Papers by carla caldarini
Chronique des activités archéologiques de l’École française de Rome, 2014
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Pathobiology, 2012
The increasing attention of archaeological and anthropological research towards palaeopathologica... more The increasing attention of archaeological and anthropological research towards palaeopathological studies has allowed to focus the examination of many skeletal samples on this aspect and to evaluate the presence of many diseases afflicting ancient populations. This paper describes the most interesting diseases observed in skeletal samples from five necropolises found in urban and suburban areas of Rome during archaeological excavations in the last decades, and dating back to the Imperial Age. The diseases observed were grouped into the following categories: articular diseases, traumas, infections, metabolic or nutritional diseases, congenital diseases and tumors, and some examples are reported for each group. Although extensive epidemiological investigation in ancient skeletal records is impossible, palaeopathology allowed highlighting the spread of numerous illnesses, many of which can be related to the life and health conditions of the Roman population.
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Chronique des activités archéologiques de l’École française de Rome, Feb 20, 2014
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Springer eBooks, 2015
Bio-archaeological studies and historical documents are a great tool to reconstruct the lifestyle... more Bio-archaeological studies and historical documents are a great tool to reconstruct the lifestyle and health conditions of the ancient populations, and to understand the correlation between man and the environment over the course of time. The Anthropological Service has taken part in the environmental protection activity of the Soprintendenza Speciale per il Colosseo, il Museo Nazionale Romano e l’Area Archeologica di Roma. This has contributed to outline the biological history of Roman society, in particular that of the Imperial age. In the last decades, new excavation methods applied to the human skeletal remains have helped to collect valuable information on Roman sepulchres, especially those found in the Suburb, because of the large number of civil buildings built after the urban development. These data, together with those deriving from in-depth laboratory investigation, are helping to understand the complex biological landscape of the ancient Roman population with its bio demographic and social processes.
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Presses universitaires du Septentrion eBooks, 2014
La fouille systématique des sépultures menée par la Soprintendenza Speciale per i Beni Archeologi... more La fouille systématique des sépultures menée par la Soprintendenza Speciale per i Beni Archeologici di Roma au cours des quinze dernières années a permis de rassembler un grand nombre de données bio-archéologiques. Ce travail a pour but de mettre en évidence le rôle de la population comme force de travail en prenant en compte différents marqueurs de stress biomécaniques visibles sur le squelette. L’échantillon consiste en 874 individus, provenant de nécropoles fouillées dans le Suburbium et datables dans la grande majorité des cas entre le ier et le iiier s. ap. J.-C. Afin de mettre en évidence les différences entre plusieurs nécropoles romaines, les données ont été traitées par analyses de correspondance, ce qui montre comment des nécropoles topographiquement distinctes peuvent être rattachées à des populations relatives à différents types de travail.The systematic excavation of funerary sites carried out by the Soprintendenza Speciale per i Beni Archeologici di Roma during the last years, has allowed the collection of a considerable amount of bio-archaeological data. This work aims to highlights the role of the population as work force, taking in accountseveral biomechanical stress markers from the skeleton. The sample consists of 874 skeletons dating between I-III century AD. In order to statistically highlight the differences among selected roman necropolis, the data were analyzed through the correspondence analysis, that shows as topographically distant necropolis might be accounted to different workload pertaining the population
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Mélanges de l'École française de Rome. Antiquité, Nov 5, 2018
EnglishA half millennium of Roman history in Casal Bernocchi. 2015 excavation’s results. The arti... more EnglishA half millennium of Roman history in Casal Bernocchi. 2015 excavation’s results. The article presents the results of the studies concerning the archaeological site located in Casal Bernocchi-Malafede, along the via Ostiense. The context can be divided in three main areas; a monumental thermal bath, a mausoleum, and a vast necropolis. The paper investigates the chronological development of the site, through the identification of four main phases: a) the first constructive interventions during the Republican Era; b) the monumental development of the site between the first and the second century A.D., through the building of the Roman thermae and the mausoleum; c) the expansion of a large necropolis in the Middle and Late-Imperial Era; d) the dismissal of the structures and the cessation of use of the necropolis between the fourth and the fifth century A.D. Finally, an interpretation of the context is proposed, according to which the archaeological context can be read as part of a rich suburban villa, located on the via Ostiense. italianoL’articolo ha lo scopo di presentare i risultati degli studi riguardanti il sito archeologico sito in localita Casal Bernocchi-Malafede, lungo la via Ostiense, articolato in tre nuclei principali, costituiti da un impianto termale, una struttura interpretata come un mausoleo, e una vasta necropoli. Viene conseguentemente presentato lo sviluppo cronologico del contesto, inquadrabile in quattro macro fasi: a) la realizzazione dei primi interventi costruttivi di incerta interpretazione in Eta Repubblicana; b) lo sviluppo monumentale dell’area fra I e II secolo d.C. attraverso la costruzione delle terme e del mausoleo; c) l’espansione di un’ampia area adibita ad uso sepolcrale in eta Medio e Tardo-Imperiale; d) l’abbandono delle strutture e la cessazione dell’utilizzo della necropoli fra IV e V secolo d.C. Infine, viene presentata una proposta interpretativa del contesto, secondo cui i rinvenimenti costituirebbero parte di una ricca villa suburbana localizzata sul tracciato della via Ostiense.
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The 82nd Annual Meeting of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists, Knoxville, Tennessee, 2013
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Medicina nei secoli, Feb 1, 2011
The systematic excavation of funerary sites carried out by the Soprintendenza Speciale per i Beni... more The systematic excavation of funerary sites carried out by the Soprintendenza Speciale per i Beni Archeologici di Roma during the last years, has allowed the collection of a considerable amount of bio-archaeological data. This work try to highlights the role of the woman in the roman society as work force, examining several biomechanical stress markers in the skeleton. The sample consist of 1041 individuals, coming from areas surrounding the urban centre and the rural environment nearby the City and chronologically framed in I-III century AD. Considering together the biological and the archaeological data, we tried to understand the occupational activities in which the women could be involved. Key words: W oman - Work forces - Roman Imperial Age
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PubMed, 2014
This paper describes some cases of individuals affected by skeletal deformities resulting in "fre... more This paper describes some cases of individuals affected by skeletal deformities resulting in "freak" appearance. The skeletal remains were found during large archaeological excavations in the Roman territory, carried out by the Special Superintendence to the Archeological Heritage of Rome in the last years, dated back to the Imperial Age. The first cases reported are referred to two growth disorders with opposite effects: a case of dwarfism and another of gigantism. The former concerns a young man from the Collatina necropolis with very short and malformed limbs, which allowed a diagnosis of acondroplasic dwarfism, a rare congenital disorder that limits height below 130 cm. The latter case comes from the necropolis of Torre Serpentana in Fidenae, and is instead referred to a young person of very high stature, about 204 cm, suffering from Gigantism, a rare condition which in this case seems to have been linked to a hormonal dysfunction due to a pituitary adenoma. A third case regards a joint disease affecting the vertebral column and causing severe deformities. The skeleton was found in the Collatina necropolis and belongs to an old woman, suffering from ankylosing spondylitis. Finally, the last and very peculiar case is related to an individual recovered in the necropolis of Castel Malnome. The skeletal remains belong to an adult man with a complete fusion of the temporo-mandibular joint, which compromised mastication and caused severe deformation of the maxillofacial complex. These cases are described in detail together with the possible implications that these deformities could have on in the social context.
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Pathobiology, 2018
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Environmental Archaeology, Oct 13, 2020
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Mélanges de l'École française de Rome. Antiquité, 2009
Bernard Jean-François, Dewailly Martine, Lovergne Edwige, Caldarini Carla, Méniel Patrice, Russo ... more Bernard Jean-François, Dewailly Martine, Lovergne Edwige, Caldarini Carla, Méniel Patrice, Russo Jacopo. Piazza Navone, 62. In: Mélanges de l'École française de Rome. Antiquité, tome 121, n°1. 2009. Antiquité. pp. 297-314
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The 86th Annual Meeting of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists, New Orleans, 2017
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Medicina nei secoli, Nov 1, 2006
One of the goals of the anthropological research of the Anthropological Service of the Archaeolog... more One of the goals of the anthropological research of the Anthropological Service of the Archaeological Superintendence of Rome is to reconstruct the hygienic-environmental living conditions of the ancient populations in Imperial Age. We considered some not specific pointers of stress in four necropolis, that are excavated in the last years in the Suburbium. In particular Harris's lines, porotic hyperostosis and enamel hypoplasia are been considered. Two shape of research have been lead: (a) an analysis of the frequencies of the three factors on the data from a single necropolis and (b) a comparison between enamel hypoplasia and porotic hyperostosis. The distributions of such alterations indicates the presence of light stresses.
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International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, Jul 23, 2019
This study is the result of a multidisciplinary approach and focuses on a case of considerable hi... more This study is the result of a multidisciplinary approach and focuses on a case of considerable historical and medical interest. The work originally stemmed from findings at a funerary site in the area of Casal Bertone in Rome (Italy), regards an individual in a tomb identified simply by the number “75.” The skeletal alterations that were later discovered gave rise a debate among the members of the team. Challenges in identifying the pathology have brought historians, anthropologists, and radiologists into the field with the use of sophisticated equipment, including CT scans and X‐ray equipment, as well as some analyses carried out with the latest spectrometers. Consequently, the most likely diagnostic hypothesis resulted in gout. During this work, each area of study dealt with the problem in a different manner, allowing for a greater understanding of gout at this point in history, how this pathology might have influenced a person's life, as well as the medical approaches and techniques used to treat it in the imperial age of the second century BCE.
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International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, 2020
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Chronique des activités archéologiques de l’École française de Rome, Jun 6, 2013
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Papers by carla caldarini