Conference Presentations by Sarah Gardiner
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Papers by Sarah Gardiner
Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management
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Visiting the beach environment is a major tourism motivational driver. It is therefore not surpri... more Visiting the beach environment is a major tourism motivational driver. It is therefore not surprising that beach tourism is the largest segment of international tourism arrivals worldwide. Beach tourist numbers are particularly booming in South-East Asia, where many beach destinations such as Phuket, Bali, Sabah, Boracay have emerged. China is also seeking to position itself as a beach tourism destination in international tourism markets. Hainan Island is one of China's leading domestic beach destinations, and has the ambition to become the international beach tourism hub of China. However, Hainan Island's visitation growth is under-performing in comparison to other famous beach destinations in South-East Asia due to the continuous decline of international arrivals. The challenge for Hainan Island is to boost awareness and develop an appropriate destination brand image for promotion worldwide. Effective destination branding can enhance consumer salience through the creation ...
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Bridging Tourism Theory and Practice, 2017
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The Routledge Handbook of Consumer Behaviour in Hospitality and Tourism, 2017
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Annals of Tourism Research, 2014
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Journal of Vacation Marketing, 2013
International students represent a large and potentially lucrative market for various sectors of ... more International students represent a large and potentially lucrative market for various sectors of the tourism industry. Although previous empirical studies have examined this topic, most treated the market as homogeneous and small sample sizes have been the norm. The present Australia-based study represents the first large-scale investigation of the travel activities of international students. The large sample size ( N = 4633) has allowed the researchers to identify nationality-based differences between international student travel behaviours and the factors that constrain their travel. The approach that has been adopted extends theoretical and applied understanding of this important tourism market and informs how tourism industry leaders may capitalise on the opportunities by undertaking initiatives, such as innovative tourism marketing, product development and packaging initiatives.
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International Journal of Tourism Research, 2013
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… Creating a Brilliant …, 2011
Abstract: This paper presents on a comprehensive tourism study of international students and thei... more Abstract: This paper presents on a comprehensive tourism study of international students and their visiting friends and relatives (VFRs). Whilst education is their primary reason for studying in Australia, international students may also be motivated by the various travel activities ...
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This report documents the results of a research project which aimed to enhance the quality of the... more This report documents the results of a research project which aimed to enhance the quality of the experiences provided by Australian tourism businesses. Tourism is a lead industry in the experience economy. In this new era, operators are seeking ways to provide experiences that offer unique and meaningful experiences for consumers, through dialogue and connection, rather than stock-standard, passive tours and products. As a leading Australian leisure tourism destination, the Gold Coast offers a variety of interesting and attractive experiences to its visitors and wants to be at the forefront of experiential tourism. The Gold Coast is receiving increasing numbers of Asian visitors and this research examined how to enhance the visitor experience, with a specific focus on developing product for the international student market. The research team worked closely with five Gold Coast tourism businesses which targeted younger visitors to enhance the experiences they offered. The research involved an initial series of qualitative focus groups with international students in Brisbane and the Gold Coast and was followed by a survey of both international and domestic students currently living in Australia. The results indicate that there are important differences in how to promote experiences to Asian (especially Chinese) students. Mobile phone based applications, such as Wechat, are important. The results also indicated significant cultural differences between the beach and water based attitude and behaviour of Australian and Chinese students. Fear of the open ocean and the surf waves and avoidance of the sun are frequent concerns of Chinese students. A number of recommendations as to how to address these culturally based concerns were made based on the research findings. The detailed results of the research are provided. The research project provides a model for how to improve experiential products to match the needs of new markets through close integration of academic researchers and industry participants.
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Journal of Travel Research
Prior self-validation hypothesis studies suggest that an individual’s attitude toward advertising... more Prior self-validation hypothesis studies suggest that an individual’s attitude toward advertising is affected by the cognitive processing of the message and the valence of emotion. Yet, the effect of emotional arousal and stimulus credibility on attitudes toward a destination has not been discerned. This study employs the self-validation hypothesis to investigate the effect of the three dimensions of thinking on attitudes toward Iran. Participants (N = 416) were randomly assigned to a two (high vs. low arousal) × two (high vs. low source credibility) experiment. The partial least squares multigroup analysis results indicated that the emotionally arousing stimulus led to a greater influence of the amount and confidence of thought on attitudes. The effect of the amount of thought on attitude was greater in response to a credible stimulus. This research advances knowledge by revealing that emotional arousal has a significant positive impact on three dimensions of thinking and positive ...
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Tourism Management Perspectives
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Journal of Sustainable Tourism
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Journal of Travel Research
Sustainable tourism quality control tools (QCTs) are voluntary mechanisms that translate sustaina... more Sustainable tourism quality control tools (QCTs) are voluntary mechanisms that translate sustainable tourism concepts into practice. While essential to sustainable tourism practice, the most recent depiction of their diversity occurred in the early 2000s and identified just four types and one variability parameter. Reviewing and synthesizing the extant literature, this study identifies 15 types of QCTs, each possessing numerous variations, and seven critical variability parameters. Together these constitute the new “QCT multiverse.” This contemporary perspective on QCT diversity facilitates engagement with sustainable tourism by indicating the more comprehensive array of practices available for destination practitioners and managers.
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Journal of China Tourism Research
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Journal of Destination Marketing & Management
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Tourism Review
PurposeThis review aims to discuss concepts and theories from cognitive psychology, identifies to... more PurposeThis review aims to discuss concepts and theories from cognitive psychology, identifies tourism studies applying them and discusses key areas for future research. The paper aims to demonstrate the usefulness of cognitive psychology for understanding why tourists and particularly pleasure travellers demonstrate the behaviour they exhibit. Design/methodology/approachThe paper reviews 165 papers from the cognitive psychology and literature regarding pleasure travel related to consciousness, mindfulness, flow, retrospection, prospection, attention, schema and memory, feelings and emotions. The papers are chosen to demonstrate the state of the art of the literature and provide guidance on how these concepts are vital for further research. FindingsThe paper demonstrates that research has favoured a behaviourist rather than cognitive approach to the study of hedonic travel. Cognitive psychology can help to understand the mental processes connecting perception of stimuli with behavio...
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Conference Presentations by Sarah Gardiner
Papers by Sarah Gardiner