failure:
    dsn: 'doctrine://database'
    options:
        table_name: failed_messages
        auto_setup: false
    retry_strategy:
        max_retries: 3
        delay: 1000
        multiplier: 10
        max_delay: 0

protected function execute(InputInterface $input, OutputInterface $output)
{
    $this->eventDispatcher->addSubscriber(new StopWorkerOnMessageLimitListener(1));
    ...
}

public function onWorkerRunning(WorkerRunningEvent $event): void
{
    if (!$event->isWorkerIdle() && ++$this->receivedMessages >= $this->maximumNumberOfMessages) {
        $this->receivedMessages = 0;
        $event->getWorker()->stop();

        if (null !== $this->logger) {
            $this->logger->info('Worker stopped due to maximum count of {count} messages processed', ['count' => $this->maximumNumberOfMessages]);
        }
    }
}

public function run(array $options = []): void
{
       ...

        while (false === $this->shouldStop) {
            $envelopeHandled = false;
            foreach ($this->receivers as $transportName => $receiver) {
                $envelopes = $receiver->get();

                foreach ($envelopes as $envelope) {
                    $envelopeHandled = true;

                    $this->handleMessage($envelope, $receiver, $transportName);
                    $this->dispatchEvent(new WorkerRunningEvent($this, false));

                    if ($this->shouldStop) {  <--- This is where the worker stops despite the retry mechanism.
                        break 2;
                    }
                }

                // after handling a single receiver, quit and start the loop again
                // this should prevent multiple lower priority receivers from
                // blocking too long before the higher priority are checked
                if ($envelopeHandled) {
                    break;
                }
            }

            if (false === $envelopeHandled) {
                $this->dispatchEvent(new WorkerRunningEvent($this, true));

                usleep($options['sleep']);
            }
        }

        $this->dispatchEvent(new WorkerStoppedEvent($this));
    }