Innovations in computing and communications have enabled autonomous electromechanical devices tha... more Innovations in computing and communications have enabled autonomous electromechanical devices that change their internal states in response to real time interactions with other devices, software agents, or smart sensors. A critical research challenge is to harness the electro-mechanical capabilities of these devices via ad-hoc wireless networks to actuate deliberate processes which adapt to the operational dynamics and perform collaborative missions cognitively. C3L is a language designed to capture the semantics of the dynamical architecture of such systems for conducting complex, time-critical operations. The alphabet at each level of C3L consists of atomic events and actions, controllable or uncontrollable. Using a common alphabet, independently developed heterogeneous devices can plug and play in ad hoc networked applications with individual or coordinated strategies. This language provides an integrated framework for computation, communications and situation-aware control for m...
Effectively developing complex distributed systems of interacting devices has challenged the stat... more Effectively developing complex distributed systems of interacting devices has challenged the state of the art for many years. Practical application domains like hunting for mines in the ocean using collaborating groups of unmanned, underwater vehicles have underscored the need for not only better programming languages for scalable distributed system design but also better development, modeling and visualization tools that enable
Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control, 1999
This paper presents a stochastic model of fatigue crack damage in metallic materials that are com... more This paper presents a stochastic model of fatigue crack damage in metallic materials that are commonly encountered in structures and machinery components of complex mechanical systems (e.g., aircraft, spacecraft, and power plants). The constitutive equation of the damage model is based on the physics of fracture mechanics and is validated by Karhunen-Loe`ve analysis of test data. The (nonstationary) probability distribution function (PDF) of fatigue crack damage is generated in a closed form without numerically solving stochastic differential equations in the Wiener integral or Itoˆ integral setting. The crack damage model thus allows real-time execution of decision algorithms for risk assessment and life prediction on inexpensive platforms such as a Pentium processor. The model predictions are in close agreement with experimental data of fatigue crack growth statistics for 2024-T3 and 7075-T6 aluminum alloys.
Abstract--This paper describes a fully distributed approach to target tracking that we have imple... more Abstract--This paper describes a fully distributed approach to target tracking that we have implemented and tested in a military setting. The approach is built upon local sharing of robust statistics that summarize local events. Local collaboration extracts detection information such as time, ...
2nd International Conference on Testbeds and Research Infrastructures for the Development of Networks and Communities, 2006. TRIDENTCOM 2006., 2006
... Pratik K. Biswas and Shashi Phoha Applied Research Laboratory Penn State University State Col... more ... Pratik K. Biswas and Shashi Phoha Applied Research Laboratory Penn State University State College, PA 16804 pbiswas@optonline.net T ... 2. Target Localizer → Virtual/Real (static) Sensor Nodes (TCP/IP) i. Track-info: Path (Positions), velocity, acceleration 3. Target Localizer ...
In this paper, we formulate a class of language-based specifications for modeling the desired beh... more In this paper, we formulate a class of language-based specifications for modeling the desired behavior of a system of distributed autonomous discrete event systems. We model system behavior using a formal language-based representation of a process. We identify singularity and congruence as inherent constraints on processes in such systems. We define normal processes to be those that are both singular and congruent, and show that normal processes are well-behaved. In particular, they possess a necessary characteristic for conversion into automaton-based models, i.e., they can be uniquely represented by a formal language.
GLOBECOM '03. IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37489)
Abstract The severe power, time and processing constraints on ad hoc wireless sensor networks for... more Abstract The severe power, time and processing constraints on ad hoc wireless sensor networks for area surveillance require in-situ adaptations to conserve resources and optimize performance. In particular, it may be necessary to make dynamic tradeoffs between ...
ABSTRACT Semantic Source Coding for Lossy Video Compression investigates methods for Mission-orie... more ABSTRACT Semantic Source Coding for Lossy Video Compression investigates methods for Mission-oriented lossy image compression, by developing methods to use different compression levels for different portions of an image based on their utility in understanding the scene depicted. We have used semantic methods, including pattern discovery, wavelet-based segmentation and texture segmentation to extract the essential predictive information in the image. Described are mission oriented approaches to image pre-processing, image and video segmentation, quality comparison, compression, and two complete systems for lossy video compression.
Proceedings of the 2004 Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information Processing Conference, 2004.
ABSTRACT We present a hybrid, multilayered, agent-oriented architecture for distributed sensor ne... more ABSTRACT We present a hybrid, multilayered, agent-oriented architecture for distributed sensor networks. We propose an agent-based middleware that bridges the gap between the programmable application layer consisting of software agents and the physical layer consisting of extremely small, low power devices that combine programmable computing with sensing, tracking and wireless communication capabilities. The middleware supports mechanisms for communication, mobility, cooperative data mining, querying, tasking, self-organization and administration of the constituent sensor nodes to build higher-level, interoperable applications with software agents. We discuss two major middleware components, namely, CCL, a command and control language, and STACS, a programmable controller synthesizer. We explain how the controller can be used to configure the behavior of a node and CCL to command and control the nodes in a sensor network. We provide frameworks for communication and mobility. We suggest an agent model that integrates the software agents of the application with the hardware agents of the physical environment. We describe an integrated target tracking experiment, to demonstrate an implementation of this architecture. Finally, we conclude with an insight to our future challenges.
2013 8th International Conference on Computer Science & Education, 2013
ABSTRACT The interactive dynamics of goal-oriented multi-agent networked robots with on-board sen... more ABSTRACT The interactive dynamics of goal-oriented multi-agent networked robots with on-board sensing, computation, and actuation devices, present a complex distributed computational environment of high dimensionality. The generating physics of such a system operating in an uncertain environment can be adequately captured in an artificial language that expresses the causal patterns observable in sensor data with maximal compression while preserving the statistical predictability of system states under Markovian assumptions. Hence it enables time-constrained in-situ distributed computation, communication, and data-driven adaptive control in resource-constrained uncertain operational environments. The multivariate sensor data is partitioned and symbolized for deriving the alphabet of the language. Observed data from multiple sensors is expressed as a univariate sequence of symbols from this alphabet. The semantics of the language are extracted from the observed data streams as invariant patterns which capture the essential causal structure of the dynamic system. An undersea mine-hunting mission using an undersea robot with on-board side-scan sonar is used to illustrate the development and use of this physics-driven computational language for time-constrained situational awareness and adaptive control.
CHAPTER 7 Integrated prognostics, maintenance and life-extending control of continuous-time produ... more CHAPTER 7 Integrated prognostics, maintenance and life-extending control of continuous-time production processes Asok Ray and Shashi Phoha Global economic competition has resulted in increased emphasis on the maintenance and life extension of existing plant ...
Proceedings of the 2003 American Control Conference, 2003.
... Using Symbolic Dynamics' David Friedlander lshanu Chattopadbyay Asok Ray Shashi Phoha No... more ... Using Symbolic Dynamics' David Friedlander lshanu Chattopadbyay Asok Ray Shashi Phoha Noah Jacobson The Pennsylvania State University University Park, PA 16802 ... 0-7803-7896-2/ 03/$17.00 02003 IEEE 4275 Denver, Colorado June 4-6. 2003 Page 2. ...
International Conference on Information Technology: Coding and Computing (ITCC'05) - Volume II, 2005
Abstract Software coding practices, in the interest of efficiency, often ignore to enforce strict... more Abstract Software coding practices, in the interest of efficiency, often ignore to enforce strict bound checking on buffers, arrays and pointers. This results in software code that is more vulnerable to security intrusions exploiting buffer overflow vulnerabilities. Unfortunately, ...
Autonomous Sensor Networks have the potential for broad applicability to national security, intel... more Autonomous Sensor Networks have the potential for broad applicability to national security, intelligent transportation, industrial production and environmental and hazardous process control. Distributed sensors may be used for detecting bio-terrorist attacks, for contraband interdiction, border ...
Proceedings of the 2003 American Control Conference, 2003.
This paper develops a novel technique of discrete-event supervisory control for fault mitigation ... more This paper develops a novel technique of discrete-event supervisory control for fault mitigation in software applications. It models the interactions between a software application and a computer operating system (OS) as a deterministic finite state automation. The supervisor restricts the language of the OS to correct deviations such as CPU exceptions for the controlled execution of software applications. Feasibility of
Proceedings of the 2010 American Control Conference, 2010
We propose a design approach for sensor networks based on formal linguistic representations of in... more We propose a design approach for sensor networks based on formal linguistic representations of information. The approach exploits the concepts of space-time neighborhoods for dynamic sensor grid formation in the vicinity of an event, and symbolization and nonlinear filtering to formulate rigorous mathematical methods that capture the causal dynamics of distributed fusion processes. We formulate the Fundamental Equation of Linguistic
Innovations in computing and communications have enabled autonomous electromechanical devices tha... more Innovations in computing and communications have enabled autonomous electromechanical devices that change their internal states in response to real time interactions with other devices, software agents, or smart sensors. A critical research challenge is to harness the electro-mechanical capabilities of these devices via ad-hoc wireless networks to actuate deliberate processes which adapt to the operational dynamics and perform collaborative missions cognitively. C3L is a language designed to capture the semantics of the dynamical architecture of such systems for conducting complex, time-critical operations. The alphabet at each level of C3L consists of atomic events and actions, controllable or uncontrollable. Using a common alphabet, independently developed heterogeneous devices can plug and play in ad hoc networked applications with individual or coordinated strategies. This language provides an integrated framework for computation, communications and situation-aware control for m...
Effectively developing complex distributed systems of interacting devices has challenged the stat... more Effectively developing complex distributed systems of interacting devices has challenged the state of the art for many years. Practical application domains like hunting for mines in the ocean using collaborating groups of unmanned, underwater vehicles have underscored the need for not only better programming languages for scalable distributed system design but also better development, modeling and visualization tools that enable
Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control, 1999
This paper presents a stochastic model of fatigue crack damage in metallic materials that are com... more This paper presents a stochastic model of fatigue crack damage in metallic materials that are commonly encountered in structures and machinery components of complex mechanical systems (e.g., aircraft, spacecraft, and power plants). The constitutive equation of the damage model is based on the physics of fracture mechanics and is validated by Karhunen-Loe`ve analysis of test data. The (nonstationary) probability distribution function (PDF) of fatigue crack damage is generated in a closed form without numerically solving stochastic differential equations in the Wiener integral or Itoˆ integral setting. The crack damage model thus allows real-time execution of decision algorithms for risk assessment and life prediction on inexpensive platforms such as a Pentium processor. The model predictions are in close agreement with experimental data of fatigue crack growth statistics for 2024-T3 and 7075-T6 aluminum alloys.
Abstract--This paper describes a fully distributed approach to target tracking that we have imple... more Abstract--This paper describes a fully distributed approach to target tracking that we have implemented and tested in a military setting. The approach is built upon local sharing of robust statistics that summarize local events. Local collaboration extracts detection information such as time, ...
2nd International Conference on Testbeds and Research Infrastructures for the Development of Networks and Communities, 2006. TRIDENTCOM 2006., 2006
... Pratik K. Biswas and Shashi Phoha Applied Research Laboratory Penn State University State Col... more ... Pratik K. Biswas and Shashi Phoha Applied Research Laboratory Penn State University State College, PA 16804 pbiswas@optonline.net T ... 2. Target Localizer → Virtual/Real (static) Sensor Nodes (TCP/IP) i. Track-info: Path (Positions), velocity, acceleration 3. Target Localizer ...
In this paper, we formulate a class of language-based specifications for modeling the desired beh... more In this paper, we formulate a class of language-based specifications for modeling the desired behavior of a system of distributed autonomous discrete event systems. We model system behavior using a formal language-based representation of a process. We identify singularity and congruence as inherent constraints on processes in such systems. We define normal processes to be those that are both singular and congruent, and show that normal processes are well-behaved. In particular, they possess a necessary characteristic for conversion into automaton-based models, i.e., they can be uniquely represented by a formal language.
GLOBECOM '03. IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37489)
Abstract The severe power, time and processing constraints on ad hoc wireless sensor networks for... more Abstract The severe power, time and processing constraints on ad hoc wireless sensor networks for area surveillance require in-situ adaptations to conserve resources and optimize performance. In particular, it may be necessary to make dynamic tradeoffs between ...
ABSTRACT Semantic Source Coding for Lossy Video Compression investigates methods for Mission-orie... more ABSTRACT Semantic Source Coding for Lossy Video Compression investigates methods for Mission-oriented lossy image compression, by developing methods to use different compression levels for different portions of an image based on their utility in understanding the scene depicted. We have used semantic methods, including pattern discovery, wavelet-based segmentation and texture segmentation to extract the essential predictive information in the image. Described are mission oriented approaches to image pre-processing, image and video segmentation, quality comparison, compression, and two complete systems for lossy video compression.
Proceedings of the 2004 Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information Processing Conference, 2004.
ABSTRACT We present a hybrid, multilayered, agent-oriented architecture for distributed sensor ne... more ABSTRACT We present a hybrid, multilayered, agent-oriented architecture for distributed sensor networks. We propose an agent-based middleware that bridges the gap between the programmable application layer consisting of software agents and the physical layer consisting of extremely small, low power devices that combine programmable computing with sensing, tracking and wireless communication capabilities. The middleware supports mechanisms for communication, mobility, cooperative data mining, querying, tasking, self-organization and administration of the constituent sensor nodes to build higher-level, interoperable applications with software agents. We discuss two major middleware components, namely, CCL, a command and control language, and STACS, a programmable controller synthesizer. We explain how the controller can be used to configure the behavior of a node and CCL to command and control the nodes in a sensor network. We provide frameworks for communication and mobility. We suggest an agent model that integrates the software agents of the application with the hardware agents of the physical environment. We describe an integrated target tracking experiment, to demonstrate an implementation of this architecture. Finally, we conclude with an insight to our future challenges.
2013 8th International Conference on Computer Science & Education, 2013
ABSTRACT The interactive dynamics of goal-oriented multi-agent networked robots with on-board sen... more ABSTRACT The interactive dynamics of goal-oriented multi-agent networked robots with on-board sensing, computation, and actuation devices, present a complex distributed computational environment of high dimensionality. The generating physics of such a system operating in an uncertain environment can be adequately captured in an artificial language that expresses the causal patterns observable in sensor data with maximal compression while preserving the statistical predictability of system states under Markovian assumptions. Hence it enables time-constrained in-situ distributed computation, communication, and data-driven adaptive control in resource-constrained uncertain operational environments. The multivariate sensor data is partitioned and symbolized for deriving the alphabet of the language. Observed data from multiple sensors is expressed as a univariate sequence of symbols from this alphabet. The semantics of the language are extracted from the observed data streams as invariant patterns which capture the essential causal structure of the dynamic system. An undersea mine-hunting mission using an undersea robot with on-board side-scan sonar is used to illustrate the development and use of this physics-driven computational language for time-constrained situational awareness and adaptive control.
CHAPTER 7 Integrated prognostics, maintenance and life-extending control of continuous-time produ... more CHAPTER 7 Integrated prognostics, maintenance and life-extending control of continuous-time production processes Asok Ray and Shashi Phoha Global economic competition has resulted in increased emphasis on the maintenance and life extension of existing plant ...
Proceedings of the 2003 American Control Conference, 2003.
... Using Symbolic Dynamics' David Friedlander lshanu Chattopadbyay Asok Ray Shashi Phoha No... more ... Using Symbolic Dynamics' David Friedlander lshanu Chattopadbyay Asok Ray Shashi Phoha Noah Jacobson The Pennsylvania State University University Park, PA 16802 ... 0-7803-7896-2/ 03/$17.00 02003 IEEE 4275 Denver, Colorado June 4-6. 2003 Page 2. ...
International Conference on Information Technology: Coding and Computing (ITCC'05) - Volume II, 2005
Abstract Software coding practices, in the interest of efficiency, often ignore to enforce strict... more Abstract Software coding practices, in the interest of efficiency, often ignore to enforce strict bound checking on buffers, arrays and pointers. This results in software code that is more vulnerable to security intrusions exploiting buffer overflow vulnerabilities. Unfortunately, ...
Autonomous Sensor Networks have the potential for broad applicability to national security, intel... more Autonomous Sensor Networks have the potential for broad applicability to national security, intelligent transportation, industrial production and environmental and hazardous process control. Distributed sensors may be used for detecting bio-terrorist attacks, for contraband interdiction, border ...
Proceedings of the 2003 American Control Conference, 2003.
This paper develops a novel technique of discrete-event supervisory control for fault mitigation ... more This paper develops a novel technique of discrete-event supervisory control for fault mitigation in software applications. It models the interactions between a software application and a computer operating system (OS) as a deterministic finite state automation. The supervisor restricts the language of the OS to correct deviations such as CPU exceptions for the controlled execution of software applications. Feasibility of
Proceedings of the 2010 American Control Conference, 2010
We propose a design approach for sensor networks based on formal linguistic representations of in... more We propose a design approach for sensor networks based on formal linguistic representations of information. The approach exploits the concepts of space-time neighborhoods for dynamic sensor grid formation in the vicinity of an event, and symbolization and nonlinear filtering to formulate rigorous mathematical methods that capture the causal dynamics of distributed fusion processes. We formulate the Fundamental Equation of Linguistic
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Papers by S. Phoha