Papers by Ferdinand N . Göhde
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A New Military History of the Italian Risorgimento and Anti-Risorgimento : The Case of 'Transnational Soldiers' [Winner of the 2014 Christopher Seton-Watson Memorial Price - Association for the Study of Modern Italy, UK]
Modern Italy, 2014
The article discusses new studies of foreign soldiers in the Italian armed groups of the (Anti-)R... more The article discusses new studies of foreign soldiers in the Italian armed groups of the (Anti-)Risorgimento against the background of recent scholarship on ‘transnational soldiers’, which acknowledges the complexities of foreigners' initial motives for enlistment and of the transnational processes inside the single armies. The article suggests that from the mundane structures of military life to the perceptions of the rank-and-file, many aspects of the soldiering experience in the multinational armed groups on all sides of the Risorgimento actually advanced rather than obviated national boundaries. This paper further demonstrates that the military cultures of the nationalists and the anti-unity forces were much more porous and mutually constitutive than is often recognised. The histories of the ‘transnational soldiers’ in the armed groups of the Risorgimento and Anti-Risorgimento are crucial for a possibly new, comparative history of the armed groups of the (Anti-)Risorigmento. This paper explores approaches of the culturally revived ‘new military history’ and suggests that it provides much still unrealised potential for Risorgimento historiography.
German Volunteers in the Armed Conflicts of the Italian Risorgimento 1834-1870
Journal of Modern Italian Studies, 2009
Between 1834 and 1870, Germans participated in the armed conflicts of the Italian Risorgimento in... more Between 1834 and 1870, Germans participated in the armed conflicts of the Italian Risorgimento in the ranks of both Mazzini and Garibaldi and of the Pope and Francis II of Naples. While acknowledging the difficulty in analysing the motives of historical actors, the essay compares the reasons that led these Germans to volunteer and fight. For those who fought for the cause of Italian unity, the networks created in exile in the 1830s remained decisive down to 1870, whereas the mobilization of volunteers in Germany for the Papal states reached its height only later between 1867 and 1870. Despite these chronological differences, the methods used in terms of the media and forms of organization to mobilize the volunteers and to legitimize war were very similar across the political spectrum. The foreign volunteers were described by their own side as brothers, but as mere mercenaries by the respective enemy side. At the same time, Germans and Italians brought their national stereotypes to the various armed groups and armies in which they served and in ways that made the latter important places for the staging of national ‘re-virilization’ achieved through heroic fighting.
Contributions to books by Ferdinand N . Göhde
La fraternité d’armes des peuples. Champ sémantique fraternel et soldats transnationaux au cours de l’(Anti-)Risorgimento.
Catherine Brice (ed.): Frères de sang, frères d'armes, frères ennemis. La fraternité en Italie (1820-1924), Collection de l'École française de Rome 529, Rome: École française de Rome, 2017. ISBN: 978-2-7283-1212-2 , 2017
All'interno e al di sopra dei 'partiti'. Tedeschi nelle forze armate italiane del Risorgimento (1834-1870)
Andrea Ciampani (ed.): L'Unità d'Italia in Europa, Rome : Istituto per la storia del Risorgimento italiano, Biblioteca scientifica, Prospettive/Perspectives, vol. 3, 2013
PhD Thesis by Ferdinand N . Göhde
Foreign Soldiers in the Risorgimento and Anti-Risorgimento. A Transnational Military History of Germans in the Italian Armed Groups, 1834-1870
This thesis compares the motives, experiences and practices of Germans in the Papal, Bourbon and ... more This thesis compares the motives, experiences and practices of Germans in the Papal, Bourbon and Garibaldian armed groups. It shows how solidarity was, on all political sides, increasingly conceptualized as an act by and between nations and argues that political mobilization did not necessarily directly inform the single enlistment. Recruitment activities not only combined mercenary traditions with new forms of communication and association, but they also overlapped, leading many to change between armed groups. The study provides the first in-depth statistical analysis of these Germans based on soldiers’ registers, contextualizing it with transnational soldiering across Europe; not only did Germans stay in the regular armies for quite long periods, but previous and later enlistments in other armies were common - this also holds true for the "German" Garibaldians. Examining hitherto neglected economic incentives, the study demonstrates the plurality of political, cultural, economic and professional motives of single soldiers, thus blurring the lines of the opposition between the militarily inexperienced political war volunteer and the mercenary that is so central to the polemics of the time and "new Risorgimento historiography". Based on legal sources and soldiers’ reports, the study analyses the every-day life of Germans in the Italian armed groups in terms of a culturally revived "new military history", and is particularly attentive to issues of masculinity. The different institutional contexts the Germans were placed in - e.g. foreigners’ corps, ministries - informed differing experiences. In contrast to the multi-national make-up of many corps, imagery of national grouping progressively superseded formal military structures, resulting in continuous comparisons of corps and nationalities and increases in "nationalizing" experiences. This goes counter to the image of foreign commitment in Italy as a cosmopolitan experience and an a priori positive understanding of the "transnational". Hence, the role of foreign soldiers was crucial for the "military" Risorgimento and "revirilization".
Thesis defended at the Department of History and Civilization of the European University Institute (EUI), Florence, 3 October 2014.
Examining Board:
Professors Heinz-Gerhard Haupt, supervisor (EUI), Lucy Riall (EUI), Catherine Brice (Université Paris-Est Créteil), Oliver Janz (Freie Universität Berlin)
Talks by Ferdinand N . Göhde
'Trans-nationale Soldaten' im Risorgimento und Anti-Risorgimento. Deutsche in italienischen bewaffneten Gruppen 1834-1870 (Talk delivered at Freie Universität Berlin, Research Colloquium Prof. Oliver Janz, Berlin, January 2015, German)
ore 09.00 Presiede e introduce Romano Ugolini (Presidente dell'Istituto per la storia del Risorgi... more ore 09.00 Presiede e introduce Romano Ugolini (Presidente dell'Istituto per la storia del Risorgimento italiano) MICHEL DUMOULIN (UCL, Leuven-La Neuve) La storiografia belga sull'unificazione italiana LAURA FOURNIER FINOCCHIARO (Université Paris 8/ERLIS) Gli studi italiani in Francia e il Risorgimento ION CÂRJA (Università Babeş-Bolyai, Cluj -Napoca) L'unificazione dell'Italia nella percezione della storiografia romena del XX secolo ore 11.00 Pausa caffè Presiede Jean-François Chauvard MARIA CRISTINA CHATZIIOANNOU (Atene) La storiografia sulle relazioni italo-greche nel Risorgimento
Risorgimento und Anti-Risorgimento als transnationale Bewegungen? (Talk delivered at Deutsch-italienisches Zentrum für europäische Exzellenz Villa Vigoni: 'Das Risorgimento im europäischen Kontext. Politik - Kultur - Transfer', Loveno di Menaggio, June 2011, German)
Non-italian Combattants During the Wars of National Independence in Italy (Talk delivered at Forschungsgruppe 'Groups of Violence' - University of Gießen / EUI, Florence: 'Practices and Communities of Violence from the 16th to the 20th century', Florence, May 2011, English)
Tedeschi nei conflitti armati del Risorgimento (Talk delivered at Deutsches Historisches Institut Rom / British School at Rome: 'The Risorgimento in Transnational Perspective', Rome, April 2011, Italian)
Der Balilla-Mythos (Talk delivered at Arbeitsgemeinschaft für die neueste Geschichte Italiens, Arbeitstagung, Berlin, June 2008, German)
Master's Thesis by Ferdinand N . Göhde
'…und Balilla warf ein Steinchen…' – Der Genuesische Aufstand von 1746 als nationaler Mythos bis 1881 [Supervisor: Prof. Etienne François, FU Berlin; Second Reader: PD Ina-Ulrike Paul, FU Berlin]
Mit der 1926 erfolgten Auswahl des Namens „Opera Nazionale Balilla“ für die faschistische italien... more Mit der 1926 erfolgten Auswahl des Namens „Opera Nazionale Balilla“ für die faschistische italienische Jugendorganisation knüpfte das Mussolini-Regime an einen bereits bestehenden Nationalmythos an. Der Genuesische Aufstand von 1746, personalisiert ab der Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts durch die Figur des Jungen mit Spitznamen „Balilla“, wurde seit den 1830er Jahren als ein herausragendes Beispiel eines erfolgreichen Kampfes gegen den „Erbfeind“ Österreich-Ungarn interpretiert. Die Genese des Mythos war – wie diejenige einer Reihe weiterer italienischer Nationalsymbole - bisher weitgehend unbekannt. Seine im frühen 19. Jahrhundert einsetzende präfaschistische Vorgeschichte fand mit der Einweihung des Balilla-Denkmals in Genua im Jahr 1881 einen gewissen Höhepunkt. Der Prozess dieser Mythenbildung war ein multimediales Unternehmen, zu dem historische und politische
Werke, Zeitungsberichte, Gemälde und Statuenentwürfe ebenso beitrugen wie Lieder, Romane, Theaterstücke und sogar ein Musikschauspiel. Ziel der vorliegenden Untersuchung ist es darzustellen, welche Leistung der Balilla-Mythos als "Transmissionsriemen“ für die Nationalisierung und die „nationale Emotionalisierung“ vieler Italiener des 19. Jahrhunderts erbracht hat.
Contribution to scientific databases / websites by Ferdinand N . Göhde
Italien [1846-1849]
Revolution im Computer. Die Infobox zur Revolution 1848/49 [ed. by Irmtraud Götz von Olenhusen], 1999
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Papers by Ferdinand N . Göhde
Contributions to books by Ferdinand N . Göhde
PhD Thesis by Ferdinand N . Göhde
Thesis defended at the Department of History and Civilization of the European University Institute (EUI), Florence, 3 October 2014.
Examining Board:
Professors Heinz-Gerhard Haupt, supervisor (EUI), Lucy Riall (EUI), Catherine Brice (Université Paris-Est Créteil), Oliver Janz (Freie Universität Berlin)
Talks by Ferdinand N . Göhde
Master's Thesis by Ferdinand N . Göhde
Werke, Zeitungsberichte, Gemälde und Statuenentwürfe ebenso beitrugen wie Lieder, Romane, Theaterstücke und sogar ein Musikschauspiel. Ziel der vorliegenden Untersuchung ist es darzustellen, welche Leistung der Balilla-Mythos als "Transmissionsriemen“ für die Nationalisierung und die „nationale Emotionalisierung“ vieler Italiener des 19. Jahrhunderts erbracht hat.
Contribution to scientific databases / websites by Ferdinand N . Göhde
Thesis defended at the Department of History and Civilization of the European University Institute (EUI), Florence, 3 October 2014.
Examining Board:
Professors Heinz-Gerhard Haupt, supervisor (EUI), Lucy Riall (EUI), Catherine Brice (Université Paris-Est Créteil), Oliver Janz (Freie Universität Berlin)
Werke, Zeitungsberichte, Gemälde und Statuenentwürfe ebenso beitrugen wie Lieder, Romane, Theaterstücke und sogar ein Musikschauspiel. Ziel der vorliegenden Untersuchung ist es darzustellen, welche Leistung der Balilla-Mythos als "Transmissionsriemen“ für die Nationalisierung und die „nationale Emotionalisierung“ vieler Italiener des 19. Jahrhunderts erbracht hat.