Recognition of the multiple types of value of marine resources is crucial to help design locally ... more Recognition of the multiple types of value of marine resources is crucial to help design locally meaningful and sustainable management approaches for marine and coastal habitats. There is a lack of information on the amount of living marine resources harvested by coastal communities in many Pacific Island Countries and Territories (PICTs), as well as on their economic and non-economic value. This paper explores the monetary, subsistence, and sociocultural value of selected marine resources (finfish and invertebrates) in Kadavu province, Fiji, based on a household survey and semi-structured interviews conducted in 2019 within one specific district. The paper provides estimates of the annual catch and monetary value of marine resources harvested by local communities at both the district and provincial levels, derived from catch and effort information collected from fishers and gleaners in situ. It also highlights the importance of integrating the sociocultural significance of marine r...
Recognition of the multiple types of value of marine resources is crucial to help design locally ... more Recognition of the multiple types of value of marine resources is crucial to help design locally meaningful and sustainable management approaches for marine and coastal habitats. There is a lack of information on the amount of living marine resources harvested by coastal communities in many Pacific Island Countries and Territories (PICTs), as well as on their economic and noneconomic value. This paper explores the monetary, subsistence, and sociocultural value of selected marine resources (finfish and invertebrates) in Kadavu province, Fiji, based on a household survey and semi-structured interviews conducted in 2019 within one specific district. The paper provides estimates of the annual catch and monetary value of marine resources harvested by local communities at both the district and provincial levels, derived from catch and effort information collected from fishers and gleaners in situ. It also highlights the importance of integrating the sociocultural significance of marine resources into future value assessments.
Baseline data for the project sites include the DoFM and WWF-M collaborative surveys in 1994 (Aik... more Baseline data for the project sites include the DoFM and WWF-M collaborative surveys in 1994 (Aikanathan and Wong, 1994) and surveys undertaken by Lim and Spring (1997). Earlier in 2000, WWF-M undertook a series of surveys to update WWF-Malaysia's Biodiversity Report for the Tioman archipelago (Hendry, 2000). However, very little recent information exists on the status, health and biodiversity of the coral reefs at many proposed project sites. It is, therefore, impossible to determine whether trends indicate biodiversity loss and declining ecosystem health or whether some reefs are in good condition and restoration is occurring in the more impacted areas. In order to fill the significant gaps in knowledge, a rapid, detailed field survey by Coral Cay Conservation Ltd (CCC) was proposed before the onset of the 2000 northeast monsoon (approximately November to March). The two key aims of the field team 1 were to document the project sites' biodiversity and to provide data on the health of the coral reefs. Surveys and data analysis were also intended to provide information to expand the initial threats analysis completed during the PDF-A phase. This report documents the results of the CCC field survey. 1 The CCC field team, assisted by DoFM staff, consisted of: Dr Douglas Fenner (DF, coral specialist), Maria Beger (MB, fish specialist), Dr Simon Harding and Toby Roxburgh (SH and TR, reef health and zonation surveys) and Amy Barnes (AB, logistics and training coordinator). DF and MB are affiliated to Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB No 3, TMC, Townsville, QLD, 4810, Australia. Alastair Harborne (AH) joined the team following the field survey to coordinate data analysis and report production.
The decline of the European oyster Ostrea edulis across its biogeographic range has been driven l... more The decline of the European oyster Ostrea edulis across its biogeographic range has been driven largely by over-fishing and anthropogenic habitat destruction, often to the point of functional extinction. However, other negatively interacting factors attributing to this catastrophic decline include disease, invasive species and pollution. In addition, a relatively complex life history characterized by sporadic spawning renders O. edulis biologically vulnerable to overexploitation. As a viviparous species, successful reproduction in O. edulis populations is density dependent to a greater degree than broadcast spawning oviparous species such as the Pacific oyster Crassostrea (Magallana) gigas. Here, we report on the benthic assemblage of O. edulis and the invasive gastropod Crepidula fornicata across three actively managed South coast harbors in one of the few remaining O. edulis fisheries in the UK. Long-term data reveals that numbers of O. edulis sampled within Chichester Harbour hav...
Reef Check and GCRMN survey techniques were compared between the same volunteer divers on the sam... more Reef Check and GCRMN survey techniques were compared between the same volunteer divers on the same reef after different periods of training. Greenforce volunteers with no prior reef surveying experience were firstly taught to dive and then trained in reef fauna and flora identificati on and surveying techniques. After training, volunteers performed surveys using both Reef Check and the more detailed GCRMN categories. Three weeks later, the volunteers resurveyed the same transect lines. In addition, transects were surveyed by the on -site science staff. Most Reef Check categories were identified and counted correctly at all levels of experience. Useful information could also be collected by volunteers using the more detailed GCRMN benthic codes and fish survey techniques. Reef fish were easily identified to family and most target species were identified correctly. Experienced surveyors (staff) recorded a few additional species, but there was no significant difference between the numb...
This study has provided detailed biophysical information on shallow to mid-depth coral reef habit... more This study has provided detailed biophysical information on shallow to mid-depth coral reef habitats for the existing National Marine Parks at Masoala and Mananara and for the recently designated Sahamalaza National Park, all located in northern Madagascar. Data indicates that large scale disturbance events such as severe tropical storms are a major influence on shallow and mid-depth coral reef habitats in the marine parks. Differences in benthic composition were also governed by differences in marine habitat according to exposure gradients. A preliminary investigation of the effects of management practices on coral reef fauna did not reveal any significant differences between park zones, such as higher reef fish biomass in protected compared to unprotected reefs. Low to moderate fishing pressure on reefs adjacent to marine parks is likely to be a primary contributing factor to this lack of difference in marine resource availability between management zones.
Baseline data for the project sites include the DoFM and WWF-M collaborative surveys in 1994 (Aik... more Baseline data for the project sites include the DoFM and WWF-M collaborative surveys in 1994 (Aikanathan and Wong, 1994) and surveys undertaken by Lim and Spring (1997). Earlier in 2000, WWF-M undertook a series of surveys to update WWF-Malaysia's Biodiversity Report for the Tioman archipelago (Hendry, 2000). However, very little recent information exists on the status, health and biodiversity of the coral reefs at many proposed project sites. It is, therefore, impossible to determine whether trends indicate biodiversity loss and declining ecosystem health or whether some reefs are in good condition and restoration is occurring in the more impacted areas. In order to fill the significant gaps in knowledge, a rapid, detailed field survey by Coral Cay Conservation Ltd (CCC) was proposed before the onset of the 2000 northeast monsoon (approximately November to March). The two key aims of the field team 1 were to document the project sites' biodiversity and to provide data on the health of the coral reefs. Surveys and data analysis were also intended to provide information to expand the initial threats analysis completed during the PDF-A phase. This report documents the results of the CCC field survey. 1 The CCC field team, assisted by DoFM staff, consisted of: Dr Douglas Fenner (DF, coral specialist), Maria Beger (MB, fish specialist), Dr Simon Harding and Toby Roxburgh (SH and TR, reef health and zonation surveys) and Amy Barnes (AB, logistics and training coordinator). DF and MB are affiliated to Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB No 3, TMC, Townsville, QLD, 4810, Australia. Alastair Harborne (AH) joined the team following the field survey to coordinate data analysis and report production.
Reef fish were counted and identified at selected sites in the Banggi Channel according to ReefCh... more Reef fish were counted and identified at selected sites in the Banggi Channel according to ReefCheck and GCRMN baseline survey techniques. Teams of Greenforce volunteers who were participating in an expedition in the Banggi Islands of Sabah, East Malaysia were used to carry out the surveys. Volunteers were trained in scuba diving, reef fish identification and surveying techniques. Reef fish were identified to family and also to species where possible. The list presented here is for six sites and two or three depths at each site. Fifteen fish families were targeted whilst other families were also recorded when seen. Diversity varied between sites and with depth. Two sites, Pinnacle 3 and Red Stick were the most diverse which was attributed to a combination of remaining intact physical complexity, site remoteness and habitat richness. Two fish families, which are generally not targets for fishermen, were the most diverse; damselfish (Pomacentrids) and wrasse (Labrids). The highest diversity of damselfish was recorded in the shallowest surveys above 5 metres. Few species of commercial food fish were recorded. In fact most families had fewer than five different species recorded at each site. All sites showed evidence of destructive fishing practises; broken corals, blasted patches, rubble areas and entangled fishing net fragments, but to varying degrees. It is suggested that the diversity recorded may be related to a combination of natural and anthropogenic factors. The amount of damage caused by destructive and non destructive fishing practises is a crucial factor in the resulting biodiversity of reef fish .
Coral Cay Conservation, a United Kingdom-based not-for-profit organization, operates using teams ... more Coral Cay Conservation, a United Kingdom-based not-for-profit organization, operates using teams of international volunteers to conduct coral reef and tropical marine resource assessments in order to provide a baseline of data to facilitate marine resource management. This modus operandi provides the resources necessary to conduct a detailed study at minimal cost to the host country partners. This paper introduces a technique of data analysis to define the conservation value of the shallow (o30 m) tropical coastal environment. All data initially undergoes multivariate analysis to define discrete benthic habitat classes using the methods described by Mumby and Harborne [Development of a systematic classification scheme of marine habitats to facilitate regional management and mapping of Caribbean coral reefs. Biological Conservation 1999;88:155-63]. Subsequent analysis of benthic and reef fish data in terms of biodiversity and reef health indices allows spatial comparison of sites of differing conservation value and the geographic delineation of areas suitable for Marine Protected Area status.
On 1st April 2010, the British Government announced designation of the British Indian Ocean Terri... more On 1st April 2010, the British Government announced designation of the British Indian Ocean Territoryor Chagos Archipelago-as the world's largest marine protected area (MPA). This near pristine ocean ecosystem now represents 16% of the worlds fully protected coral reef, 60% of the world's no-take protected areas and an uncontaminated reference site for ecological studies. In addition these gains for biodiversity conservation, the Chagos/BIOT MPA also offers subsidiary opportunities to act as a fisheries management tool for the western Indian Ocean, considering its size and location. While the benefits of MPAs for coralreef dwelling species are established, there is uncertainty about their effects on pelagic migratory species. This paper reviews the increasing body of evidence to demonstrate that positive, measurable reserve effects exist for pelagic populations and that migratory species can benefit from no-take marine reserves.
Whale sharks are known to occur in Malagasy waters although very little research has been complet... more Whale sharks are known to occur in Malagasy waters although very little research has been completed to further document the species. In order to increase the current national knowledge of the species, it is planned to conduct whale shark surveys in Madagascar. An initial investigation based on interviews of local fishers and dive operators was completed to establish the logistical baseline for such surveys. It was found that whale sharks are present around the majority of the Madagascar coastline but most known sightings have occurred along the northwestern coast. In Nosy Be, it appears whale sharks occur all year round, particularly during planktonic blooms. Plans for further assessment involving a combination of boat based observations, photo identification, and acoustic and satellite tagging are described.
Artificial discs were used to monitor the settlement and development of Fucus serratus propagules... more Artificial discs were used to monitor the settlement and development of Fucus serratus propagules in five areas cleared of an adult canopy, in order to test the assumptions that sizes of recently settled propagules are normally distributed but that over time plant sizes become more variable and hierarchical. Settlement was spatially (3-20 m) variable only at the beginning and end of the settlement period, and at the time when most settlement took place (88% in a fortnight) no differences between areas were found. Increases in the skewness coefficient, Gini coefficient and coefficient of variation confirmed that there was not a size hierarchy in the recently settled population, but 8 months later sizes of plants were variable and a positive skew in plant sizes (many small and few big) developed. Mortality was high at first (70% in 1 month) but fell considerably later. F. serratus behaves like most higher plants with respect to changing population structure. The observed change in population structure provided evidence of how a "seed bank" develops in an algal population, as I year after settlement an estimated 37 000 plants m 1 are still <I mm in length.
Reef Check and GCRMN survey techniques were compared between the same volunteer divers on the sam... more Reef Check and GCRMN survey techniques were compared between the same volunteer divers on the same reef after different periods of training. Greenforce volunteers with no prior reef surveying experience were firstly taught to dive and then trained in reef ...
The success of the establishment and development of the Southern Leyte Coral Reef Conservation Pr... more The success of the establishment and development of the Southern Leyte Coral Reef Conservation Project would not have been possible without the insight and support provided by the following: • The Provincial Government of Southern Leyte, particularly: Governor Rosette Y. Lerias for her vision and constant encouragement, Board Member Hon. Eva L. Tomol, for her generous help and inspiration and Provincial Administrator, Genis S. Murallos for his ongoing support. • Gerry L. Ledesma and all of the team at The Philippines Reef and Rainforest Conservation Foundation, Inc. (PRRCFI). • Neil Pretencio, for his boundless knowledge and guidance. • Nedgar V. Garves, Dag Hilmar Navarette and the rest of the hard working team at the Provincial Tourism Office of Southern Leyte. • Municipal Planning and Development Coordinators, Ranulfo Capilitan (Malitbog) and Engineer Emmanuel Gulay (Padre Burgos) for their problem solving abilities. • Board Member Hon. Jason C. Calva and Lloyd Abiera for being dependable friends to CCC, of which we are very appreciative. • The Mayors and Barangay Captains of the Municipalities of Sogod Bay.
Recognition of the multiple types of value of marine resources is crucial to help design locally ... more Recognition of the multiple types of value of marine resources is crucial to help design locally meaningful and sustainable management approaches for marine and coastal habitats. There is a lack of information on the amount of living marine resources harvested by coastal communities in many Pacific Island Countries and Territories (PICTs), as well as on their economic and non-economic value. This paper explores the monetary, subsistence, and sociocultural value of selected marine resources (finfish and invertebrates) in Kadavu province, Fiji, based on a household survey and semi-structured interviews conducted in 2019 within one specific district. The paper provides estimates of the annual catch and monetary value of marine resources harvested by local communities at both the district and provincial levels, derived from catch and effort information collected from fishers and gleaners in situ. It also highlights the importance of integrating the sociocultural significance of marine r...
Recognition of the multiple types of value of marine resources is crucial to help design locally ... more Recognition of the multiple types of value of marine resources is crucial to help design locally meaningful and sustainable management approaches for marine and coastal habitats. There is a lack of information on the amount of living marine resources harvested by coastal communities in many Pacific Island Countries and Territories (PICTs), as well as on their economic and noneconomic value. This paper explores the monetary, subsistence, and sociocultural value of selected marine resources (finfish and invertebrates) in Kadavu province, Fiji, based on a household survey and semi-structured interviews conducted in 2019 within one specific district. The paper provides estimates of the annual catch and monetary value of marine resources harvested by local communities at both the district and provincial levels, derived from catch and effort information collected from fishers and gleaners in situ. It also highlights the importance of integrating the sociocultural significance of marine resources into future value assessments.
Baseline data for the project sites include the DoFM and WWF-M collaborative surveys in 1994 (Aik... more Baseline data for the project sites include the DoFM and WWF-M collaborative surveys in 1994 (Aikanathan and Wong, 1994) and surveys undertaken by Lim and Spring (1997). Earlier in 2000, WWF-M undertook a series of surveys to update WWF-Malaysia's Biodiversity Report for the Tioman archipelago (Hendry, 2000). However, very little recent information exists on the status, health and biodiversity of the coral reefs at many proposed project sites. It is, therefore, impossible to determine whether trends indicate biodiversity loss and declining ecosystem health or whether some reefs are in good condition and restoration is occurring in the more impacted areas. In order to fill the significant gaps in knowledge, a rapid, detailed field survey by Coral Cay Conservation Ltd (CCC) was proposed before the onset of the 2000 northeast monsoon (approximately November to March). The two key aims of the field team 1 were to document the project sites' biodiversity and to provide data on the health of the coral reefs. Surveys and data analysis were also intended to provide information to expand the initial threats analysis completed during the PDF-A phase. This report documents the results of the CCC field survey. 1 The CCC field team, assisted by DoFM staff, consisted of: Dr Douglas Fenner (DF, coral specialist), Maria Beger (MB, fish specialist), Dr Simon Harding and Toby Roxburgh (SH and TR, reef health and zonation surveys) and Amy Barnes (AB, logistics and training coordinator). DF and MB are affiliated to Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB No 3, TMC, Townsville, QLD, 4810, Australia. Alastair Harborne (AH) joined the team following the field survey to coordinate data analysis and report production.
The decline of the European oyster Ostrea edulis across its biogeographic range has been driven l... more The decline of the European oyster Ostrea edulis across its biogeographic range has been driven largely by over-fishing and anthropogenic habitat destruction, often to the point of functional extinction. However, other negatively interacting factors attributing to this catastrophic decline include disease, invasive species and pollution. In addition, a relatively complex life history characterized by sporadic spawning renders O. edulis biologically vulnerable to overexploitation. As a viviparous species, successful reproduction in O. edulis populations is density dependent to a greater degree than broadcast spawning oviparous species such as the Pacific oyster Crassostrea (Magallana) gigas. Here, we report on the benthic assemblage of O. edulis and the invasive gastropod Crepidula fornicata across three actively managed South coast harbors in one of the few remaining O. edulis fisheries in the UK. Long-term data reveals that numbers of O. edulis sampled within Chichester Harbour hav...
Reef Check and GCRMN survey techniques were compared between the same volunteer divers on the sam... more Reef Check and GCRMN survey techniques were compared between the same volunteer divers on the same reef after different periods of training. Greenforce volunteers with no prior reef surveying experience were firstly taught to dive and then trained in reef fauna and flora identificati on and surveying techniques. After training, volunteers performed surveys using both Reef Check and the more detailed GCRMN categories. Three weeks later, the volunteers resurveyed the same transect lines. In addition, transects were surveyed by the on -site science staff. Most Reef Check categories were identified and counted correctly at all levels of experience. Useful information could also be collected by volunteers using the more detailed GCRMN benthic codes and fish survey techniques. Reef fish were easily identified to family and most target species were identified correctly. Experienced surveyors (staff) recorded a few additional species, but there was no significant difference between the numb...
This study has provided detailed biophysical information on shallow to mid-depth coral reef habit... more This study has provided detailed biophysical information on shallow to mid-depth coral reef habitats for the existing National Marine Parks at Masoala and Mananara and for the recently designated Sahamalaza National Park, all located in northern Madagascar. Data indicates that large scale disturbance events such as severe tropical storms are a major influence on shallow and mid-depth coral reef habitats in the marine parks. Differences in benthic composition were also governed by differences in marine habitat according to exposure gradients. A preliminary investigation of the effects of management practices on coral reef fauna did not reveal any significant differences between park zones, such as higher reef fish biomass in protected compared to unprotected reefs. Low to moderate fishing pressure on reefs adjacent to marine parks is likely to be a primary contributing factor to this lack of difference in marine resource availability between management zones.
Baseline data for the project sites include the DoFM and WWF-M collaborative surveys in 1994 (Aik... more Baseline data for the project sites include the DoFM and WWF-M collaborative surveys in 1994 (Aikanathan and Wong, 1994) and surveys undertaken by Lim and Spring (1997). Earlier in 2000, WWF-M undertook a series of surveys to update WWF-Malaysia's Biodiversity Report for the Tioman archipelago (Hendry, 2000). However, very little recent information exists on the status, health and biodiversity of the coral reefs at many proposed project sites. It is, therefore, impossible to determine whether trends indicate biodiversity loss and declining ecosystem health or whether some reefs are in good condition and restoration is occurring in the more impacted areas. In order to fill the significant gaps in knowledge, a rapid, detailed field survey by Coral Cay Conservation Ltd (CCC) was proposed before the onset of the 2000 northeast monsoon (approximately November to March). The two key aims of the field team 1 were to document the project sites' biodiversity and to provide data on the health of the coral reefs. Surveys and data analysis were also intended to provide information to expand the initial threats analysis completed during the PDF-A phase. This report documents the results of the CCC field survey. 1 The CCC field team, assisted by DoFM staff, consisted of: Dr Douglas Fenner (DF, coral specialist), Maria Beger (MB, fish specialist), Dr Simon Harding and Toby Roxburgh (SH and TR, reef health and zonation surveys) and Amy Barnes (AB, logistics and training coordinator). DF and MB are affiliated to Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB No 3, TMC, Townsville, QLD, 4810, Australia. Alastair Harborne (AH) joined the team following the field survey to coordinate data analysis and report production.
Reef fish were counted and identified at selected sites in the Banggi Channel according to ReefCh... more Reef fish were counted and identified at selected sites in the Banggi Channel according to ReefCheck and GCRMN baseline survey techniques. Teams of Greenforce volunteers who were participating in an expedition in the Banggi Islands of Sabah, East Malaysia were used to carry out the surveys. Volunteers were trained in scuba diving, reef fish identification and surveying techniques. Reef fish were identified to family and also to species where possible. The list presented here is for six sites and two or three depths at each site. Fifteen fish families were targeted whilst other families were also recorded when seen. Diversity varied between sites and with depth. Two sites, Pinnacle 3 and Red Stick were the most diverse which was attributed to a combination of remaining intact physical complexity, site remoteness and habitat richness. Two fish families, which are generally not targets for fishermen, were the most diverse; damselfish (Pomacentrids) and wrasse (Labrids). The highest diversity of damselfish was recorded in the shallowest surveys above 5 metres. Few species of commercial food fish were recorded. In fact most families had fewer than five different species recorded at each site. All sites showed evidence of destructive fishing practises; broken corals, blasted patches, rubble areas and entangled fishing net fragments, but to varying degrees. It is suggested that the diversity recorded may be related to a combination of natural and anthropogenic factors. The amount of damage caused by destructive and non destructive fishing practises is a crucial factor in the resulting biodiversity of reef fish .
Coral Cay Conservation, a United Kingdom-based not-for-profit organization, operates using teams ... more Coral Cay Conservation, a United Kingdom-based not-for-profit organization, operates using teams of international volunteers to conduct coral reef and tropical marine resource assessments in order to provide a baseline of data to facilitate marine resource management. This modus operandi provides the resources necessary to conduct a detailed study at minimal cost to the host country partners. This paper introduces a technique of data analysis to define the conservation value of the shallow (o30 m) tropical coastal environment. All data initially undergoes multivariate analysis to define discrete benthic habitat classes using the methods described by Mumby and Harborne [Development of a systematic classification scheme of marine habitats to facilitate regional management and mapping of Caribbean coral reefs. Biological Conservation 1999;88:155-63]. Subsequent analysis of benthic and reef fish data in terms of biodiversity and reef health indices allows spatial comparison of sites of differing conservation value and the geographic delineation of areas suitable for Marine Protected Area status.
On 1st April 2010, the British Government announced designation of the British Indian Ocean Terri... more On 1st April 2010, the British Government announced designation of the British Indian Ocean Territoryor Chagos Archipelago-as the world's largest marine protected area (MPA). This near pristine ocean ecosystem now represents 16% of the worlds fully protected coral reef, 60% of the world's no-take protected areas and an uncontaminated reference site for ecological studies. In addition these gains for biodiversity conservation, the Chagos/BIOT MPA also offers subsidiary opportunities to act as a fisheries management tool for the western Indian Ocean, considering its size and location. While the benefits of MPAs for coralreef dwelling species are established, there is uncertainty about their effects on pelagic migratory species. This paper reviews the increasing body of evidence to demonstrate that positive, measurable reserve effects exist for pelagic populations and that migratory species can benefit from no-take marine reserves.
Whale sharks are known to occur in Malagasy waters although very little research has been complet... more Whale sharks are known to occur in Malagasy waters although very little research has been completed to further document the species. In order to increase the current national knowledge of the species, it is planned to conduct whale shark surveys in Madagascar. An initial investigation based on interviews of local fishers and dive operators was completed to establish the logistical baseline for such surveys. It was found that whale sharks are present around the majority of the Madagascar coastline but most known sightings have occurred along the northwestern coast. In Nosy Be, it appears whale sharks occur all year round, particularly during planktonic blooms. Plans for further assessment involving a combination of boat based observations, photo identification, and acoustic and satellite tagging are described.
Artificial discs were used to monitor the settlement and development of Fucus serratus propagules... more Artificial discs were used to monitor the settlement and development of Fucus serratus propagules in five areas cleared of an adult canopy, in order to test the assumptions that sizes of recently settled propagules are normally distributed but that over time plant sizes become more variable and hierarchical. Settlement was spatially (3-20 m) variable only at the beginning and end of the settlement period, and at the time when most settlement took place (88% in a fortnight) no differences between areas were found. Increases in the skewness coefficient, Gini coefficient and coefficient of variation confirmed that there was not a size hierarchy in the recently settled population, but 8 months later sizes of plants were variable and a positive skew in plant sizes (many small and few big) developed. Mortality was high at first (70% in 1 month) but fell considerably later. F. serratus behaves like most higher plants with respect to changing population structure. The observed change in population structure provided evidence of how a "seed bank" develops in an algal population, as I year after settlement an estimated 37 000 plants m 1 are still <I mm in length.
Reef Check and GCRMN survey techniques were compared between the same volunteer divers on the sam... more Reef Check and GCRMN survey techniques were compared between the same volunteer divers on the same reef after different periods of training. Greenforce volunteers with no prior reef surveying experience were firstly taught to dive and then trained in reef ...
The success of the establishment and development of the Southern Leyte Coral Reef Conservation Pr... more The success of the establishment and development of the Southern Leyte Coral Reef Conservation Project would not have been possible without the insight and support provided by the following: • The Provincial Government of Southern Leyte, particularly: Governor Rosette Y. Lerias for her vision and constant encouragement, Board Member Hon. Eva L. Tomol, for her generous help and inspiration and Provincial Administrator, Genis S. Murallos for his ongoing support. • Gerry L. Ledesma and all of the team at The Philippines Reef and Rainforest Conservation Foundation, Inc. (PRRCFI). • Neil Pretencio, for his boundless knowledge and guidance. • Nedgar V. Garves, Dag Hilmar Navarette and the rest of the hard working team at the Provincial Tourism Office of Southern Leyte. • Municipal Planning and Development Coordinators, Ranulfo Capilitan (Malitbog) and Engineer Emmanuel Gulay (Padre Burgos) for their problem solving abilities. • Board Member Hon. Jason C. Calva and Lloyd Abiera for being dependable friends to CCC, of which we are very appreciative. • The Mayors and Barangay Captains of the Municipalities of Sogod Bay.
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