Tarea Okokiss
Tarea Okokiss
Tarea Okokiss
ALPHABET
Aa ( ei ) Gg ( Mm (em ) Ss ( es ) Yy ( uay ) yi ) Bb ( bi ) Hh ( eich ) Nn ( en ) Tt ( ti ) Zz (zi) Cc ( ci ) Ii ( ai ) Oo ( ou ) Uu ( ou ) Dd ( di ) Jj ( yei ) Pp ( pi ) Vv ( vi ) Ee ( i ) Kk ( key ) Qq ( kiu ) W (dabli) F ( ef ) Ll ( el Rr ( ar ) Xx ( ex ) )
NAME D I A N A di ai ei en ei C R U Z ci ar ou zi
SONG
Artista: Kansas Letras lbum: Point Of KnowReturn Ano: 1977 (Kerry Livgren)Dust In The Wind :
All we do, crumbles to the ground, though we refuse to see Dust in the wind, All we are is dust in the wind Don't hang on, nothing lasts forever but the earth and sky
Play
I yo I am ill. Yo estoy enfermo.
Play
You t, usted You are tall. T eres alto. / Usted es alto.
Play
He l Heishandsome. l es guapo.
Play
She ella Sheispretty. Ella es guapa.
Play
It ello (neutro) It is cold today. We nosotros Hoy hace fro.
Play
We are tired.
Play
You vosotros, ustedes You are angry.
Play
They ellos, ellas They are at the cinema. Ejemplo Ellos estn en el cine.
Traduccin ejemplo
Play
Me m Can you help me? Puedes ayudarme?
Play
You a t, a usted I can help you. Puedo ayudarte. / Puedo ayudarle.
Play
Him a l Can you see him? Le puedes ver?
Play
Her a ella Give it to her. Dselo a ella.
Play
It a ello Give it a kick. Dale una patada.
Play
Us a nosotros Can you see us? a vosotros, a ustedes Nos puedes ver?
Play
Os veo. / Les veo. I seeyou.
You
Them a ellos
Play
Ejemplos: Where is it [the book]? (Dnde est [el libro]?) What is its [the dog] name? (Cmo se llama [el perro]?) What time is it? (Quhoraes?) It is raining. (Estlloviendo.)
Nota: "It es una particula muy importante en ingls de la que los hablantes de lengua espaola se suelen olvidar.
Function (Funcin)
Dentro de los pronombres personales, el ingls distingue entre pronombres en funcin de sujeto y pronombres personales en funcin de objeto.
1. El pronombre en funcin de sujeto. Este pronombre en ingls, a diferencia del espaol, debe figurar siempre: o I am ill. (Estoyenfermo.) o Subject = I 2. El pronombre en funcin de objeto. Este pronombre se coloca detrs del verbo al que complementa o detrs preposiciones como "for", "to", "with" y "at". o I can help you. (Puedoayudarte.) o Subject = I, Object = you o Can you see him? (Puedesverle?) o Subject = you, Object = him o He is going to the party withus. (Esta yendo a la fiesta con nosotros.) o Subject = he, Object = us o It is [the letter] foryou.(Es [la carta] para ti.) o Subject = it, Object = you
TASK 1
Personal Pronouns.
1. El pronombre en funcin de sujeto.
Personal Pronouns.
EXAMPLE
I am ill. You are tall. Heishandsome Sheispretty Itiscoldtoday We are tired You are angry. They are at the I am veryhapy You are fast He isgood Sheisbeautiful It is a good school We are sorry You are glad Theu are goodpupils.
2. El pronombre en funcin de objeto. EXAMPLE: .Can you helpme? He gives them to me? Do you sometimes help him? He writesher? I makeit?
NeuterForm
Example
Where is it [the book] What is its [the dog] name? Itisraining. What time isit?
TASK 2
PossessivePronouns
Pronombres posesivos (en funcin de determinante del Ejemplo sujeto) My Your His Her Its Our mi, mis tu, tus (de t) / su, sus (de usted) su, sus (de l) su, sus (de ella) su, sus nuestro/a nuestros/as Thisismyhouse. Thisisyourbook. Thisishisbicycle. Thisisherdress. Thisisits (thecat's) home. These are oursuitcases. These are yourseats.
Traduccin ejemplo Esta es mi casa. ste es tu libro. / ste es su libro. sta es su bicicleta. ste es su vestido. sta es su casa. (la casa del gato) stas son nuestras maletas. stos son vuestros asientos. stos
su, sus (de ustedes) Their su, sus (de ellos) Pronombres posesivos (en funcin de pronombre) Mine mio/s, ma/s Yours His Hers Its Ours Yours Theirs tuyo/s, tuya/s, suyo/s, suya/s suyo/s, suya/s (de el) suyo/s, suya/s (de ella) su, sus nuestro/s, nuestra/s vuestro/a, vuestros/as, suyo/s, suya/s suyo/a, suyos/as (de ellos)
son sus asientos. These are theirbooks. stos son sus libros. Ejemplo Thisbookismine Isthisbook yours? Thisbicycleishis. Thedressishers. Traduccin ejemplo Este libro es mio. Este libro es tuyo? / Este libro es suyo? Esta bicicleta es de l. El vestido es de ella.
Thesuitcases are ours. Las maletas son nuestras. Theseseatsareyours. Thisbookistheirs. Estos asientos son vuestros. Estos asientos son suyos. Este libro es de ellos.
EXAMPLE
Thisismyhouse. Thisisyourbook. Thisishisbicycle. Thisisherdress.This is its (the cat's) home. These are oursuitcases. These are yourseats. These are theirbooks Thisismycar Thisisyourruler. Thisishisbutherfly. ThisishersweaterThis is its (the dog's) home. These are ourmaps. These are yourtables. These are theirtelephones.
Thisbookismine Thisbicycleishis. The dressishers. The suit cases are ours. The seseatsaryours. Thisbookistheirs.
Thisruleris mine Thisisyourtable Thiseraserishis Its shoes is are goog The pencils are ours This pen istheirs.
Function (Funcin)
En funcin de artculo determinativo del sujeto:
EXAMPLE
Her dress... Andreas drees
Washington is he capital of the United States Lima is the capital of the per.
Whereisyourmother? EXAMPLE He is at cars my parents? Whosebooksthis? Question (pregunta): Where is your sister? Whosedogsthis? Windows this? Whose Windows this? Whosepicturethis?
This(Este/a/o) That(Ese/a/o, aqul, aquello/a) These(Estos/as) Those(Esos/as, aqullos/as) Ejemplos: Singular and here (singular y aqu): I likethis car. (Me gusta este coche.) Plural and here (plural y aqu): I like these cars. (Me gustanestoscoches.) Singular and there (singular y all): I like that car. (Me gustaesecoche.) Plural and there (plural y all): I likethose cars. (Me gustan aquellos coches.)
Play Los pronombres demostrativos pueden ir acompaados de un nombre como vemos en los ejemplos anteriores, o pueden ir solos como en los siguientes ejemplos:
Play
Play
2. O cuando no estamos seguros de con quin estamos hablando al otro lado de la lnea o a alguien que no vemos por que estamos en un sitio oscuro o en otra habitacin: o Peter, is that you? (Erestu, Peter?)
Play
3. "This": Tambin lo podemos utilizar cuando presentamos a personas: o Lucy, this is my friend Jill. (Lucy, esta es mi amiga Jill.)
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4. "That": Tambin lo podemos utilizar para referirnos a algo del pasado: o That pizza wasdelicious. (Aquella pizza estaba riqusima.)
Play Nota: Tanto puede ser una pizza que acabamos de comer como una pizza que comimos en las vacaciones del ao pasado.
EXAMPLE I like this car. Plural and here I like these cars.
This is a good
book.
This is a good
telephone.
TASK 4
Ejemplo
Traduccin ejemplo Yo mismo lo v. No te quemes! / No se queme! Se hizo dao. Lo hizo ella misma.
yo mismo, a mi I sawitformyself. t mismo (a ti), usted mismo (a Don'tburnyourself! usted) l mismo, a si mismo He hurthimself.
Itself Ourselves
Thecatscratcheditself. Wemadeitourselves.
vosotros Pintsteis la casa vosotros Didyoupaintthehouseyourselves? mismos? / Pintaron la Yourselves mismos, ustedes mismos casa ustedes mismos? Themselves ellos mismos Theywerespeakingtothemselves. Ellos hablaban consigo mismos.
. I saw it for my self Don'tburnyourself! He hurthimself. She did it her self. Thecatscratcheditself. We made it our selves. Didyoupaintthehouseyourselves? They were speaking ot hem selves. We painted the house our selves I diditmyself
EXAMPLES MY SELF I said for my self I read it form my self I laid it for my self HIM SELF He hurt him self He undergo him self He win him self. He withdraw him self. He put him self. IT SELF The cat scratched it self. The dog tore it self The chiken undergo it self. The bear beat it self. Your self Dont beat your self Dont dug your self Dont hide your self. HER SELF She bear it herself. She beat it her self. She give it her self. She lean it her self. She tear it her self. OUR SELVES We made i tour selves. We begin i tour selves. We beat i tour selves. We know i tour selves.
YOUR SELVES Did you pain the house your selves. Did you sing the song your selves. Did you write the task your selves Did you paint the book your selves. Did you listen the lesson your selves.
THEM SELVES They were speaking to them selves They were listening to them selves They were looked to them selves They were dreamt to them selves They were undergo to them selves
TASK 5
Lo hemos hecho nosotros mismos. Pintsteis la casa vosotros mismos? / Pintaron la casa ustedes mismos?
Ourselves
vosotros mismos, Didyoupaintthehouseyour Yourselves ustedes mismos selves? Themselves ellos mismos
PronounsTable
Pronombres personales (funcin de sujeto) Ejemplo Traduccin ejemplo
I You
yo t, usted
He She It We
l es guapo. Ella es guapa. Hoy hace fro. Nosotros estamos cansados. Vosotros estis enfadados. Ustedes estn enfadados. Ellos estn en el cine.
Traduccin ejemplo
You
They
ellos, ellas
Me
Puedes ayudarme? Puedo ayudarte. / Puedo ayudarse. Le puedes ver? Dselo a ella. Dale una patada. Nos puedes ver? Os veo. / Les veo. Les puede ayudar.
Traduccin ejemplo
I can help you. Can you see him? Giveit to her. Give it a kick. Can you see us? I see you. He can help them.
Ejemplo
mi, mis
Thisis my house.
sta es mi casa. ste es tu libro. / ste es su libro. sta es su bicicleta. ste es su vestido. sta es su casa. (del gato)
tu, tus (de t) / Thisis your book. su, sus (de usted) su, sus (de l) su, sus (de ella) su, sus Thisis his bicycle. Thisis her dress. This is its (the cat's) home.
Our
nuestro/a nuestros/as vuestro/a, vuestros/as, su, sus (de ustedes) su, sus (de ellos)
stas son nuestras maletas. stos son vuestros asientos. stos son sus asientos. stos son sus libros.
Traduccin ejemplo
Your
Their
Mine Yours
mio/s, ma/s tuyo/s, tuya/s, suyo/s, suya/s suyo/s, suya/s (de el) suyo/s, suya/s (de ella) su, sus nuestro/s, nuestra/s vuestro/a, vuestros/as, suyo/s, suya/s suyo/a, suyos/as (de ellos)
Este libro es mo. Este libro es tuyo? / Este libro es suyo? Esta bicicleta es de l. El vestido es de ella.
Las maletas son nuestras. Estos asientos son vuestros. Estos asientos son suyos. Este libro es de ellos.
Traduccin ejemplo
Yours
Theseseats areyours.
Theirs
Thisbookistheirs.
Ejemplo
Myself Yourself
yo mismo, a mi t mismo (a ti), usted mismo (a usted) l mismo, a si mismo ella misma, a si misma l mismo, as mismo nosotros mismos
I sawitformyself. Don'tburnyourself!
Yo mismo lo v. No te quemes! / No se queme! Se hizo dao. Lo hizo ella misma. El gato se rasc. Lo hemos hecho nosotros
He hurt himself. She did it her self. The cat scratched it self. We made it our selves.
Yourselves
Themselves
ellos mismos
EXAMPLES
I
I am speak spanish I am a good student. Iam study the lessson. I am play the guitar. You are beautiful You are good You are bad
YOU
HE
He is fat He is careful. He is administration. He is afectionate. He isagreeable. She is clothier. She is companion. She is compatriot She is competitor Sheisconfident.
SHE
IT
It is airy. It is capacius. It is carcass. It is careles. Itis caricature. We are convicts. We are daintys. We are decisives. We are designer. We are demandigs
WE
YOU
You are chancellor. You are children. You are civilian. You are clerk. You are client They are carefuls They are carelees. They are cookies.
THEY
MY
This is my house. This is my dog. This is my cat. This is your book. This is your ruler.
YOUR
HIS
This is his bicycle. This is his dish. This is his watch. This is his box. This is his potato. This is her dress This is her leave. This is her knife. This is her mouse Thisisherchild
HER
ITS
This is the cats home This is the park This is the clasroom This is the TV This is the chalk
OUR
These are our suit cases These are our tries These are our daugther These are our sister These are our niece
YOUR
These are your seats These are your curtain These are your matress These are your brush These are yourletter
THEIR
These are their books These are their picture These are their mail These are their sweet These are theirorange.
PRONOMBRES POSESIVOS.
MINE
This book is mine This pencil is mine This calculator is mine this computer is mine
YOURS
Is this book yours? Is this screen yours? Is this atlas yours? Isthisdictionary?
HIS
This bycicle is his This videotape is his This information desk is his. Thismagazaneishis. The dress is hers
HERS
ITS
Its house is for you? Its Bookshelf is for you? Its notebook paper is for you? Its graph paper is for you? Its slide projectos is for you?
OURS
The suit cases are ours. The trubtack are ours. The seat are ours. The card catalog are ours. The microfilm are ours.
YOURS
These seats are yours. These bus are yours. These office bulding are yours. These lockes are yours. These Gym are yours.
THEIRS
This book is theirs. This looker roomis theirs. This mailroom is theirs. This copy machine is theirs. Thiscabinetistheirs.
PRONOMBRES INDEFINIDOS
Pronombre
Explicacin
Espaol
Singular
Plural
todo
otro algn, ningn, cualquier alguien, nadie, cualquiera algo, nada, cualquier cualquier lugar ambos/los dos cada, cada uno
da igual cuantos
Play anybody/anyone Play anything Play anywhere Play both Play each Play either Play enough Play every Play everybody/everyone Play everything
cualquiera persona
cualquier cosa
cualquier lugar
una o otra entre dos cualquiera personas o cosas (de 2) suficiente cantidad bastante
cada persona o cosa, cada, todos todos todas las personas todos
todo
Play everywhere Play few Play fewer Play less Play little Play many Play more Play most Play much Play neither Play nobody/no one Play none Play nothing Play nowhere Play one Play other
por todas partes una cantidad pequea (contable) una cantidad reducida una cantidad ms pequea
todos partes X
pocos, unos
menos
menos
una cantidad poco pequea (incontable) una cantidad grande muchos (contable) una cantidad ms grande la mayora, casi todos ms
la mayora
ni una o otra entre ninguno (de X dos personas o cosas 2) ninguna persona nada, ninguna persona o cosa ninguna cosa nadie ningn, nada nada X
ningn lugar X
un, uno
otro
Play others Play several Play some Play somebody/someone Play something Play somewhere Play such Play they Play you
otras personas, no nosotros ms de dos pero no muchas una cantidad no especificada una persona no especificada una cosa no especificada un lugar no especificado de un tipo ya mencionado gente en general una persona no especificada (informal)
otros
algo
algn lugar
tal, tan
ellos
tu
EXAMPLES
ALL The pencil is all the table The people isall the world The children is all the school. The peoples is a ll the hospital
ANOTHER
Maria is anhoter people. The information is anhoter. This is anhoterschoool Thisisanhoterbooks.
ANY
Any dogs and cats. Any to look. Any speak english. Any Listening to music. Any spoke spanish.
ANY BODY
There isnt any body home. There isnt any body school. There isnt any body bocks.
ANYTHING
Is anything good Is anything bad Is anything far from Ecuador. Isanythingdear.
ANYWHERE
I choose any where. I draw any where. He eat any where. Sheanywhereread.
BOTH
Juan both Rosa. The cat and the dog both beautiful. The guitar and maracas both are i instruments musicals.
EACH
The pen and the pencil each 20cents The orange and bananas each 30cent. The shoes and sweater each 50 cents. The ruler and book each 1.20 cents
EIGTHER
The house is cither the river and the mountain. The school is eithers the park and the church.
ENOUGH
I have enough bananas. She have enough potatoes. He had enough task Maria have enough fruits Luis have enough shoes.
EVERY
Every night in my house. Every spring in the park Every summer he sing. Every autumm she is happy.
EVERY BODY
Everyone is here already They have been waiting for you Everyone walk in the park. Everyone eat the fruts. Everyone wash the clothes.
EVERY THING
Every thing naturals are beautiful. Every thing are mine. Every thing of the past Everythingnormals.
EVERY WHERE
Every where exist the animals Every where play childrens. Every where fly the bee. Every where he had sing. Every where exist the poverty.
FEW
Twenty is few The few orange. One hundred is few One few diner in the bank Maria have few of cents.
FEWER
One fewer the diner Rosa and fewer of saving Twenty is fewer the two. Pedro had fewer years. Juan have fewer animals.
LESS
Rosa have less orange He have less of potatoes She had less of the 27pple.
LITTLE
The river havelitlewter. In the world had little wter. I have Little hair. She had Little the books.
MANY
Luis have many Money He had many friends. She had many sisters Jorge had many dogs. Theyhavemanyanimals.
MORE
I have more pencils She have more dogs. He have more tables. One day have more minutes. Juan have more money
MOST
The most of animals are mammal. The most of children play in the house and the school. The most of mans have cars. The most of women are beautiful.
MUCH
I have much Money. He had muchs clients. She have much cars. Pedro had much hauses. He have much animals.
NEITHER
Paty and Nicolas heiters are good. Neither Im like. Neither is bad. Neitheristall.
NOBODY
Nobody wants to work today. Nobody play in the school. Nobody speak in the clasroom. Nobody eat in the restaurant.,
NONE
None children have the task. None father leave the children. None car Im to pleace. None instrument musical is bad.
NOTHING
Nothing father is bad. Nothing children is ugly Nothing friend is good. Nothingtaskisdificult.
NOWHERE
Nowhere park is secure. One car is red.
ONE
Nowhere river is secare. Nowhere city is beautiful. Imnowere city have school.
One children have hunger. One woman dancing. One men play the guitar in the park.
OTHER
Other person dancing. Other men is bad. Other house is beautiful. Other pencil Im have.
OTHERS
Others persons studies. Others animals are bad. Other friends playing. Others childrens to fish.
SEVERAL
Several persons are in the church. Several womens have car Several childrens are students. Severalfatherhavehouse.
SOME
Some cars is in the park. Some animals is in the river. Some people is in the bank. Some friend a have computer.
SOMEBODY
Somebody left their their jacket. Its so cold outside ,Im sure they will be back for it soom. Some body sing in the church.
SOMETHING
There is something on the floor There is something on the nigth There is something on the noon. There is something on the tomorrow.
SOMEWERE
Imsomewere are butherfly. Imsomewere have trees. The rabit live in somewere. The flower is in somewere. Such as person
SUCH
THEY
They people have flowers . They speak english. They drink the wter. They cat some frutts. They are beautifuls. You friend is bad. You friend is tall.
YOU
You mother is my friend. Are you Reading your book. Are you writing a letter.
1
Q1 of 10: Where is David? _____ is at home.
His
She
He
Him
Q2 of 10: Can you help _____?
me
I we they
Q3 of 10: Where is the book? _____ is on the table.
He
It
She -Q4 of 10: _____ house is blue.
You It Yours
Your
Q5 of 10: These seats are _____.
theirs
them they their
Q6 of 10: Whose bike is it? Itis __________.
of Sarah
Q7 of 10: I like _____ book.
this
those these -Q8 of 10: _____ seats are ours.
That
This
-Those
Q9 of 10: Did you paint the house? Yes, we painted the house __________.
each other
2
Q1 of 4: Can you see ...
her
of she
hers
Q3 of 4: Did you paint the house ...
EXAMPLES
Were is Maria?She is at bus Were is Pedro?He is in the school Where is Pablo?He is in the house. Where is Manuel? He is at home You sweater is blue. It is red car. You house is black. She have one dess pink. It pen is the colour red.
whose is this? Is of Maria Whose bank is it? Is of Carla. Whose bike is it? Is of Carolina. Whose church is it? Is of Dayana
Where is the pencil?It is in the table. Where is the car?It is in the park. Were is the eraser? Is on the table. Were is the church? Is oposite the bank These tables are theirs. They have some Money. These seats are theirs They speak english and spanish. Theystudy the lesson. I like this table. I like this artis. I like this song. I like this fruits.
This shoes are ours. This sweaters are ours. This blouses are ours. This fads are ours.
Did you paint the car? Yes ,we painted car yourselves.
Did you hurt yourselves? when you see yourselves in the mirror when you see yourselves in the mirror did you hurtyourself?
Ejemplos:
MASCULINO/SINGULAR The boy (el nio) The book (el libro) MASCULINO/PLURAL The boys (los nios) The books (los libros) FEMENINO/SINGULAR The girl (la nia) The table (la mesa) FEMENINO/PLURAL The girls (las nias) The tables (las mesas)
Examples:
The chair The door The seat The hawk The dog The cat The car The ruler The pencil The book Este artculo puede ir precedido de las preposiciones "of" o "to". En ingls no hay contraccin de preposicin y artcula ("Del" = "of the" y "al" = "to the").
Ejemplos:
The days of the week. (Los das de la semana) I am going to the garden. (Me voy al jardn.)
Examples:
The name of my country is Ecuador I like the Catys car I like the Anabanthas music I like the Angie song I tried to play the guitar The monts of the year
Ejemplos:
What is the name of the restaurant? (Cul es el nombre del restaurante?) Do you remember the day we went to New York? (Recuerdas el da que fuimos a Nueva York?) Who is the president of the United States? (Quin es el presidente de los Estados Unidos?) The doctor is very good. (El mdico es muy bueno.)
Examples
What is the name of the city.(Cual es el nombre de la ciudad) Do you remember the day we went to ITALIA? (Recuerdas el da que fuimos a ITALIA?) Who is the president of the ECUADOR? (Quin es el presidente de los ECUADOR?)
2. Con los nombres de regiones geolgicas, cadenas de montaas, mares, ocanos, grupos de islas, ros y pases en plural.
The costal regin The rocky mountains The white city The islands tortoises The Sierra regin The Oriental regin The haway islands The ecuatorial regin The Ocean Pacific The Guayas River
3. Para hacer referencia a direcciones (right, left, top, bottom) y a los puntos cardinales (north, south, east, west).
Ejemplos:
the south of France (el sur de Francia) the house on the left (la casa de la izquierda) the top of the page (arriba de la pgina/la parte superior de la pgina
Examples:
The north of Ecuador Under the house In the center of the earth To the colombia south The church of the right The park of the center
The north of America The park of to the front The later part of the leaf The southeast of frica The house of up (EL NORTE DE AMERICA) (EL PARQUE DE AL FRENTE) (PARTE POSTERIOR DE LA HOJA) (EL SURESTE DE AFRICA)
Ejemplos:
the tallest building (el edificio ms alto) the strongest man (el hombre ms fuerte) the first time (la primera vez) the second floor (la segunda planta)
The house but high
Examples:
LA CASA MAS ALTA The boy but small The tenth time The first plant The dog but fat The airplane but quick The second time The hole but deep PROFUNDO The river but I release The third plant The fifth time
EL NIO MAS PEQUEO LA DECIMA VEZ LA PRIMERA PLANTA EL PERRO MAS GORDO EL AVION MAS RAPIDO LA SEGUNDA VEZ EL HUECO MAS
The smallest man The shortes pants The third place The littlest mouse The fourth King The river but big
The country but small The man but strong The city but it cleans The first part When Not To Use The Definite Article (Cuando no usamos el artculo determinado) 1. Cuando hablamos de algo en general.
Ejemplos:
I like ice cream. (Me gusta el helado.) Math is difficult. (Las matemticas son difciles.)
Examples:
I like natural science I hate math I like cold places America is big Rusia is the biggest continent.
The life is beautiful The school is pretty It is rich the chocolate The rosy one is a pretty color LINDO My dog is brave LA VIDA ES HERMOSA EL COLEGIO ES LINDO EL CHOCOLATE ES RICO EL ROSADO ES UN COLOR
The literature is difficult I like the poetry 2. Nunca utilizaremos "the" cuando nos referimos a la television, o cuando nos referimos a las horas de las comidas, los das de la semana, los meses del ao, las estaciones, los aos o la hora.
Ejemplos:
I do not like to watch television [TV]. (No me gusta ver la televisin [tele].) I have an appointment on Monday. (Tengo una cita el lunes.) We eat breakfast at 9:00. (Comemos el desayuno [Desayunamos] a las 9:00.)
Examples:
I don like to watch american idol I eat my lunch at 14:00 I like arrive at clases at 7:30 I hate Monday days I came at home at wednwsday. I don't like the soccer We converse in recess We eat lunch at 12h o'clock I don't like to dance 3. Con instituciones y modos de transportacin cuando estamos hablando en general.
Ejemplos:
We like school. (Nos gusta la escuela.) I go to work by train. (Voy a trabajo en tren.) They go to church on Sundays. (Van a la iglesia los domingos.)
We like the song I go to the school in bus They to the park on Saturday I go of walk in bicycle We like to laugh We like to travel They to the zoological one on Fridays I will swim on foot They to the school in taxi 4. No se utiliza el artculo con nombres de ciudades ni nombres de lugares en general, aunque hay algunas excepciones como hemos visto en el apartado anterior. Adems, no se utiliza el artculo con lagos o calles.
Ejemplos:
I went to Lake Titicaca. (Fui al lago Titicaca.)
My Examples:
I went to United states last month I like to travell to London I like to know Canada I see an accident in San Gabriel. I live in san Gabriel I went to the city of I Remove The Andes lives in the street I went to the river guayas I went to the new restaurant
Ejemplos:
a book (un libro) a pen (un bolgrafo) a chair (una silla) a girl (una chica)
Examples:
A tree A door A toothpaste A windou A shirt A car A bull A pencil A cow A bicycle 2. "An" se usa con nombres que comienzan por vocal.
Ejemplos:
an animal (un animal) an ice cream (un helado) an example (un ejemplo) an orange (una naranja) an umbrella (un paraguas)
Examples:
An Apple An ancient An opera song An day An angel An pear An oil bowl An house An montain An table Excepciones: Usamos "a" antes de las palabras que comienzan por la letras "u" o "eu" cuando estas son pronunciadas como el sonido figurado "yu".
Ejemplos:
a university (una universidad) a euro (un euro)
Examples:
A universo A dollar A school A orange A house
A market A church A river A cent A statue "An" se usa con palabras que comienzan con una "h", pero slo cuando esta no se pronuncia.
Ejemplos:
an hour (una hora) a hospital (un hospital)
Examples:
a leaf a thread a home an egg a hole a bone a print a tool a horseshoe a hyena
Indefinite
Article
(Usos
del
artculo
Ejemplos:
He has a computer. (El tiene un ordenador.) We work in a school. (Trabajamos en una escuela.) I want an orange. (Quiero una naranja.
My Examples:
I want a book I want a cake I want an orange We work in a project We study in a school We work in a theater He has a computer He has a store He has a business I want a scholarship
Ejemplos:
I want an apple and two oranges. (Quiero una manzana y dos naranjas.) There are a hundred students in the school. (Hay cien estudiantes en la escuela.)
Examples:
There are five schools in the city There are two stores in the neighborhood
I have five rocks You have two doves There are three giraffes I want a chocolate I have a doll There are two hundred cars I want twenty books I have three hundred colors You have two pairs of shoes There are three beds in my house
3. Se usa para referirnos a una cosa por primera vez. La prxima vez que nos referimos a esta cosa, utilizaremos el artculo determinado.
Ejemplo:
I live in an apartment. The apartment is big. (Vivo en un piso. El piso es amplio.)
Examples:
study in a school. The School is big I live in a city. The city is clean I work in a company. The company is pleasant I live with my parents. My parents are good I play in the park. The park is small I live with my friend. My friend is kind I work in the hospital. The hospital is sad I travel in the bus. The bus is slow Slip the museum. The museum is beautiful I study in the school. The school is particular
Ejemplos:
Maria is a doctor. (Mara es mdico.) Juan is an architect. (Juan es arquitecto.) I am a democrat. (Soy demcrata.)
Examples:
Pedro is veterinary Your you are honest He is respectful Mara is a chauffeur Norma is Baker Lola is a nurse. I am a student I am revolutionary Mauricio is painting Sofia is a teacher
se recomienda hacer ejercicios prcticos que sean variados y que nos ayuden a ver la diferencia entre ellos. En otros casos veremos que habr expresiones que simplemente tendremos que memorizar. Es altamente recomendable que el alumno lea diferentes textos de diferentes fuentes para facilitar el aprendizaje. Son unas de las preposiciones ms comunes que se pueden usar para indicar lugar o tiempo: in,at and on.
IN
Significado: en, dentro, dentro de Uso (lugar): Se usa para indicar tanto espacios cerrados como espacios abiertos. Lo utilizamos para indicar que algo est dentro de una cosa, en un lugar cerrado, o en el interior de algo fsicamente. Sin embargo, como vemos en los ejemplos tambin se utiliza para indicar que se est en un lugar geogrfico. Ejemplos: I live in Brighton. (Vivo en Brighton.) The cat is in the box. (El gato est dentro la caja.) I found your address in the phone book. (He encontrado tu direccin en la gua telefnica.) My parents arrive in France on Monday. (Mis padres llegan a Francia el lunes.) EJEMPLOS: She is in the table. I live in San Gabriel. The dog is in the house. She live in Mexico. The pencil is in the table. The board is in the school. The eraser is in the table. Carlos live in Bogot. Juan live in Macas.
Uso (tiempo): Lo utilizamos con meses, aos, pocas, partes del da, y perodos de tiempo (duracin). Ejemplos: We went to Mexico in May. (Fuimos a Mjico en mayo.) I always run in the mornings. (Siempre corro por las maanas.) I will see him in a week. (Le ver en una semana.) She was born in 1976. (Naci en 1976.)
EXAMPLES. We went to Canada in September. You went to Esmeraldas in December. He went to Ibarra in May. She went to Tulcn. Carlos was born in 1827. I always arrive the afternoon. I will see you in one month. Juan died in 1966. Carlos lives in medellin. He died in September of 1991.
AT
Significado: en, a, al, cerca de, tocando Uso (lugar): Se usa delante de edificios como casas, aeropuertos, universidades (para indicar que estamos dentro), antes de "top" (parte superior), "bottom" (parte inferior), "the end of" (al final de), para indicar acontecimientos como reuniones, fiestas, conciertos, deportes, etc..., detrs de "arrive" (llegar) cuando nos referimos a lugares que no sean ciudades o pases. Ejemplos: He is at home. (l est en casa.) I always visit my sister at work. (Siempre visito a mi hermana en el trabajo.) We eat at the table. (Comemos en la mesa.) I will see him at the theatre. (Le ver en el teatro.) Her name is at the bottom of the page. (Su nombre est en la parte inferior de la pgina.) When did you arrive at the airport? (Cundo llegaste al aeropuerto?) Play Uso (tiempo): Lo utilizamos delante de la hora y de fiestas. Ejemplos: He runs every morning at 6. (l corre cada maana a las 6.) I will see them at Christmas. (Les ver en Navidad.) Mara eats in the morning at 5 o'clock Salome walks in the afternoon at 6:30 o'clock. We eat in the house. They walk in the park. He is in the church. Pedro this in the park. Rosa works in the market. We study in the afternoon We read in the night.
ON
Significado: sobre, encima de algo, tocando Uso (lugar): Se coloca delante de nombres de lugares con base como mesas, suelos, etc, cuando nos referimos a lugares de una habitacin como techo o pared y para indicar que alguien est dentro de un transporte pblico o en una planta de un edificio. Ejemplos: The pen is on the table. (El bolgrafo est sobre la mesa.) They have a photograph of Paris on the wall. (Tienen una foto de Pars en la pared.) I am on the bus. (Estoy en el autobs.) Her apartment is on the second floor. (Su piso est en la segunda planta.) EXAMPLES. The pizarrn is in the wall. And l clock is in the wall. Tita this in the bus. Juan is in the moto. My house this in the second floor. Carlos lives in the third floor. The draft is in the table The handbag is in the seat The computer is in the table.
Uso (tiempo): Lo utilizamos con das de la semana, fechas y fiestas. Ejemplos: We went to Mexico on the first of May. (Fuimos a Mjico a primeros de mayo.) He runs on Mondays and Fridays. (l corre los lunes y los viernes.) I will see Luis on his birthday. (Ver a Luis en su cumpleaos.)
Examples: Carlos went to machala in December. Lisa went to Spain in September. He walks on Thursdays and on Saturdays. She studies on Sundays in the afternoon. I will see Martha in their marriage. I will see to luis in their party. Pedro eats in the restaurant on Mondays and on Saturdays. Juan attended the church on Tuesdays and on Fridays. He writes a book on Thursdays and on Sundays.io
Las preposiciones de lugar se colocan detrs del verbo principal, que suele ser el verbo "to be" (estar, ser) en cualquiera de los tiempos pasados, presentes o futuros y en sus formas tanto simples como compuestas.
NEXT TO (BESIDE)
Significado: al lado de, junto a Uso: Tanto "next to" como "beside" se pueden utilizar indistintamente. Utilizar una forma u otra depender del hablante y del contexto. Ejemplos: The supermarket is next to (beside) the bank. (El supermercado est junto al banco.) Sit next to (beside) me. (Sintate a mi lado.) EXAMPLES: The church this next to the park. The office this next to Mara's house. The market this next to the butcher shop. My house this next to the church. The park this next to the office. The bank this next to Juan's house. Police's station this next to the Pan-American one. The radio this next to the central market. The market of clothes this next to the theater.
BY
Significado: cerca, al lado de, junto a Uso: Se puede utilizar en los mismos contextos que "next to" pero el significado de "by" es ms como "cerca" en castellano. Ejemplos: I sit by the window. (Me siento a lado de la ventana.) Our house is by the river. (Nuestra casa est cerca del rio.) EXAMPLES: The church is next to the bank. The restaurant is next to the police station. The bank is next to the church. My house is next to the river. Rosas house is nexto the market She live nexto the park He dancing next to the bar. They listen to music nexto the bank.
BETWEEN
Significado: entre Ejemplos: The shop is between the bank and the train station. (La tienda est entre el banco y la estacin de tren.) She is standing between Peter and John. (Permanece de pie entre Pedro y Juan.) Examples: The table this between the bed and the closet. The cook this between the table and the refrigerator. The computer this between the closet and the table. I am stopped between carlos and juan. The seat this between the refrigerator and the ccosina. The broom this between the dog and the cat. The supermarket this between the park and the church. The restaurant this between the park and the church. Carlos this between Mara and Rosa.
BEHIND
Significado: detrs de Ejemplos: The church is behind the school. (La iglesia est detrs de la escuela.) He is standing behind you. (Est de pie detrs de ti.) Play
UNDER
Significado: debajo de Ejemplos: The ball is under the chair. (La pelota est debajo la silla.) The dog is under the tree. (El perro est debajo del rbol.) Examples: The cat is under the table. The dog is under the tree. The pencil is under the chair. The be is under the flower. The fly flew under the tree
ABOVE
Significado: por encima sin tocar Ejemplo: The clock is above the table. (El reloj est por encima de la mesa.) Nota: La traduccin literal puede llevar a confusin cuando la traducimos al castellano, ya que en castellano diramos: "el reloj est colgado en la pared." Si quisiramos especificar diramos: "y por debajo en la misma pared est apoyada la mesa." Play BELOW Significado: por debajo sin tocar Ejemplo: The table is below the clock. (La mesa est por debajo del reloj.) Nota: Como en el caso anterior, la traduccin literal de "below" puede llevar a confusin. En este caso diramos que la mesa est apoyada en la misma pared en la que se encuentra el reloj colgado un poco ms arriba. EXAMPLES: The door is below the window. The car is below the river. The telephone is below the table. The clock is below the door. The pencil is below the table. The eraser is below the door. The ruler is below the window.me (Preposiones de tiempo)
BEFORE
Significado: antes, antes de Uso: Se coloca detrs de verbos y nombres o sustantivos. Ejemplos: Ring [call] me before one. (Llmame antes de la una.) They arrived before me. (Llegaron antes que yo.)
They arrived before time They played before twelve o'clock You call me before the breakfast Lend me before recess We see each other before seven o'clock
AFTER
Significado: despus, despus de, tras Uso: Se coloca tras verbos y nombres o sustantivos. Ejemplos: We will see you after the movie. (Te veremos despus de la pelcula.) I arrived after them. (Llegue despus de ellos.)
I will see you after the party You arrived after Cristina We will see each other after mass You will go after her We will see each other after the dinner
DURING
Dont talk during the movie. (No hables durante la pelcula.) I dont like to watch television during the day. (No me gusta ver la televisin durante el da.)
Don't speak during the food Don't eat during the mass Don't laugh during the meeting I don't like to leave during the night Don't bother during the class
FOR
Significado: durante Uso: Se coloca detrs de verbos y nombres o sustantivos. Aunque signifique lo mismo que "during" no tienen exactamente el mismo matiz. Este se utiliza para expresar un perodo de tiempo ya sean das, horas, meses o aos. Ejemplos: I lived in England for three years. (Viv en Inglaterra durante tres aos.) He studied for the exam for one week. (Estudi para el examen durante una semana.)
I took a bath during one hour Converse for telephone during five minutes Travel during five hours I played the soccer game during twenty minutes I slept during eight hours
WHILE
Significado: mientras Uso: Se coloca tras verbos y nombres o sustantivos. Ejemplos: I will work while I can. (Trabajar mientras pueda.)
As while he/she waits He/she sings while he/she takes a bath He/she paints while it relaxes himself He/she converses while he/she waits I will sleep while he/she can
TO
Significado: hacia, direccin a (siempre indica movimiento) Uso: Se coloca detrs de los verbos de movimiento como ir, venir, volver, caminar, volar, etcEjemplos: Ejemplos: They came to the wedding. (Vinieron a la boda.) Sofia flew to Canada. (Sofia vol a Canad.)
The wine to the party. She studies in the school of Ibarra. Carlos flew to mexico. Juan in route to the house Pedro travels to the Chinese. Lisandro in route to the corner. The wine to the wedding. She came to the house. They traveled to Juan's house.
Completa las siguientes cuestiones y haz clic en el botn -Corregir Ejerciciopara obtener la correccin de este ejercicio.
at on in Q10 of 20: Peter and Susan always go to church ___ Christmas day.
on at
on in
at
Ejemplos: teacher (profesor) dog (perro) ball (pelota) table (mesa) party (fiesta) house (casa) happiness (felicidad)
EXAMPLES:
Car Pencil Board Table. Fly
Bee
Ejemplos: camera / cameras (cmara/s) pen / pens (bolgrafo/s) house / houses (casa/s) car / cars (coche/s)
EXAMPLES.
Cars Dogs Teachers Architects Doctors Kookies.
books toys choices
Excepciones:
1. Palabras que terminan en consonante + "y": la "y" cambia a "i" y aadimos "es" o Ejemplos: o party / parties (fiesta/s) o city / cities (cuidad/es)
EXAMPLES:
city cities (ciudad)
Party Parties Fiesta Fiestas Puppy Puppies Cachorro Cachorros Library Libraries Biblioteca Bibliotecas Country Countries Pas Pases Baby Babies Beb Bebs Sky Skies Cielo Cielos Lady Ladies Seora Seoras Fly Flies Mosca Moscas Company.
Ejemplos:
o o
EXAMPLES:
ENJOYS PLAYS BUYS FRYS MARRYS COPYS CRYS DRYS EMPLOYS FLYS PAYS SAYS STAYS
2. Palabras que terminan en "s", "ss", "sh", "ch", "x", "o": aadimos "es" o Ejemplos: o bus / buses (bus/es) o glass / glasses (copa/s) o brush / brushes (cepillo/s) o watch / watches (reloj/es) o box / boxes (caja/s) o tomato / tomatoes (tomate/s)
EXAMPLES:
Lunch lunches
bus buses brush brushes watch watches box boxes tomato tomatoes party - parties city cities.
3. Palabras que terminan en "f" o "fe": cambiamos la "f" o "fe" por "ves" o Ejemplos: o leaf / leaves (hoja/s) o wife / wives (esposa/s)
EXAMPLES:
Wolf Wolves Lobo Lobos Life Lives Vida Vidas Thief Thieves Ladrn Ladrones Knife Knives Cuchillo Cuchillos
Shelf Shelves Estante Estantes Half Halves Mitad Mitades Leaf Leaves Hoja Hojas Wife Wives Esposa Esposas Dwarf Dwarves Enano Enanos
EXAMPLES:
sheep deer moose fish trout cordero(s) venado(s) alce(s) pez(c-es) trucha(s)
serie(s)
2. Cuando el plural vara de modo irregular. Por lo tanto, no existe regla la cual se pueda seguir y hay que aprenderse las formas irregulares de cada uno. Singular man woman child person tooth foot mouse Significado Hombre Mujer Nio Persona Diente Pie Ratn Plural men women children people teeth feet mice Significado hombres mujeres nios personas/gente dientes pies ratones
Adjectives (Adjetivos)
Un adjetivo es una palabra que acompaa y modifica al nombre. Puede ampliar, complementar o cuantificar su tamao. Son palabras que nombran o indican cualidades, rasgos y propiedades de los nombres o sustantivos a los que acompaan. Ejemplos: the tall man (el hombre alto) a happy child (un nio contento) a dark street (una calle oscura) a Spanish woman (una mujer espaola) the red ball (la pelota roja) a cold winter (un invierno fro) the glass table (la mesa de vidrio) EJEMPLOS That Porsche was the most expensive car in the dealer. I'm the youngest man in the family. I think that driving a motorcicle is the most dangerous way to travel. We went to a fancy restaurant, where I ate the best dessert they had. I believe that drowning is the worst way of die. My sister is the most intelligent student in her class. At the museum, they had the oldest book i've ever seen. Although me and my brother are twins, he's always been the tallest. I believe hotmail is the best email provider. My mom is the greatest cook i know Types of djectives (Tipos de adjetivos) El ingls tiene seis clases de adjetivos: 1. Descriptive/Qualitative (Calificativos) fat (gordo), blue (azul), nice (simptico), hot (caliente), young (joven), round (redondo), long (largo), early (temprano)... EJEMPLOS big (big) - grande large (lardch) - grande huge - enorme small - pequeo
tiny- diminuto heavy - pesado light - liviano thick - grueso thin - delgado wide - ancho high - elevado low - bajo tall - alto short - corto, bajo long - largo medium - medio narrow - angosto deep - profundo shallow - playo broad - ancho
2. Demonstrative (Demostrativos) this (esto), that (eso), these (estos), those (esos) EJEMPLOS these that Those 3. Quantitative (Cuantitativos) some (alguno/s), any (alguno/s, ninguno), many (mucho/s), much(mucho)... EJEMPLOS some books any persons
4. Interrogative (Interrogativos) which? (cul?), what? (qu?), where? (dnde?), how? (cmo?)... EJEMPLOS
Which is the book What is the cuestin 5. Possessive (Posesivos) my (mi), your (tu), his (su), our (nuestro)... 6. Numeric (Nmeros) one (uno), four (cuatro), first (primero), third (tercero)... EJEMPLOS Six Sevent Eigth
Grammatical Rules (Reglas gramaticales) 1. El adjetivo casi siempre se sita antes del nombre, como hemos visto en el principio de esta leccin. Aunque en algunos casos, dependen del verbo, y entonces el adjetivo se sita detrs del verbo. Estos verbos incluyen: to be (ser/estar), to become (ponerse), to feel (sentirse), to look(parecer), to seem (parecer), to smell (oler), to taste (gustar)
o
Ejemplos: She looks [seems] tired. (Parece cansada.) I feel good. (Me siento bien.) It smells bad. (Huele mal.) You are beautiful. (Eres guapa.)
good (bueno/a), cold (frio/a), tall (alto/a)... EJEMPLOS Big bad 3. En general, los adjetivos no tienen una forma plural. Solo los adjetivos demostrativos y cuantitativos tienen formas diferentes para el singular y el plural: o Demostrativos:
o
this pencil (este lpiz) these pencils (estos lpices) Cuantitativos: much money (mucho dinero) many books (muchos libros)
4. Podemos usar dos o ms adjetivos juntos. o Ejemplos: a small black book (un libro pequeo y negro) a pretty Spanish woman (una mujer espaola guapa) a large glass table (una mesa grande de vidrio) a wonderful old city (una ciudad antigua y maravillosa) EJEMPLOS Maria is small The table is big Como norma general, seguimos el siguiente orden cuando utilizamos varios adjetivos: Tipo de adjetivo Ejemplos delicious, wonderful, nice, opinin /valor pretty ... tamao y longitud short, large, small, tall ... new, old, young, hot, cold edad / temperatura ... forma y superficie color origen round, fat, thin, square ... red, black, blue, green ... Spanish, American,
Columbian ... silver, cotton, paper, iron ... electric, political ... bath (towel)
EVALUACION Spanish/beautiful/a/woman/young aa beautiful young Spanish woman glass/a/round/small/table aa small round glass table French/city/a/old/wonderful aa wonderful old French city a/blue/cotton/bath/towel/large aa large blue cotton bath towel fat/brown/cats/two atwo fat brown cats red/new/a/car/fast aa fast new red car
small/three/books/black athree small black books big/red/a/apple/delicious aa delicious big red apple man/an/Canadian/old/intelligent aan intelligent old Canadian man
LECCION 6
To be (ser/estar) To have (tener/haber) To do (hacer) To make (hacer) To take (tomar/coger) To get (conseguir) To go (ir) To come (venir) To leave (salir/irse) To know (saber/conocer) To like (gustar) To want (querer) To feel (sentirse) To begin (empezar) To end, finish (acabar/terminar) To stay (quedarse) To change (cambiar) To wait (esperar) To put (poner) To be able (poder) To think (pensar) To believe (creer) To hope, wish (esperar) To look (mirar) To see (ver) To call (US) / To ring (UK) (llamar) To read (leer) To write (escribir) To listen (escuchar) To eat (comer) To drink (beber) To learn (aprender) To teach (ensear)
como veremos luego. Por lo tanto, es importante entender bien la conjugacin de este verbo. Sujeto Presente simple I You, We, They He, She, It To have (haber) Este verbo significa "tener" cuando lo usamos como verbo principal y significa "haber" cuando se usa como verbo auxiliar. Aprenderemos ms sobre el uso del verbo "to have" como auxiliar en la leccin sobre pretrito perfecto. Por ahora es importante tener en cuenta que se puede usar este verbo en las dos situaciones y es un verbo irregular. Sujeto Presente simple I, You, We, They He, She, It have has am are is
To do Este verbo significa "hacer" cuando lo usamos como verbo principal. No hay una traduccin directa en espaol para este verbo cuando se usa como verbo auxiliar. Este verbo auxiliar adems es necesario para construir las frases negativas e interrogativas. Tambin se puede usar en frases afirmativas para dar nfasis. Sujeto I, You, We, They He, She, It Presente simple do does
Ejemplos: I'm happy. (Estoy contento.) You're tall. (Eres alto.) She's pretty. (Es guapa.) It's 10:00. (Son las 10h.) He's not here./He isn't here. (No est aqui.) They're not Spanish./They aren't Spanish. (No son espaoles.) 2. To have/have got
o
Afirmativo I have
Negativo Forma corta I've not/I haven't You've not/You haven't He's not/He hasn't She's not/She hasn't It's not/It hasn't We've not/We haven't They've not/They haven't
I have not You have You have You've not He has He has He's not She has She has She's not It has It's It has not We have We have We've not They They have They've have not
o o
Ejemplos: I've got a car.(Tengo un coche.) You've got blue eyes. (Tienes ojos azules.) He's got big feet. (Tiene pies grandes.) It's [the cat] not got a home./It hasn't got a home. (No tiene casa.) They've not got children./They haven't got children. (No tienen hijos.) 3. Nota: Para "have got" solemos usar la forma corta en el presente en vez de la forma larga. No usamos la forma corta de "to have" para indicar posesin. Veremos ejemplos del uso de la forma corta de "to have" en la leccin del presente perfecto. o Para indicar posesin, no podemos decir: o I've car. o He's blue eyes.
o
4. To do Negativo I do not You do not He does not She does not It does not We do not They do not
o
Forma corta I don't You don't He doesn't She doesn't It doesn't We don't They don't
Ejemplos:
I don't know.(No s.) She doesn't like ice cream. (No le gusta el helado.) It doesn't snow here. (No nieva aqu.) We don't have children.(No tenemos hijos.) 5. Nota: Hay ms informacin sobre el uso del auxiliar en las lecciones sobre construir frases ylos verbos 6. Adems de los pronombres personales, podemos usar formas cortas con pronombres interrogativos y las palabras "here" (aqu), "there" (all) y "that" (eso). o Ejemplos: Where's the concert? (Dnde es el concierto?) Who's that? (Quin es?) How's your father? (Cmo est tu padre?) Here's the book. (Aqu est el libro.) That's mine. (Eso es mo.) Forma larga Forma corta What is What's Who is Who's When is When's Where is Where's How is How's Here is Here's There is There's That is That's
o It smells like you are cooking something. (Huele como que ests cocinando algo.) o o o o It is smelling like you are cooking something. Voluntaria: I am seeing you later, right? (Te ver luego, no?) I see you later, right?
o I am tasting the soup to see if it is as good as it smells. (Estoy probando la sopa para ver si es tan buena como huele. ) o I taste the soup right now.
), smell (tener un olor), taste (tener un sabor) Si la percepcin es voluntaria, se puede usar la forma continua. Nota: Usamos el verbo "to listen" para oir de forma voluntaria. 2. Verbos emotivos: o Ejemplos: o You're lying. I don't believe you! o o o o o You're lying. I am not believing you! Don't worry, he understands you. Don't worry, he is understanding you. You think there is something wrong? You are thinking there is something wrong?
believe (creer), dislike (no gustar), doubt (dudar), imagine (imaginar), hate (odiar),know (saber, conocer), like (gustar), love (encantar, amar, querer), prefer (preferir),realize (dar cuenta), recognize (reconocer), remember (recordar, acordarse), suppose(suponer), think (creer), understand (entender, comprender), want (querer), wish (esperar)
o o o o o o o o o o o
Ejemplos: o I am ill. o I am being ill. o You are silly. (*Significa que "eres tonto.") o You are being silly. (*Significa que "ahora te ests portando como un tonto.") o Otros ejemplos: o David needs a new car. o David is needing a new car. o Cigarettes cost 5 euros now. o Cigarettes are costing 5 euros now.I don't care if you don't like it, you are going to eat it! I'm not caring if you are not liking it, you are going to eat it! be (ser, estar), cost (costar), seem (parecer), need (necesitar), care (importar), cont ain(contener), exist (existir)
Normalmente, "to be" es un verbo esttico pero podemos usarlo tambin para hablar del comportamiento. Entonces, si lo usamos para referirnos a la conducta de alguien, podemos usar el tiempo continuo. 4. Verbos de posesin: o Ejemplos: o I have [I've got] a car. o o o o o o o o I am having a car. I am having dinner right now. I have dinner right now. Otros ejemplos: Ann owned a house when she lived in New York. Ann was owning a house when she lived in New York. That belongs to me! That is belonging to me!
Cuando usamos "to have" para refirirnos a algo que poseemos (una cosa, una cantidad, etc.), no podemos usarlo en el tiempo continuo. Pero si es parte de una expresin, podemos usarlo en el continuo. 5. Verbos de comunicacin: agree (acordar), astonish (asombrar), deny (negar), disagree (no estar de acuerdo),impress (impresionar), mean (significar), please (agradar), promis e (prometer), satisfy(satisfacer), surprise (sorprender)
Ejemplos: I disagree, I think it's a great idea. I am disagreeing, I am thinking it's a great idea. You suprised me! You were surprising me!
LECCION 7
o It smells like you are cooking something. (Huele como que ests cocinando algo.) o o o It is smelling like you are cooking something. Voluntaria: I am seeing you later, right? (Te ver luego, no?)
o I am tasting the soup to see if it is as good as it smells. (Estoy probando la sopa para ver si es tan buena como huele. ) o I taste the soup right now.
feel (el tacto), hear, see (ver o entender), smell (tener un olor), taste (tener un sabor) Si la percepcin es voluntaria, se puede usar la forma continua. Nota: Usamos el verbo "to listen" para oir de forma voluntaria.
2. Verbos emotivos:
o o o o o o o
Ejemplos: o You're lying. I don't believe you! o You're lying. I am not believing you! o Don't worry, he understands you. o Don't worry, he is understanding you. o You think there is something wrong? o You are thinking there is something wrong? believe (creer), dislike (no gustar), doubt (dudar), imagine (imaginar), hate (odiar),know (saber, conocer), like (gustar), love (encantar, amar, querer), prefer (preferir),realize (dar cuenta), recognize (reconocer), remember (recordar, acordarse), suppose(suponer), think (creer), understand (entender, comprender), want (querer), wish (esperar)
o o o o o o o o
EJEMPLO:
She is smile 4. Verbos de posesin: o Ejemplos: o I have [I've got] a car. o I am having a car. o I am having dinner right now. o I have dinner right now. o Otros ejemplos: o Ann owned a house when she lived in New York. o Ann was owning a house when she lived in New York. o That belongs to me! o That is belonging to me! belong (pertenecer), have (poseer), possess (poseer), own (poseer)
Cuando usamos "to have" para refirirnos a algo que poseemos (una cosa, una cantidad, etc.), no podemos usarlo en el tiempo continuo. Pero si es parte de una expresin, podemos usarlo en el continuo.
EJEMPLO:
Do you have a car? Does he have a car? No, I dont have a car. No, he doesnt have a car.
5. Verbos de comunicacin: agree (acordar), astonish (asombrar), deny (negar), disagree (no estar de acuerdo),impress (impresionar), mean (significar), please (agradar), promis e (prometer), satisfy(satisfacer), surprise (sorprender)
Ejemplos: I disagree, I think it's a great idea. I am disagreeing, I am thinking it's a great idea. You suprised me! You were surprising me!
Imperative Sentences (Frases imperativas) En ingls no se usa el imperativo tanto como en el espaol. En general, se usa para dar rdenes, instrucciones o advertencias. Las frases imperativas se construyen de manera diferente a las afirmativas: no se utiliza un sujeto porque se supone que el sujeto es siempre "you" y el verbo principal es en la forma infinitiva. 1. El imperativo afirmativo
EJEMPLO:
Enjoy your holiday!
o o
Ejemplos: Do your homework! (Haz los deberes!) Wash your hands! (Lavaros las manos!) Tell me the truth! (Dime la verdad!) EstructuraVerbo + nombre, adjetivo...
2. El imperativo negativo
o o
Do not lie to me! (No me mientas!) Do not wash in the washing machine. (No lo lave en la lavadora.) Don't hit your sister! (No le pegues a tu hermana!) EstructuraVerbo auxiliar ("to do") + auxiliar negativo ("not") + verbo + nombre, adjetivo...
Si queremos incluirnos a nosotros mismos, usamos "let's". Ejemplos: Let's go! (Nos vamos!) Let's not fight. (No nos peleemos.) EVALUACION
Correccin:
Structure (Estructura)
I talk. (Yo hablo.) He eats. (l come.) They learn. (Ellos aprenden.) EstructuraSujeto + verbo principal. 2. Negative Sentences (Frases negativas) EstructuraSujeto + verbo auxiliar ("to do") + auxiliar negativo ("not") + verbo principal.
o
Ejemplos: I do not [don't] talk. (Yo no hablo.) He does not [doesn't] eat. (l no come.) They do not [don't] learn. (Ellos no aprenden.) Nota: En frases negativas, el verbo auxiliar ("to do") cambia y el verbo principal es en el infinitivo.
EJEMPLOS:
-Im not stupid -She didnt do it -i dont dance -I cant fly -Dont fell down -I dont like it -She doesnt like to go to the shopping
3. Interrogative Sentences (Frases interagotivas) o Ejemplos: Do you talk? (Hablas t?) Does he eat? (Come l?) Do they learn? (Aprenden ellos?) EJEMPLOS: Do you read? Do you look the school? Do you walk ?
EstructuraVerbo auxiliar ("to do") + sujeto + verbo principal? Nota: Como en frases negativas, en frases interrogativas el verbo auxiliar ("to do") cambia y el verbo principal es en el infinitivo. 1. El presente simple se utiliza para hablar de cosas que suceden habitualmente. A diferencia a espaol, no se usa el presente simple para hablar sobre algo que est pasando en el momento en el que hablamos. o Ejemplos: I always talk to my mother on Sunday. (Siempre hablo con mi madre el domingo.) He never eats vegetables. (Nunca come las verduras.)
o
They learn something new in class.They usually learn something new in class. (Normalmente aprenden algo nuevo en la clase.) Se suele utilizar el presente simple con adverbios de tiempo: Always (siempre), everyday (cada da), usually (normalmente), often (a menudo),sometimes (a veces), rarely (raramente), hardly ever (casi nunca), never (nunca)... Excepcin: Los adverbios de tiempo van delante del verbo, excepto el verbo "to be" (ser/estar). Cuando se usa "to be" el verbo va delante del adverbio. Ejemplos: I am always happy. (Siempre estoy contento.) He is often sick. (A menudo l est enfermo.) They are rarely late. (En raras ocasiones llegan tarde.)
2. Se utiliza para hablar de generalidades o hechos cientficos. o Ejemplos: He does not [doesn't] eat vegetables. (l no come verduras.) She works in a hospital. (Ella trabaja en una hospital.) Elephants live in Africa. (Los elefantes viven en frica.) Bogata is in Columbia. (Bogot est en Colombia.) Do children like animals? (Les gustan a los nios los animales?) Adults do not [don't] know everything. (Los adultos no lo saben todo.)
Ejemplos
She does note at fruits
3. Se usa para eventos programados en el futuro prximo. o Ejemplos: The train leaves at 10:00. (El tren sale a las 10h.) The party is tonight. (La fiesta es esta noche.) Does the festival start tomorrow? (Empieza el festival maana?) The plane does not [doesn't] arrive today. (El avin no llega hoy.
Ejemplo
The car leaves at 11:35 Carlos leaves at 5:00
4. Se usa para instruciones (el imperativo). o Ejemplos: Open the window. (Abre la ventana.) Eat the vegetables. (Come las verduras.) Don't cry. (No llores.) Do your homework. (Haz los deberes.) Call your mother. (Llama a tu madre.)
EJEMPLO
Open de door Close de window
LECCIN 8
Present Continuous (Presente continuo)
Grammatical Rules (Reglas gramaticales) Form (Forma) Para formar el presente continuo se utiliza el verbo auxiliar "to be" y el gerundio (infinitivo + "-ing") del verbo. Sujeto Auxiliar (to be) Gerundio talking, eating, learning, doing, going... talking, eating, learning, doing, going... talking, eating, learning, doing, going...
am
He, She, It
is
are
Structure (Estructura) 1. Affirmative Sentences (Frases afirmativas) o Ejemplos: o I'm talking. (Estoy hablando.) o He's eating. (Est comiendo.) o They're learning. (Estn aprendiendo.) EstructuraSujeto + verbo auxiliar ("to be") + gerundio. EJEMPLOS: Im reading Im drawing Im speaking
2. Negative Sentences (Frases negativas) o Ejemplos: o I'm not talking. (No estoy hablando.) o He's not [He isn't] eating. (No est comiendo.) o They're not [They aren't] learning. (No estn aprendiendo.) EstructuraSujeto + verbo auxiliar ("to be") + auxiliar negativo ("not") + gerundio.
EJEMPLOS: Im not eat chiken Im not look the teacher Im not write the lesson.
3. Interrogative Sentences (Frases interrogativas) o Ejemplos: o Are you talking? (Ests hablando?) o Is he eating? (Est comiendo?) o Are they learning? (Estn aprendiendo?) Verbo auxiliar ("to be") + sujeto + gerundio?
EJEMPLOS: Are you speking spanish? Are you read the book? Are you listen to the music? Uses (Usos) 1. El presente continuo se utiliza para hablar sobre algo que est pasando en el momento en el que hablamos. o Ejemplos: o I'm studying now. (Estoy estudiando ahora.) o He's eating at the moment. (Est comiendo en este momento.) o Is it raining? (Est lloviendo?) 2. Tambin lo usamos para hablar de algo que est sucediendo en la actualidad pero no necesariamente cuando hablamos. o Ejemplos: o They're learning English. (Estn aprendiendo ingls.) o She's currently looking for a job. (Actualmente est buscando un trabajo.) o Are you working? (Ests trabajando?) 3. Usamos el presente continuo para hablar de algo que est ya decidido que se har en el futuro prximo. o Ejemplos: o I'm going to the party tonight. (Voy a la fiesta esta noche.) o He's not [He isn't] coming to class tomorrow. (No viene a la clase manaa.) o Are you working next week? (Trabajas la semana que viene?)
Nota: Hay unos verbos que no solemos usar en los tiempos continuos. Hay excepciones, depende en que sentido estamos usando el verbo. Puedes consultar la lista de verbos de tiempos continuos y su explicacin. be, want, need, know, prefer, remember, understand, care, see, hear, smell, believe, belong, cost, seem, exist, own, belong, like, dislike, love, hate, fear, envy, mind...
EVALUACION You answered no questions correctly. Correccin: I __________ in a bank. aworks bworking cwork dis working Se utiliza el presente simple para hablar de generalidades o hechos cientficos. Barbara __________ everyday. arun bruns cis running drunning El presente simple se utiliza para hablar de cosas que suceden habitualmente. He __________ in Canada. adoesn't live bdon't live cnot live dnot lives
En frases negativas, el verbo auxiliar ("to do") cambia y el verbo principal es en el infinitivo. We __________ English. astudys bare studying cstudies dis studying El presente continuo usamos para hablar de algo que est sucediendo en la actualidad pero no necesariamente cuando hablamos. What are you doing right now? I __________ my homework. aam doing bis doing care doing ddo El presente continuo se utiliza para hablar sobre algo que est pasando en el momento en el que hablamos. We __________ to the cinema next weekend. ago bgoes care going dis going Usamos el presente continuo para hablar de algo que est ya decidido que se har en el futuro prximo. He __________ next week. anot is working bisn't working cnot works dis working not En frases negativas en el presente continuo, el auxilar negativo va entre el verbo auxiliar ("to be") y el gerundio. ________ the train _________ at 8:00?
aDoes, leave bDo, leaves cDoes, leaves dDo, leave En frases interogatives, se cambia el verbo auxiliar ("to do") y el verbo principal se queda en el infinitivo. __________ to the party tonight? aYou are going bIs you going cYou go dAre you going En frases interogativas en el presente continuo, el sujeto va entre el verbo auxiliar ("to be") y el gerundio. Michael __________ a new car. awant bis wanting care wanting dwants Hay unos verbos que no solemos usar en los tiempos continuos. Hay excepciones, depende en que sentido estamos usando el verbo. Puedes consultar la lista de verbos de tiempos continuos y su explicacin.
LECCION 9
Cardinal Numbers (Los nmeros cardinales)
Del 1 al 12 one (1), two (2), three (3), four (4), five (5), six (6), seven (7), eight (8), nin e (9), ten(10), eleven (11), twelve (12) Del 13 al 19 La terminacin es "-teen" que suena como "tin" en espaol. thirteen (13), fourteen (14), fifteen (15), sixteen (16), seventeen (17), eigh teen (18)nineteen (19)
20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 La terminacin es "-ty" y suena como "ti" en espaol. twenty (20), thirty (30), forty (40), fifty (50), sixty (60), seventy (70), eight y (80), ninety(90) Para formar decenas se aade un guin despus de la decenas y el nmero. twenty-one (21), thirty-two (32), forty-three (43), fifty-four (54), sixtyfive (65),seventy-six (76), eighty-seven (87), ninety-eight (98) Para formar centenas: a/one hundred (100), two hundred (200), three hundred (300)... Para unir las centenas con las decenas se unirn con el "and". two hundred and fifty-five (255), six hundred and forty-eight (648)... Para los millares: a/one thousand (1,000), two thousand (2,000), ten thousand (10,000)... Para los millones: a/one million (1,000,000), two million (2,000,000), three million (3,000,000)...
Ejemplos: a/one hundred and two (102) three hundred and twelve (312) five thousand and ten (5,010) two million five hundred thousand / two and a half million (2,500,000) six thousand two hundred and seventy-nine ( 6,279) two thousand two hundred and twenty-two (2,222) three thousand three hundred and thirty-three (3,333)
EJEMPLOS Cuarto fourth Quinto fifth Sexto sixth Sptimo seventh Octavo eighth Noveno ninth Dcimo tenth Dcimo primero eleventh Dcimo segundo twelfth
English one two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen twenty twenty-one twenty-two thirty forty fifty sixty seventy eighty ninety a/one hundred a/one hundred and
one 200 1,000 1,001 1,100 10,000 100,000 1,000,000 two hundred a/one thousand a/one thousand and one one thousand one hundred / eleven hundred ten thousand a/one hundred thousand a/one million
8th 9th 10th 11th 12th 13th 14th 15th 16th 17th 18th 19th 20th 21st 22nd 30th 40th 50th 60th 70th 80th 90th 100th 101st 200th 1,000th 10,000th 100,000th 1,000,000th
eighth ninth tenth eleventh twelfth thirteenth fourteenth fifteenth sixteenth seventeenth eighteenth nineteenth twentieth twenty-first twenty-second thirtieth fortieth fiftieth sixtieth seventieth eightieth ninetieth hundredth hundred and first two hundredth thousandth ten thousandth hundred thousandth millionth
Daily Today Tonight Yesterday Tomorrow Week Weekly Weekend Month Monthly Year Yearly Decade Century Calendar schedule/timetable Days of the Week Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday Months of the Year January February March April May June July August September October
diario hoy esta noche ayer manaa semana semanal fin de semana mes mensual ao anual dcada siglo calendario horario Los das de la semana lunes martes mircoles jueves viernes sbado domingo Meses del ao enero febrero marzo abril mayo junio julio agosto septiembre octubre
November December The Seasons winter spring summer autumn, fall (US) Holidays Easter Halloween Christmas New Year's day New Year's eve
noviembre diciembre Estaciones del ao invierno primivera verano otoo Das festivos Pascua Vspera de Todos los Santos/ Noche de Brujas Navidad Da de ao nuevo (Ao nuevo) Vspera de ao nuevo (Noche vieja)
Grammatical Rules (Reglas grammaticales) 1. Los meses y los das se escriben en mayscula. o Ejemplos: o July (julio) o Thursday (jueves) 2. Las fechas se expresan con nmeros ordinales: o Ejemplos: o Today is the 1st [first] of April. (Hoy es el primero de abril.) o His birthday is the 14th [fourteenth] of October. (Su compleanos es el 14 de octubre.) 3. Formato de fechas: o Ejemplos: o June, 30 2006 (30 de junio de 2006) o November 10, 1968 (10 de noviembre de 1968) o Formato US: mes/da/ao o 04/18/2010 o Formato UK: da/mes/ao o 18/04/2010
o o
EJEMPLOS
September 10 20012
o o
Ejemplo:
Is 3 o clock Is 10 o clock Nota: En ingls britnico se dice "quarter past" o "half past" y en ingls americano "quarter after" o "thirty" (no se dice "half after"). 6. Preguntar y decir la hora: o Question (pregunta) What time is it? (Qu hora es?) What's the time? (Qu hora es?)
EJEMPLOS
What time is it? Its 9:35
Correccin: two hundred and fifty-five a255 b2,055 c275 three thousand three hundred and thirty-three a3,333 2,500,000 atwo million five hundred thousand btwo million and five hundred two thousand ctwo millions and five hundred thousand five thousand and ten a510 b5,510 c5,010 six hundred and forty-eight a6,018 b648 c600,048
CANCIN
La semana de Accin de Gracias y el Ao Nuevo son, quizs, la mejor poca para visitar Nueva York. Es sin duda el momento ms mgico de esta increble ciudad, ya que se transforma en unaNavidad de las maravillas.
Departamento de escaparates de las tiendas estn decoradas con escenas de unas maravillosas vacaciones y el sonido de la Navidad villancicos y haciendo sonar las campanas dederrame en las calles. rboles de Navidad y guirnaldas se venden en las esquinas de la calle, llenando la ciudad con el olor de la Navidad. Hay muchas actividades relacionadas con la fiesta tambin lo hacen. Ya sea ir a ver el famoso Rockettes de Navidad de Radio City Music Hall de espectaculares o de cualquiera de las muchas producciones de "El Cascanueces", ballet con msica de Tchaikovsky, que est seguro de entrar en el espritu de las fiestas. Otras posibilidades incluyen la iluminacin del rbol de Navidad del Rockefeller Center, el patinaje sobre hielo en Central Park, visitar las luces de Navidad exhibicin en el zoolgico del Bronx, o el programa de vacaciones de trenes anuales en el Jardn Botnico de Nueva York. Con tantas cosas que hacer, no es seguro que ser algo para todos en la familia para disfrutar. Una visita a la ciudad de Nueva York en Navidad
podra ser el mejor presente siempre. Y si tienes suerte, puede ser que incluso la nieve ! "Le deseamos una Feliz Navidad" Le deseamos una Feliz Navidad Le deseamos una Feliz Navidad Le deseamos una Feliz Navidad Y un feliz Ao Nuevo. Buenas nuevas que traen Para usted y su familia; Buenas nuevas para Navidad Y un feliz Ao Nuevo! Queremos un poco de pudn figgy Queremos un poco de pudn figgy Queremos un poco de pudn figgy Favor de traer aqu mismo! Buenas nuevas que traen Para usted y su familia; Buenas nuevas para Navidad Y un feliz Ao Nuevo! No vamos a entrar hasta que tengamos No vamos a entrar hasta que tengamos No vamos a entrar hasta que tengamos Por lo tanto, llevar a cabo aqu! Buenas nuevas que traen Para usted y su familia; Buenas nuevas para Navidad Y un feliz Ao Nuevo! Le deseamos una Feliz Navidad Le deseamos una Feliz Navidad Le deseamos una Feliz Navidad Y un feliz Ao Nuevo. Buenas nuevas que traen Para usted y su familia; Buenas nuevas para Navidad Y un feliz Ao Nuevo! Le deseamos Una Feliz Navidad Le deseamos Una Feliz Navidad; Le deseamos Una Feliz Navidad; Le deseamos Una Feliz Navidad Y sin Feliz Ao Nuevo Buenas noticias Que traemos A SUS Usted y Familiares; Buenas Nuevas prrafo Navidad
Y sin Feliz Ao Nuevo Oh, queremos sin postre de higos; Oh, queremos sin postre de higos; Oh, queremos sin postre de higos; Por favor trigalo Aqu Mismo! Buenas noticias Que traemos A SUS Usted y Familiares; Buenas Nuevas prrafo Navidad Y sin Feliz Ao Nuevo No iremos HASTA Que tengamos alguno; No iremos HASTA Que tengamos alguno; No iremos HASTA Que tengamos alguno; Entonces trigalo here Fuera! Buenas noticias Que traemos A SUS Usted y Familiares; Buenas Nuevas prrafo Navidad Y sin Feliz Ao Nuevo Le deseamos Una Feliz Navidad; Le deseamos Una Feliz Navidad; Le deseamos Una Feliz Navidad Y sin Feliz Ao Nuevo Buenas noticias Que traemos A SUS Usted y Familiares; Buenas Nuevas prrafo Navidad Y sin Feliz Ao Nuevo 2012 Christmas Vocabulary (Vocabulario de Navidad)
English Merry Christmas Happy New Year! Season's Greetings! Peace on Earth! Christmas Eve New Year's Eve Father Christmas/Santa Claus Three Wise Men Nativity scene Advent calendar
Spanish Feliz Navidad! Feliz ao nuevo! Felices fiestas! Paz en la tierra! Noche buena Noche vieja Papa Noel Los Reyes Magos Beln calendario de
holy Christmas tree decorations ornament wreath holly poinsettia tinsel snowman snowflake snowy snowball bells jingle carol Christmas cards gifts/presents gift giving toy feast eggnog chimney reindeer sleigh
Adviento Santo, sagrado rbol de Navidad adornos adorno ramo acebo flor de Navidad espumilln mueco de nieve copo de nieve nevado bola de nieve campanas tintinear villancico trajetas de Navidad regalos intercambio de regalos juguete banquete ponche de huevo chimenea reno trineo
Ejemplo:
She speaks quickly. (Hablarpido.) En este ejemplo "quickly" es un adverbio de modo que modifica al verbo "tospeak" para expresar como habla.
EJEMPLOS:
Ejemplos: easy easily (fcil fcilmente) happy happily (alegre alegremente) Adjetivos terminados en -ic se cambia la terminacin -ic por -ically.
Ejemplos:
automatic automatically (automtico automticamente) tragic tragically (trgico trgicamente) Adjetivos terminados en -le, se cambia la terminacin -le por -ly.
Ejemplos:
terrible terribly (terrible terriblemente) true truly (verdad verdaderamente) Algunos adverbios no terminan en -ly.
Ejemplos:
hard (difcil, duro o fuerte) fast (rpido)
amatical Rules (Reglas gramaticales) 1. La regla general para formar adverbios es aadir la terminacin "-ly" a un adjetivo, que equivale a la terminacin en castellano de "-mente."
o o o
Ejemplos:
quick quickly (rpido rpidamente) honest honestly (honrado honradamente)
EJEMPLOS:
happily (felizmente),
2. Para los adjetivos que terminan en consonante "-y," cambian la terminacin "-y" por la de "-ily."
o o o
Ejemplos:
easy easily (fcil fcilmente) happy happily (alegre alegremente) 3. Adjetivos terminados en "-ic" se cambia la terminacin "-ic" por "-ically."
o o o
Ejemplos:
automatic automatically (automtico automticamente) tragic tragically (trgico trgicamente) 4. Adjetivos terminados en "-le," se cambia la terminacin "-le" por "-ly."
o o o
Ejemplos:
terrible terribly (terrible terriblemente) true truly (verdad verdaderamente) 5. Algunos adverbios no terminan en "-ly."
o o o
Ejemplos:
hard (difcil, duro o fuerte) fast (rpido) {e1}
Types of Adverbs (Tipos de adverbios) 1. Adverbios de tiempo: Responden a la pregunta de "cundo?" today, tomorrow, last week, next month, already, eventually, still, soon, yet, now, later... Posicin: Los adverbios de tiempo normalmente van al principio o al final de la oracin. Ejemplos: : now (ahora), then (entonces), already (ya)
o o o
o o o
We went to Paris last year. (Fuimos a Pars el ao pasado.) I already finished my homework. (Ya he acabado los deberes.) See you later! (Hasta luego!) Nota: "Yet" siempre va al final de la oracin y "still" va adelante del verbo, excepto con "to be," cuando va detrs del verbo. I haven't finished yet. (No he acabadotodava.) He still needs to finish his homework. (Todava necesita acabar los deberes.) I am still waiting. (Todavaestoyesperando.)
o o o o
3. Adverbios de grado: Responden a la pregunta de "en qu medida?" very, really, almost, hardly, quite, barely...
EJEMPLO: rather (bastante) enough (suficiente) , quite (bastante) Posicin: Los adverbios de grado van adelante de la palabra a que modifican. Ejemplos: He was almost late for the meeting. (Casi lleg tarde a la reunin.) We are very busy this week. (Estamos muy ocupados esta semana.)
o o o
I really hope she passes the exam. (Realmente espero que pase el examen.)
4. Adverbios de modo: Responden a la pregunta de "cmo?" loudly, carefully, softly, beautifully, fast, hard...
EJEMPLOS: Posicin: Los adverbios de modo van detrs del objeto directo. Si no hay un objeto, van detrs del verbo. Ejemplos: Detrs del objeto You speak English perfectly. (Hablas ingles perfectamente.) She read the book quickly. (Ley el libro rpidamente.) Detrs del verbo Please drive carefully. (Por favor, conduce con cuidado.) He runs fast. (Corre rpidamente.)
o o o o o o o
o o o o
EVALUACIN
went/they/Rome/last month/to (poner adverbio al principio) aLast month they went to Rome. Los adverbios de tiempo normalmente van al principio o al final de la oracin.
went/they/Rome/last month/to (poner adverbio al final) aThey went to Rome last month. Los adverbios de tiempo normalmente van al principio o al final de la oracin.
his/finished/already/dinner/he (poner adverbio al principio) aHe already finished his dinner. Los adverbios de tiempo normalmente van al principio o al final de la oracin.
his/finished/already/dinner/he (poner adverbio al final) aHe finished his dinner already. Los adverbios de tiempo normalmente van al principio o al final de la oracin.yet/you/?/are/ready aAre you ready yet? "Yet" siempre va al final de la oracin.
have/we/time/still aWe still have time. En general, "still" va delante del verbo.
happy/I/really/see/am/you/to aI am really happy to see you. Los adverbios de grado van delante de la palabra a la que modifican.
quickly/speak/very/you aYou speak very quickly. Los adverbios de grado van delante de la palabra a la que modifican.
never/eats/she/vegetables aShe never eats vegetables. En general, los adverbios de frecuencia van delante del verbo.
they/late/class/always/are/to aThey are always late to class. Los adverbios de frecuencia van delante del verbo, pero van detrs del verbo "to be."
waiting/I/still/am aI am still waiting. En general, "still" va delante del verbo, excepto con "to be".