•Postprandio
•Postabsortivo
•Inanición
LA INSULINA INHIBE LA LIPÓLISIS,
DISMINUYE LA POR MECANISMOS REGULA LA
En el POSPRANDIO
CONCENTRACIÓN DE COMPLEMENTARIOS…. LIPOGÉNESIS Y LA B-
KB OXIDACIÓN DE AG
• LA INSULINA •LA REDUCCIÓN DE LOS NIVELES DE
PROMUEVE LA INSULINA CIRCULANTE ES EL
CAPTACIÓN DE PRINCIPAR EVENTO DETRMINANTE
GLUCOSA Y SU PARA ACELERAR LA CETOGÉNESIS.
OXIDACIÓN
ACTIVIDAD DE CPT1 ES
PRODUCIENDO GRAN
FOSFORILACIÓN E DESBLOQUEADA Y
AUMENTO DE ACETYL-
INACTIVACIÓN DE ACC OCURRE LA B-
COA MITOCONDRIAL.
OXIDACIÓN
REGULACIÓN TRANSCRIPCIONAL
LA ADAPTACIÓN A PERIODOS PROLONGADOS DE DEPRIVACIÓN DE ENERGÍA REQUIERE UNA
REGULACIÓN METABÓLICA QUE ES REGULADA TAMBIÉN A NIVEL TRANSCRIPCIONAL
1. INHIBICIÓN DE LA GLUCÓLISIS
2. METABOLISMO MITOCONDRIAL
3. MODULACIÓN DE LA TRANSMISIÓN NEURONAL
4. REGULACIÓN DE LOS NIVELES DE ÁCIDOS GRASOS
POLIINSATURADOS
INFLAMACIÓN Y SISTEMA INMUNE
Several recent studies report that the keto-diet could also slow down the rate of decline in renal
function, with better outcomes after the initiation of dialysis. Results of a single-center randomized
controlled trial addressing the rate of CKD progression revealed a 57% slower decline in renal function
with the keto-diet compared with a conventional low-protein diet (LPD).
The keto-diet allowed the safe management of selected patients with stage 4-5 CKD, delaying dialysis
for almost 1 year, with a major impact on patient quality of life and health expenditures. Therefore,
the keto-diet could be a link in the integrated care model. Careful selection of patients, nutritional
monitoring, and dietary counseling are required.
Liliana Garneata, Gabriel Mircescu,
Effect of Low-Protein Diet Supplemented With Keto Acids on Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease,
Journal of Renal Nutrition,
Volume 23, Issue 3,
2013,
Pages 210-213,
ISSN 1051-2276,
https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jrn.2013.01.030.
Jiang, Z., Zhang, X., Yang, L. et al. Effect of restricted protein diet supplemented with keto analogues in
chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Urol Nephrol 48, 409–418 (2016).
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11255-015-1170-2
Background
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the restricted protein diet (low or very low protein diet) supplemented with keto
analogues in the treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD).
Methods
The Cochrane library, PubMed, Embase, CBM and CENTRAL databases were searched and reviewed up to April 2015. Clinical
trials were analyzed using RevMan 5.3 software.
Results
Seven random control trials, one cross-over trial and one non-randomized concurrent control trial were selected and included
in this study according to our inclusion and exclusion criteria. The changes of eGFR, BUN, Scr, albumin, PTH, triglyceride,
cholesterol, calcium, phosphorus and nutrition indexes (BMI, lean body mass and mid-arm muscular circumference) before
and after treatment were analyzed. The meta-analysis results indicated that, comparing with normal protein diet, low protein
diet (LPD) or very low protein diet (vLPD) supplemented with keto analogues (s(v)LPD) could significantly prevent the
deterioration of eGFR (P < 0.001), hyperparathyroidism (P = 0.04), hypertension (P < 0.01) and hyperphosphatemia (P < 0.001).
No differences in BUN, Scr, Albumin, triglyceride, cholesterol, hemoglobin, calcium and nutrition indexes were observed
between different protein intake groups.
Conclusion
Restricted protein diet supplemented with keto analogues (s(v)LPD) could delay the progression of CKD effectively without
causing malnutrition.
Ketoacid (KA) analogues of essential amino acids
(EAAs) provide several potential advantages for
people with advanced chronic kidney disease
(CKD).
• BASADO EN EL MODELO DE AUTOFAGIA DEL DR. YOSHINORI OSHUMI (JAPONÉS), QUIEN OBTUVO
EN EL 2016 EL PREMIO NOBEL DE MEDICINA
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dtI
Nutrition ReviewsVR Vol. 73(10):661–674
9GGXqV-M
IIFF
Intermittent fasting is a broad term that encompasses a variety of programs that manipulate the
timing of eating occasions by utilizing short-term fasts in order to improve body composition
and overall health. This review examines studies conducted on intermittent fasting programs to
determine if they are effective at improving body composition and clinical health markers
associated with disease.
FAT
CARBS
Evidence is accumulating that eating in a 6-hour period and fasting for 18 hours can trigger a metabolic
switch from glucose-based to ketone-based energy, with increased stress resistance, increased
longevity, and a decreased incidence of diseases, including cancer and obesity.
Fibroblast growth factor
Hormone coded in
Is IIFF related to Ketone Diet?
cromosome 19
Brain derived
neurotrofic factor
Neurotrofinas
asociadas al factor
de desarrollo
nervioso
•In a nutshell, BDNF supports the survival of neurons and brain
cells, promotes synaptic connections between neurons, and is
essential for learning and long-term memory storage.
•BDNF also occurs in the kidneys, blood plasma, and saliva, but its
most important functions take place in the brain and central
nervous system
People with low BDNF levels may be more likely to have drinking problems, according to a 2019
study (Gorka et al.) that found associations between low BDNF, anxiety, and binge drinking.
Signaling pathways that control FGF21 expression in skeletal muscle and FGF21-mediated metabolic effect on different tissues. UCP1,
uncoupling protein 1; p21, Cdkn1a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A; SA-B-gal, senescence-associated beta-galactosidase; Nf-kb,
nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells; IL-6, interleukin 6; ROS, reactive oxygen species; ATF4, activating
transcription factor 4; UPR, unfolded protein response; FoXO, Forkhead box O.
FGF21 is a starvation-induced protein that is elevated after 7 days of fasting and
Front. Physiol., 17 April 2019 regulates the utilization of fuel to adapt metabolism in the late phase of the absence
| https://doi.org/10.3389/fph of nutrients (Fazeli et al., 2015). FGF21 is expressed in several tissues such as liver
ys.2019.00419 (Nishimura et al., 2000), adipocytes (Zhang et al., 2008), pancreas (Johnson et al.,
2009), and brain where it passes the blood-brain barrier (Hsuchou et al., 2007).
In Kim et al. (2013), it was found that autophagy inhibition, specifically in skeletal muscle, was protected from obesity
and HFD because FGF21 was dramatically induced in muscles.
Perooooooooo………
*The protein encoded by this
gene phosphorylates the alpha
subunit of eukaryotic translation-
initiation factor 2 (EIF2), leading to its
inactivation, and thus to a rapid
reduction of translational initiation
and repression of global protein
synthesis. It is a type I membrane
protein located in the endoplasmic
reticulum (ER), where it is induced by
ER stress caused by malfolded
proteins.
Front. Physiol., 17 April 2019 For years the search for the stimulus that initiates and maintains the change of excitability or
| https://doi.org/10.3389/fph sensibility of the regulating centers in exercise has been progressing. For lack of more precise
ys.2019.00419 knowledge, it has been called the “work stimulus,” “the work factor,” or “the exercise factor.”
Whole-day fasting is perhaps the simplest form of intermittent fasting and typically consists of 1
to 2 days of complete fasting per week plus ad libitum eating on the other days. Some programs,
however, allow food intake of up to approximately 25% of total daily energy expenditure on
fasting days
Whole-day fasting trials lasting 12 to 24
weeks also reduce body weight (3%–9%) and
bodyfat, and favorably improve blood lipids
(5%–20% reduction in total cholesterol
and17%–50% reduction in triglycerides).
Research on time-restricted feeding is
limited, and clear conclusions cannot be
made at present.
Future studies should examine long-term
effects of intermittent fasting and the
potential synergistic effects of combining
intermittent fasting with exercise.
If following this intermittent fasting protocol could lead to a concomitant decrease in fat
mass and increase in fat-free mass, it would be a beneficial and appealing dietary strategy
to many individuals.
If the time-restricted feeding window is short enough, it is conceivable that an individual would not
be able to eat enough calories to make up for the deficit achieved during the fasting hours
RESTRICCIÓN
CALÓRICA
PÉRDIDA DE RESTRICCIÓN
PESO DE AZÚCAR
BAJA DE
MODELOS DE
GLUCOSA
AUTOFAGIA
SANGUÍNEA
VENTAJAS
“NO TODO
MUNDO ESTA
HECHO PARA
DESAYUNAR”
DENTRO DEL
HORARIO DE
DISMINUCIÓN
ALIMENTACIÓN
DE GRASA
HAY COMIDAS
FRECUENTES
MEJORA LA
AHORRA
EFICIENCIA
PROTEINA
METABÓLICA
¨DON´T LET BAD NUTRITION GET IN THE WAY OF
GOOD PERFORMANCE¨