The sending and receiving of sexually explicit photographs via cell phone, sexting has received m... more The sending and receiving of sexually explicit photographs via cell phone, sexting has received much publicity in the popular media and increasing attention in the scientific literature. The research is being fueled, in part, by the several potentially problematic psychosocial and legal consequences of sexting, particularly when the person pictured in the photograph is a minor. Despite the surveys (those published in peer-reviewed journals and elsewhere) that have been conducted, their methodological limits have left us without a clear sense of even how many male and female teens are sending, receiving, and forwarding these sexually explicit photos via cell phone. The present study surveyed over 1100 undergraduate students from a single university regarding their experience with sexting while in high school. Results revealed that over 19% of the students reported having sent nude picture of themselves to others via cell phone (i.e., sexting), over 38% reported having received such a picture from someone else, and nearly 7% admitted to having forwarded such a picture to one or more others. Sex differences regarding sexting as well as its targets and its relationship to religiosity were also explored.
Sexual abuse : a journal of research and treatment, Jan 30, 2014
Adolescents who have sexually offended have unique treatment needs. For mental health professiona... more Adolescents who have sexually offended have unique treatment needs. For mental health professionals to adequately address these unique needs, further research is necessary. To that end, we explored the assessment of sexual interest (which may play an integral role in understanding potential for sexual reoffending) in a sample of 103 male adolescents who have sexually offended. We compared results from a physiological assessment (MONARCH 21 penile plethysmography [PPG]) and an actuarial assessment (Screening Scale for Pedophilic Interest [SSPI]), plus data from an unobstrusive assessment (Affinity, a viewing time measure) in a smaller subsample of 16 male adolescents. One finding that has particular relevance for clinical assessment is that the SSPI may have limited utility with adolescents. We also found evidence for some overlap between data from PPG and viewing time assessments, although whether or not PPG data are ipsatized may affect relationships with other assessment modalities.
For the better part of a decade, a number of independent investigators have engaged in research w... more For the better part of a decade, a number of independent investigators have engaged in research which has served to articulate self-disclosure as a meaningful, measurable, and heuristic construct (Anchor and Sandler, 1973; Cozby, 1973; Derlaga, Harris and Chaikin, 1973 ; Jourard, 1971 ). Considerable interest in self-disclosure has been generated among behavioral scientists, especially insofar as it serves as a relevant behavioral dimension for parsimoniously describing interpersonal interaction. One empirical finding to emerge with a marked degree of consistency is that, in certain contexts, verbalized self-revelation does not occur capriciously. That is, self-disclosure apparently serves to stimulate further self-disclosure. Jourard used the term &dquo;dyadic effect&dquo; to describe reciprocal self-disclosure in two person interactions.
The Multiphasic Sex Inventory (MSI; Nichols &... more The Multiphasic Sex Inventory (MSI; Nichols & Molinder, 1984) is a self-report measure frequently used in the assessment of sex offenders. Scores on the MSI are often used to assess levels of pedophilic interest. However, the question of whether men with pedophilia represent a unique group distinguished by their sexual interests, or whether they are high-scorers on a continuum of sexual interest in children among men who sexually offend against children remains unanswered. Because no existing evidence points conclusively to pedophilia having either a categorical or continuous latent structure, it is unresolved whether MSI scores should be treated as a continuous measure of severity or whether a cut score should be used to categorize individuals as members of a pedophilic taxon. In the present study, the authors used 3 taxometric procedures to analyze the latent structure of pedophilic interest in a sample of 371 convicted child sex offenders. The results converged to indicate that pedophilic interest (as measured by the MSI) is dimensional. The implications of these findings for the assessment of pedophilic interest are discussed.
Twenty-three premature ejaculators (PEs) and 11 control subjects were administered 25 mg of clomi... more Twenty-three premature ejaculators (PEs) and 11 control subjects were administered 25 mg of clomipramine in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design study. During 2-week trials, subjects took either the drug or the placebo 4 to 6 hours prior to sexual activity. Daily diary data revealed that, for both groups, orgasmic latency was significantly increased when taking the clomipramine. For the PEs, the average increase in orgasmic latency during intercourse was from less than 1 minute to more than 3.5 minutes. Subjects also participated in two laboratory sessions while on the drug and placebo. During these lab sessions they were exposed to erotic videos with and without the addition of vibrotactile stimulation to the penis. Results from the laboratory data support those from the diaries. Specifically, PEs were significantly less likely to reach orgasm during the lab sessions while on the clomipramine than while on the placebo. Further, they reported a significantly greater sense of control over their orgasm while on the drug. The results of this study, along with previous research, strongly support the value of low doses of clomipramine in the treatment of premature ejaculation, specifically when taken on an as-needed basis as little as 4 hours prior to sexual activity. It is important to note, however, that the beneficial effects of the drug were not uniform across clinical subjects. In this study, those PEs with the shortest orgasmic latencies while on the placebo were the least likely to substantially improve while on the drug. Additional research is necessary to determine whether changes in the timing and dosage of the clomipramine administration can extend the benefits of the drug to those with the shortest latencies.
... Therapists' ratings of the same vari-able, based on the therapists' perceptions of ... more ... Therapists' ratings of the same vari-able, based on the therapists' perceptions of client behavior ... The process described above should be applicable to clients of both sexes, but only female ... 157 ses, clients appear increasingly willing to en-gage in high levels of self-disclosure ...
The findings suggest that the clinical supervisors surveyed associate therapist effectiveness (i.... more The findings suggest that the clinical supervisors surveyed associate therapist effectiveness (i.e., competence and sophistication) with capacity for self-revelation in the presence of clients. Trainee maturity as therapist was not correlated highly with self-disclosure, a finding that may indicate that self-disclosure is (a) more independent of the training process than competence and sophistication, and (b) that self-disclosure, as manifested in the clinical context, may be more of a trait than a state-like personality characteristic.
Several investigators (cf. 1 ) have discussed the usefulness of distinguishing between the dimens... more Several investigators (cf. 1 ) have discussed the usefulness of distinguishing between the dimensions of breadth (range or amount) and depth (intimacy) in the measurement of self-disclosure. A rather extensive scaling of stimuli for intimacy has been reported ( 2 ) . These authors presented a large number of "statements about various aspects of the self" which had been scaled for intimacy, using both college students and military personnel as raters. However, the large number (671) of items and the large standard deviations associated with many of these items prompted the present re-scaling. The Intimacy Rating Scale represents an attempt to utilize the Taylor and Altman material in such a way as to increase its empirical usefulness. Initially, the 671 items on the 10-point Taylor and Altman inventory were re-scaled to form a three-point system (low, medium, and high intimacy), based on the mean scores from their college student sample. The re-scaled items were then inspected to detect similarities in content so that the number of items might be reduced by generating fewer, but more inclusive, categories. At completion, the scale consisted of 35 categories approximately evenly divided among the three scale values. Twenty-one varied personal statements were then rated by the authors using the Intimacy Rating Scale. These statements were presented to 62 college students (11 male, 51 female), who were asked to rate the intimacy of each statement according to the following system: ( a ) non-intimate, information people would probably be willing to share with someone they did not know well; (b) moderately intimate, information people would probably share only with someone with whom they were fairly close and; ( c ) highly intimate, material people probably would share only with one of their closest friends. The mean intimacy score for each of the 21 statements was then correlated with the ratings for these items established earlier by the authors using the Intimacy Rating Scale. The Pearson product-moment correlation was .96. This high correspondence between the ratings of intimacy derived from the scale and the ratings by students indicates support for the consensual validity of the Intimacy Rating Scale.
This study examined the effects of client and therapist sex on client self-disclosure and improve... more This study examined the effects of client and therapist sex on client self-disclosure and improvement from individual psychotherapy. Based upon closing summary data collected at a college psychological counseling center, it was found that clients were more likely to be rated as low disclosers by female than by male therapists. Males viewed more clients as improved than did females (74% vs. 50%).
Objective: Men with premature ejaculation (PE) exhibit masturbation. Whereas functional men showe... more Objective: Men with premature ejaculation (PE) exhibit masturbation. Whereas functional men showed consistency in ejaculatory latency over coital and masturbatory activities, PE diminished control over and short latency to ejaculation. The present study attempted to delineate further characteristics of men exhibited much shorter latencies during coitus than masturbation. Data collected under various methodologies (retro-men with PE and to address a number of presumed hypotheses regarding the etiology of this disorder. Methods: Twenty-six spective, prospective, and laboratory) showed greater consistency among sexually functional subjects; and preliminary men with PE were compared with an age-matched group of 13 sexually functional men on multiple indices of erectile and analysis of laboratory data suggests psychophysiological methodology is as effective in differentiating dysfunctional from ejaculatory response during coital and masturbatory activities. These data were collected through retrospective, prospective, functional men as prospective and retrospective methodologies. Conclusion: Although ejaculatory latency and control tend to and laboratory methods. Results: Psychophysiological testing indicated greater ejaculatory vulnerability to penile stimula-be related, these measures are not always stable over different kinds of sexual activity or using different methods of data tion, although not visual erotic stimulation, in PE men than functional controls. PE men also showed subtle anomalies in collection. Psychophysiological methodology is effective in differentiating group membership (PE vs. control), but does not the way they perceived their somatic response. The correlation between measures of ejaculatory latency and control was posi-predict individual ejaculatory responses measured prospectively.
Self-disclosure was investigated as a process variable in group psychotherapy with chronic schizo... more Self-disclosure was investigated as a process variable in group psychotherapy with chronic schizophrenic patients. Consistent with previous data obtained from nonpsychotic populations, greater perceived therapist interpersonal facillitativeness was associated with higher levels of patient self-disclosure. In contrast to earlier findings, however, patients who were more self-revealing made less therapeutic progress than their counterparts who divulged less personal material. This failure to replicate was tentatively attributed to the limited ability of psychotic persons to integrate social feedback. The results underscore the delicacy of the psychotherapeutic undertaking with schizophrenics.
The Multiphasic Sex Inventory (MSI; Nichols &... more The Multiphasic Sex Inventory (MSI; Nichols & Molinder, 1984) is a self-report measure frequently used in the assessment of sex offenders. Scores on the MSI are often used to assess levels of pedophilic interest. However, the question of whether men with pedophilia represent a unique group distinguished by their sexual interests, or whether they are high-scorers on a continuum of sexual interest in children among men who sexually offend against children remains unanswered. Because no existing evidence points conclusively to pedophilia having either a categorical or continuous latent structure, it is unresolved whether MSI scores should be treated as a continuous measure of severity or whether a cut score should be used to categorize individuals as members of a pedophilic taxon. In the present study, the authors used 3 taxometric procedures to analyze the latent structure of pedophilic interest in a sample of 371 convicted child sex offenders. The results converged to indicate that pedophilic interest (as measured by the MSI) is dimensional. The implications of these findings for the assessment of pedophilic interest are discussed.
Sexual abuse : a journal of research and treatment, Jan 30, 2014
Adolescents who have sexually offended have unique treatment needs. For mental health professiona... more Adolescents who have sexually offended have unique treatment needs. For mental health professionals to adequately address these unique needs, further research is necessary. To that end, we explored the assessment of sexual interest (which may play an integral role in understanding potential for sexual reoffending) in a sample of 103 male adolescents who have sexually offended. We compared results from a physiological assessment (MONARCH 21 penile plethysmography [PPG]) and an actuarial assessment (Screening Scale for Pedophilic Interest [SSPI]), plus data from an unobstrusive assessment (Affinity, a viewing time measure) in a smaller subsample of 16 male adolescents. One finding that has particular relevance for clinical assessment is that the SSPI may have limited utility with adolescents. We also found evidence for some overlap between data from PPG and viewing time assessments, although whether or not PPG data are ipsatized may affect relationships with other assessment modalities.
The sending and receiving of sexually explicit photographs via cell phone, sexting has received m... more The sending and receiving of sexually explicit photographs via cell phone, sexting has received much publicity in the popular media and increasing attention in the scientific literature. The research is being fueled, in part, by the several potentially problematic psychosocial and legal consequences of sexting, particularly when the person pictured in the photograph is a minor. Despite the surveys (those published in peer-reviewed journals and elsewhere) that have been conducted, their methodological limits have left us without a clear sense of even how many male and female teens are sending, receiving, and forwarding these sexually explicit photos via cell phone. The present study surveyed over 1100 undergraduate students from a single university regarding their experience with sexting while in high school. Results revealed that over 19% of the students reported having sent nude picture of themselves to others via cell phone (i.e., sexting), over 38% reported having received such a picture from someone else, and nearly 7% admitted to having forwarded such a picture to one or more others. Sex differences regarding sexting as well as its targets and its relationship to religiosity were also explored.
The sending and receiving of sexually explicit photographs via cell phone, sexting has received m... more The sending and receiving of sexually explicit photographs via cell phone, sexting has received much publicity in the popular media and increasing attention in the scientific literature. The research is being fueled, in part, by the several potentially problematic psychosocial and legal consequences of sexting, particularly when the person pictured in the photograph is a minor. Despite the surveys (those published in peer-reviewed journals and elsewhere) that have been conducted, their methodological limits have left us without a clear sense of even how many male and female teens are sending, receiving, and forwarding these sexually explicit photos via cell phone. The present study surveyed over 1100 undergraduate students from a single university regarding their experience with sexting while in high school. Results revealed that over 19% of the students reported having sent nude picture of themselves to others via cell phone (i.e., sexting), over 38% reported having received such a picture from someone else, and nearly 7% admitted to having forwarded such a picture to one or more others. Sex differences regarding sexting as well as its targets and its relationship to religiosity were also explored.
Sexual abuse : a journal of research and treatment, Jan 30, 2014
Adolescents who have sexually offended have unique treatment needs. For mental health professiona... more Adolescents who have sexually offended have unique treatment needs. For mental health professionals to adequately address these unique needs, further research is necessary. To that end, we explored the assessment of sexual interest (which may play an integral role in understanding potential for sexual reoffending) in a sample of 103 male adolescents who have sexually offended. We compared results from a physiological assessment (MONARCH 21 penile plethysmography [PPG]) and an actuarial assessment (Screening Scale for Pedophilic Interest [SSPI]), plus data from an unobstrusive assessment (Affinity, a viewing time measure) in a smaller subsample of 16 male adolescents. One finding that has particular relevance for clinical assessment is that the SSPI may have limited utility with adolescents. We also found evidence for some overlap between data from PPG and viewing time assessments, although whether or not PPG data are ipsatized may affect relationships with other assessment modalities.
For the better part of a decade, a number of independent investigators have engaged in research w... more For the better part of a decade, a number of independent investigators have engaged in research which has served to articulate self-disclosure as a meaningful, measurable, and heuristic construct (Anchor and Sandler, 1973; Cozby, 1973; Derlaga, Harris and Chaikin, 1973 ; Jourard, 1971 ). Considerable interest in self-disclosure has been generated among behavioral scientists, especially insofar as it serves as a relevant behavioral dimension for parsimoniously describing interpersonal interaction. One empirical finding to emerge with a marked degree of consistency is that, in certain contexts, verbalized self-revelation does not occur capriciously. That is, self-disclosure apparently serves to stimulate further self-disclosure. Jourard used the term &dquo;dyadic effect&dquo; to describe reciprocal self-disclosure in two person interactions.
The Multiphasic Sex Inventory (MSI; Nichols &... more The Multiphasic Sex Inventory (MSI; Nichols & Molinder, 1984) is a self-report measure frequently used in the assessment of sex offenders. Scores on the MSI are often used to assess levels of pedophilic interest. However, the question of whether men with pedophilia represent a unique group distinguished by their sexual interests, or whether they are high-scorers on a continuum of sexual interest in children among men who sexually offend against children remains unanswered. Because no existing evidence points conclusively to pedophilia having either a categorical or continuous latent structure, it is unresolved whether MSI scores should be treated as a continuous measure of severity or whether a cut score should be used to categorize individuals as members of a pedophilic taxon. In the present study, the authors used 3 taxometric procedures to analyze the latent structure of pedophilic interest in a sample of 371 convicted child sex offenders. The results converged to indicate that pedophilic interest (as measured by the MSI) is dimensional. The implications of these findings for the assessment of pedophilic interest are discussed.
Twenty-three premature ejaculators (PEs) and 11 control subjects were administered 25 mg of clomi... more Twenty-three premature ejaculators (PEs) and 11 control subjects were administered 25 mg of clomipramine in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design study. During 2-week trials, subjects took either the drug or the placebo 4 to 6 hours prior to sexual activity. Daily diary data revealed that, for both groups, orgasmic latency was significantly increased when taking the clomipramine. For the PEs, the average increase in orgasmic latency during intercourse was from less than 1 minute to more than 3.5 minutes. Subjects also participated in two laboratory sessions while on the drug and placebo. During these lab sessions they were exposed to erotic videos with and without the addition of vibrotactile stimulation to the penis. Results from the laboratory data support those from the diaries. Specifically, PEs were significantly less likely to reach orgasm during the lab sessions while on the clomipramine than while on the placebo. Further, they reported a significantly greater sense of control over their orgasm while on the drug. The results of this study, along with previous research, strongly support the value of low doses of clomipramine in the treatment of premature ejaculation, specifically when taken on an as-needed basis as little as 4 hours prior to sexual activity. It is important to note, however, that the beneficial effects of the drug were not uniform across clinical subjects. In this study, those PEs with the shortest orgasmic latencies while on the placebo were the least likely to substantially improve while on the drug. Additional research is necessary to determine whether changes in the timing and dosage of the clomipramine administration can extend the benefits of the drug to those with the shortest latencies.
... Therapists' ratings of the same vari-able, based on the therapists' perceptions of ... more ... Therapists' ratings of the same vari-able, based on the therapists' perceptions of client behavior ... The process described above should be applicable to clients of both sexes, but only female ... 157 ses, clients appear increasingly willing to en-gage in high levels of self-disclosure ...
The findings suggest that the clinical supervisors surveyed associate therapist effectiveness (i.... more The findings suggest that the clinical supervisors surveyed associate therapist effectiveness (i.e., competence and sophistication) with capacity for self-revelation in the presence of clients. Trainee maturity as therapist was not correlated highly with self-disclosure, a finding that may indicate that self-disclosure is (a) more independent of the training process than competence and sophistication, and (b) that self-disclosure, as manifested in the clinical context, may be more of a trait than a state-like personality characteristic.
Several investigators (cf. 1 ) have discussed the usefulness of distinguishing between the dimens... more Several investigators (cf. 1 ) have discussed the usefulness of distinguishing between the dimensions of breadth (range or amount) and depth (intimacy) in the measurement of self-disclosure. A rather extensive scaling of stimuli for intimacy has been reported ( 2 ) . These authors presented a large number of "statements about various aspects of the self" which had been scaled for intimacy, using both college students and military personnel as raters. However, the large number (671) of items and the large standard deviations associated with many of these items prompted the present re-scaling. The Intimacy Rating Scale represents an attempt to utilize the Taylor and Altman material in such a way as to increase its empirical usefulness. Initially, the 671 items on the 10-point Taylor and Altman inventory were re-scaled to form a three-point system (low, medium, and high intimacy), based on the mean scores from their college student sample. The re-scaled items were then inspected to detect similarities in content so that the number of items might be reduced by generating fewer, but more inclusive, categories. At completion, the scale consisted of 35 categories approximately evenly divided among the three scale values. Twenty-one varied personal statements were then rated by the authors using the Intimacy Rating Scale. These statements were presented to 62 college students (11 male, 51 female), who were asked to rate the intimacy of each statement according to the following system: ( a ) non-intimate, information people would probably be willing to share with someone they did not know well; (b) moderately intimate, information people would probably share only with someone with whom they were fairly close and; ( c ) highly intimate, material people probably would share only with one of their closest friends. The mean intimacy score for each of the 21 statements was then correlated with the ratings for these items established earlier by the authors using the Intimacy Rating Scale. The Pearson product-moment correlation was .96. This high correspondence between the ratings of intimacy derived from the scale and the ratings by students indicates support for the consensual validity of the Intimacy Rating Scale.
This study examined the effects of client and therapist sex on client self-disclosure and improve... more This study examined the effects of client and therapist sex on client self-disclosure and improvement from individual psychotherapy. Based upon closing summary data collected at a college psychological counseling center, it was found that clients were more likely to be rated as low disclosers by female than by male therapists. Males viewed more clients as improved than did females (74% vs. 50%).
Objective: Men with premature ejaculation (PE) exhibit masturbation. Whereas functional men showe... more Objective: Men with premature ejaculation (PE) exhibit masturbation. Whereas functional men showed consistency in ejaculatory latency over coital and masturbatory activities, PE diminished control over and short latency to ejaculation. The present study attempted to delineate further characteristics of men exhibited much shorter latencies during coitus than masturbation. Data collected under various methodologies (retro-men with PE and to address a number of presumed hypotheses regarding the etiology of this disorder. Methods: Twenty-six spective, prospective, and laboratory) showed greater consistency among sexually functional subjects; and preliminary men with PE were compared with an age-matched group of 13 sexually functional men on multiple indices of erectile and analysis of laboratory data suggests psychophysiological methodology is as effective in differentiating dysfunctional from ejaculatory response during coital and masturbatory activities. These data were collected through retrospective, prospective, functional men as prospective and retrospective methodologies. Conclusion: Although ejaculatory latency and control tend to and laboratory methods. Results: Psychophysiological testing indicated greater ejaculatory vulnerability to penile stimula-be related, these measures are not always stable over different kinds of sexual activity or using different methods of data tion, although not visual erotic stimulation, in PE men than functional controls. PE men also showed subtle anomalies in collection. Psychophysiological methodology is effective in differentiating group membership (PE vs. control), but does not the way they perceived their somatic response. The correlation between measures of ejaculatory latency and control was posi-predict individual ejaculatory responses measured prospectively.
Self-disclosure was investigated as a process variable in group psychotherapy with chronic schizo... more Self-disclosure was investigated as a process variable in group psychotherapy with chronic schizophrenic patients. Consistent with previous data obtained from nonpsychotic populations, greater perceived therapist interpersonal facillitativeness was associated with higher levels of patient self-disclosure. In contrast to earlier findings, however, patients who were more self-revealing made less therapeutic progress than their counterparts who divulged less personal material. This failure to replicate was tentatively attributed to the limited ability of psychotic persons to integrate social feedback. The results underscore the delicacy of the psychotherapeutic undertaking with schizophrenics.
The Multiphasic Sex Inventory (MSI; Nichols &... more The Multiphasic Sex Inventory (MSI; Nichols & Molinder, 1984) is a self-report measure frequently used in the assessment of sex offenders. Scores on the MSI are often used to assess levels of pedophilic interest. However, the question of whether men with pedophilia represent a unique group distinguished by their sexual interests, or whether they are high-scorers on a continuum of sexual interest in children among men who sexually offend against children remains unanswered. Because no existing evidence points conclusively to pedophilia having either a categorical or continuous latent structure, it is unresolved whether MSI scores should be treated as a continuous measure of severity or whether a cut score should be used to categorize individuals as members of a pedophilic taxon. In the present study, the authors used 3 taxometric procedures to analyze the latent structure of pedophilic interest in a sample of 371 convicted child sex offenders. The results converged to indicate that pedophilic interest (as measured by the MSI) is dimensional. The implications of these findings for the assessment of pedophilic interest are discussed.
Sexual abuse : a journal of research and treatment, Jan 30, 2014
Adolescents who have sexually offended have unique treatment needs. For mental health professiona... more Adolescents who have sexually offended have unique treatment needs. For mental health professionals to adequately address these unique needs, further research is necessary. To that end, we explored the assessment of sexual interest (which may play an integral role in understanding potential for sexual reoffending) in a sample of 103 male adolescents who have sexually offended. We compared results from a physiological assessment (MONARCH 21 penile plethysmography [PPG]) and an actuarial assessment (Screening Scale for Pedophilic Interest [SSPI]), plus data from an unobstrusive assessment (Affinity, a viewing time measure) in a smaller subsample of 16 male adolescents. One finding that has particular relevance for clinical assessment is that the SSPI may have limited utility with adolescents. We also found evidence for some overlap between data from PPG and viewing time assessments, although whether or not PPG data are ipsatized may affect relationships with other assessment modalities.
The sending and receiving of sexually explicit photographs via cell phone, sexting has received m... more The sending and receiving of sexually explicit photographs via cell phone, sexting has received much publicity in the popular media and increasing attention in the scientific literature. The research is being fueled, in part, by the several potentially problematic psychosocial and legal consequences of sexting, particularly when the person pictured in the photograph is a minor. Despite the surveys (those published in peer-reviewed journals and elsewhere) that have been conducted, their methodological limits have left us without a clear sense of even how many male and female teens are sending, receiving, and forwarding these sexually explicit photos via cell phone. The present study surveyed over 1100 undergraduate students from a single university regarding their experience with sexting while in high school. Results revealed that over 19% of the students reported having sent nude picture of themselves to others via cell phone (i.e., sexting), over 38% reported having received such a picture from someone else, and nearly 7% admitted to having forwarded such a picture to one or more others. Sex differences regarding sexting as well as its targets and its relationship to religiosity were also explored.
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