Papers by S. Costamagno
Nouvelles de l' …, 2009
Résumé/Abstract Présentation du Programme collectif de recherche" des traces et des Hommes&q... more Résumé/Abstract Présentation du Programme collectif de recherche" des traces et des Hommes": dans le cadre de ce projet interdisciplinaire visant à identifier les différents facteurs à l'origine de la diversité des industries du Paléolithique moyen, un protocole ...
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Journal of Archaeological Science, 2012
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Les nouvelles de l'archéologie, 2009
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Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société.
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Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société.
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During the Tardiglacial, the significant changes in plant communities relating to climate changes... more During the Tardiglacial, the significant changes in plant communities relating to climate changes were
responsible for faunal recompositions perceptible throughout Europe. In this article, by comparing all the
AMS radiocarbon dates obtained on reindeer bone and the faunal communities derived from bone assemblages
dated between ca. 19,000 cal BP and 11,700 cal BP, we examine the disappearance of reindeer
from the southwest of France. The new dating shows that the species disappeared slightly earlier in the
Pyrenees, at ca. 14,000 cal BP, than in the northern Aquitaine where reindeer remained until ca.
13,800 cal BP. In the southwest of France, the natural range of reindeer began to fragment very early,
from the Bølling period, and by the end of the GI-1e only residual reindeer populations remained in the
Dordogne. These results are consistent with those observed throughout the rest of France and
Switzerland, where reindeer also disappeared at the GI-1e/GI-1ca transition. Further north (Belgium,
Germany, and Denmark), the species found favourable conditions for its development throughout the
GS-1. In England, reindeer remained present until the beginning of the Holocene at very low latitudes
compared to what has been observed on the continent. These results clearly illustrate the gradual
withdrawal of reindeer towards the north and east of Europe and probably the local extinction of
reindeer in Britain.
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This paper presents an overview of unpublished or recent data obtained from taphonomic and zooarc... more This paper presents an overview of unpublished or recent data obtained from taphonomic and zooarchaeological studies carried out on several Magdalenian osseous assemblages in the Gironde, most of which were performed or updated as part of the Magdatis project. These assemblages have been attributed to techno-complexes from the Lower Magdalenian (Saint-Germain-la-Rivi ere lower complex), Middle Magdalenian (Roc de Marcamps 2, Moulin-Neuf layer 2, Saint-Germain-la-Rivi ere upper complex and Fongaban) and Upper Magdalenian (Morin and row 24 of Faustin). They document, from a diachronic and synchronic standpoint, the relationships between Magdalenian hunter gatherers and their prey, principally ungulates. Our study focuses on the butchery of carcasses, from their transport to their disposal, through an investigation of the transportation methods, resources obtained, intensity of butchery, and techniques used, as well as any recurrences in the chaînes op eratoires. We also discuss the variations in the modes of consumption in relation to the size of the prey, the seasons of procurement, and the function of the sites. Irrespective of the size of the hunted games, the carcasses are incomplete. The post-cranial axial skeletons have been abandoned at the kill site. The limb and mandible bones are common, but differences are observed between the species exploited, reflecting either logistical constraints or nutritional contingencies. The resources used are diverse at the residential sites (skin, meat, marrow, tendons and hoofs). The marrow has been particularly intensely exploited regardless of the season; this advanced use does not however extend to the extraction of the fat. The results of this study indicate that, despite palaeoenvironmental and cultural changes, there were no real differences during the whole Magdalenian period in Gironde and that human groups remained faithful to the same traditions regarding the acquisition and processing of carcasses.
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Annales de …, Jan 1, 2008
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Bulletin de la Société Préhistorique française, Tome 106, n°3, p. 583-587, 2009
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Les archives glaciaires, marines et continentales témoignent d'importants changements cl... more Les archives glaciaires, marines et continentales témoignent d'importants changements climatiques et environnementaux entre 18000 et 14000 calBP. Suite à l'He1, vers 15200 cal BP, le climat se réchauffe, ce qui se répercute sur les biocénoses en place. Dans le sud ...
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Les changements climatiques survenus entre la fin du Tardiglaciaire et le début du Postglaciaire ... more Les changements climatiques survenus entre la fin du Tardiglaciaire et le début du Postglaciaire ont modifié de manière considérable l'environnement dans lequel vivaient les populations préhistoriques. Dans le Sud de la France, les grandes étendues steppiques ...
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... Un simple examen des listes fauniques montre que, quelle que soit la période consi-dérée, des... more ... Un simple examen des listes fauniques montre que, quelle que soit la période consi-dérée, des ... En effet, le développement de la forêt en relation avec le réchauffement climatique serait, selon certains auteurs ... De quelles informations disposons-nous pour aborder cette question ...
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Annales de …, Jan 1, 2008
In this paper, we try to document butchery practices from the past. We attempt to characterize th... more In this paper, we try to document butchery practices from the past. We attempt to characterize through experimental data the marks produced when dismembering using overextension of the elbow of Sheep and several bird species. For birds, the experimentation was realized with uncooked carcasses. In many cases, overextension produced break down of the olecranon fossa of the humerus, with medial wrench of the distal part. Moreover, the proximal joints of the radius and ulna are broken. Bony and uncooked forelimb Sheep bones have been dismembered by overextension. Observations were noticed only on the radio-ulnar. The ulnas had a negative wear scar up to the anconeus process. Sometimes, these marks are associated with lateral crushing of the bone. In the second part of the article, we compare our experimental data with archaeological material. Although we found many cases of dismembering by overextension on bird bones, no data were found on small ungulates material.
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Magdalenian: chronology, evolution, osseous tech by S. Costamagno
Excavated since the 1860s, the Arudy basin has yielded a number of rich Magdalenian sites that en... more Excavated since the 1860s, the Arudy basin has yielded a number of rich Magdalenian sites that enable us to address the question of the human reoccupation of the lower Pyrenean valleys at the end of the Last Glacial Maximum. Until the 1990s, it was considered that at Arudy this reoccupation started ca. 16,000 cal BP in the Middle Magdalenian and continued into the Upper Magdalenian until ca. 14,000 cal BP. However, since the mid-2000s, this picture has been modified through a series of new analyses, excavations (caves of Laa 2 and Tastet), 14C dates and reassessment of ancient collections. Evidence of human occupation ca. 20,000-19,000 cal BP, although limited, has been identified at Laa 2 and Tastet; this is consistent with numerous data obtained at Pyrenean scale showing a deglaciation of the north Pyrenean foothills as early as the end of the global LGM. The number of sites with evidence of Magdalenian has increased, showing that human presence in the basin was more intensive than previously thought. The Middle and Upper Magdalenian occupations have been redated to at least 18,000-17,500 cal BP to 15,000-14,500 cal BP, with the transition between the two phases probably occurring ca. 16,600-16,200 cal BP. The faunal records of these sites document an emphasis on horse hunting, which is not common in the northern Pyrenees, but also witness an evolution over time in the range of species hunted. Furthermore, the Pyrenean affinities of the Arudy groups and their relations with neighboring regions, such as Spain and the northern part of the Aquitaine basin, can be addressed through new evidence: in particular lithic and osseous raw materials and specific types of projectile tips. These results significantly change our view of the nature, rhythm and chronology of the Late Glacial settlement in this area.
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Papers by S. Costamagno
responsible for faunal recompositions perceptible throughout Europe. In this article, by comparing all the
AMS radiocarbon dates obtained on reindeer bone and the faunal communities derived from bone assemblages
dated between ca. 19,000 cal BP and 11,700 cal BP, we examine the disappearance of reindeer
from the southwest of France. The new dating shows that the species disappeared slightly earlier in the
Pyrenees, at ca. 14,000 cal BP, than in the northern Aquitaine where reindeer remained until ca.
13,800 cal BP. In the southwest of France, the natural range of reindeer began to fragment very early,
from the Bølling period, and by the end of the GI-1e only residual reindeer populations remained in the
Dordogne. These results are consistent with those observed throughout the rest of France and
Switzerland, where reindeer also disappeared at the GI-1e/GI-1ca transition. Further north (Belgium,
Germany, and Denmark), the species found favourable conditions for its development throughout the
GS-1. In England, reindeer remained present until the beginning of the Holocene at very low latitudes
compared to what has been observed on the continent. These results clearly illustrate the gradual
withdrawal of reindeer towards the north and east of Europe and probably the local extinction of
reindeer in Britain.
Magdalenian: chronology, evolution, osseous tech by S. Costamagno
responsible for faunal recompositions perceptible throughout Europe. In this article, by comparing all the
AMS radiocarbon dates obtained on reindeer bone and the faunal communities derived from bone assemblages
dated between ca. 19,000 cal BP and 11,700 cal BP, we examine the disappearance of reindeer
from the southwest of France. The new dating shows that the species disappeared slightly earlier in the
Pyrenees, at ca. 14,000 cal BP, than in the northern Aquitaine where reindeer remained until ca.
13,800 cal BP. In the southwest of France, the natural range of reindeer began to fragment very early,
from the Bølling period, and by the end of the GI-1e only residual reindeer populations remained in the
Dordogne. These results are consistent with those observed throughout the rest of France and
Switzerland, where reindeer also disappeared at the GI-1e/GI-1ca transition. Further north (Belgium,
Germany, and Denmark), the species found favourable conditions for its development throughout the
GS-1. In England, reindeer remained present until the beginning of the Holocene at very low latitudes
compared to what has been observed on the continent. These results clearly illustrate the gradual
withdrawal of reindeer towards the north and east of Europe and probably the local extinction of
reindeer in Britain.