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eric hiariej

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University of Delaware

Harvard University

Julian Kiverstein

Academic Medical Centre/ Universiteit van Amsterdam

Benjamin Isakhan

Deakin University

Pennsylvania State University

Armando Marques-Guedes

UNL - New University of Lisbon

The University of Manchester

The University of Sheffield

Thomas Hylland Eriksen

University of Oslo

Christine Sleeter

California State University, Monterey Bay

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Papers by eric hiariej

The politics of becoming fundamentalist in the age of consumer culture

In the writing of this thesis I was greatly assisted by a number of people. I would like to expre... more In the writing of this thesis I was greatly assisted by a number of people. I would like to express my thanks to those who have generously offered their support and advice. In particular, my deep thanks go to my supervisor, Michael McKinley, who has supported and assisted me during my studies at ANU, especially throughout the writing process. I would like to thank Jim George who is a member of my advisory panel. I am grateful to Amrih Widodo and Gerry von Klinken for discussions and comments on my argument; and to

Post-fundamentalist Islamism and the Politics of Citizenship in Indonesia

Springer eBooks, 2022

Since the beginning of 2000s Indonesia has witnessed the rise of Islamic fundamentalism. Its rise... more Since the beginning of 2000s Indonesia has witnessed the rise of Islamic fundamentalism. Its rise has been largely—though not necessarily—associated with brutal terrorist attacks in a number of places in Java and Bali; deadly religious conflicts in Ambon and Poso; and battering downs of the so called “places of vice” such as discotheque, karaoke bar and massage parlor across the country. At the heart of these movements is a demand to establish an Islamic state and implement shari’a—a sort of Islamic way of life. The movements want to do it by returning to the pristine Islam as practiced by the Prophet Muhammad and rely on method called jihad—largely understood as fighting against “enemies of Islam” in the name of Allah. Referring to Hiariej (2009) this study argues that the rise of Islamic fundamentalism should be seen as a part of a larger resistance against a particular structure of oppression. Taking the form of struggle for specific Islamic identity the resistance should be further understood in terms of the politics of representation, in which Islamic identity is produced and adopted through a number of discursive practices. This identity is hardly given, static and fixed; and constantly modified and reproduced within political frontiers of oppression and resistance found in the activists’ everyday life.

Perkembangan Kapitalisme Negara di Indonesia

DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), Jul 1, 2006

State capitalism in Indonesia hns been experiencing significant transformation as control over fi... more State capitalism in Indonesia hns been experiencing significant transformation as control over financial resources no longer attainable. The decreasing role of the state as investor none the less, does not necessarily means the loosing commitment to perform as regulator Kata-kata kunci: kapitalisme negara; peran negara; reformasi ekonomi; globalisasi financial; krisis kapitalisme Pengantar Pembangunan ekonomi yang kapitalistik, menurut cara pandang Marxis konvensional, bisa melalui dua jalan. Jalan pertama, yang dianggap ideal adalah jalan dari bawah ditempuh melalui proses pembebasan para bo rjuasi dari kungkungan kelas-kelas sosial dominan di pedesaan maupun di perkotan. Sedangkan jalan kedua, adalah model Prussia yang bersifat top down. Jalan ini ditempuh ketika tidak terdapat kelas pemilik modal yang cukup kuat yang memaksa negara mengambil alih peran utama dalam pembangunan dart industrialisasi. Perkembangan kapitalisme Indonesia pasca dekolonisasi lebih menyerupai model dirigiste negara ala Prussia. Sejak dekade 1950an,

Deradicalization program in Indonesia radicalizing the radicals

Cogent Social Sciences, 2021

Abstract “Deradicalisation” refers to the process through which members of radical Islamic groups... more Abstract “Deradicalisation” refers to the process through which members of radical Islamic groups abandon their commitment to extreme ideologies and beliefs that could potentially bring them to organised violence. Since the mid-2000s, Indonesia has witnessed an increasing numbers of deradicalization programmes and activities. This article focuses on how so-called deradicalisation interventions intended to normalise Islamic radicals in Indonesia has instead turned them towards a different kind of radicalism. Deradicalisation should be better understood as a hegemonic project trying to shape and control the meaning of good (and normal) Indonesian citizenship. The process has paved the way for radicals to attribute different meanings to “good Indonesian citizenship”. Theirs are also hegemonic projects centred around the fight against injustice and exclusion. This article is based on interviews with Islamic radical figures and activists, as well as fieldwork in Jakarta, Semarang, Yogyakarta, Solo and Poso.

Aksi dan Identitas Kolektif Gerakan Islam Radikal di Indonesia

DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), Nov 1, 2010

Since 2000 the world has witnessed the rise of Islamic radicalism in Southeast Asia. This paper w... more Since 2000 the world has witnessed the rise of Islamic radicalism in Southeast Asia. This paper would like to see Islamic radicalism as a social movement by focusing on the process of collective identity formation. The author argues that collective action is not a given reality but is the outcome of the construction and consolidation of internal identity. That is why without understanding the

Kemunculan Isu RMS dan Pengaruhnya Dalam Konflik Ambon 1999

The thesis entitled Emerging of The Issues RMS and Its Influence in Ambon Conflicts 1999. Aims to... more The thesis entitled Emerging of The Issues RMS and Its Influence in Ambon Conflicts 1999. Aims to explain how the RMS issue emerged and its influence on the conflict in Ambon. RMS issue was never discussed and never become a dominant topic in the social and political life of the community in Ambon since this movement annihilated out by TNI troops in 1962. RMS issues began bustling as a major issue after the 1999 conflict occurred. The conflict that started by two young men who come from different ethnic conflict and develop into conflicts between religions. In the process of this conflict arise statements came from several parties claimed that RMS was the responsible party for the killing of Muslims and want to establish a state-based sectarian Christian in the South Moluccas. As a result of this framing, mobilization appear in large numbers by one religious organization to Ambon. One factor could be the process of framing and mobilization is due to a Political Opportunity after the...

Introduction: Politics of Citizenship in Indonesia

Springer eBooks, 2022

Beyond the ‘Bandung divide’? Assessing the scope and limits of Australia–Indonesia security cooperation

Australian Journal of International Affairs, May 15, 2016

ABSTRACT Despite sharing many strategic interests, Indonesia and Australia have often struggled t... more ABSTRACT Despite sharing many strategic interests, Indonesia and Australia have often struggled to forge effective security cooperation. In this article, the authors evaluate the ‘Bandung divide’ as a potential explanation for this difficulty. The ‘Bandung divide’ refers to the legacies of the 1955 Asian-African Conference, which saw Indonesia and Australia adopt different normative orientations towards the liberal international order, and divergent security strategies for South-East Asia. Having sketched the contours of the ‘Bandung divide’ and established its heuristic utility as a shorthand for the two countries’ divergent approaches to international order and regional security, the authors then evaluate its contemporary significance as a barrier to bilateral security cooperation in relation to two key challenges: Chinese revisionism in the South China Sea and transnational jihadist terrorism. Indonesia and Australia’s divergent approaches to regional security—themselves partially legacies of the ‘Bandung divide’—have prevented meaningful bilateral collaboration in engaging the South China Sea dispute. By contrast, the two countries have built an effective and heavily institutionalised counterterrorism partnership, proving that the ‘Bandung divide’ is not an insuperable barrier to cooperation. The highly restrictive circumstances that made this success possible nevertheless caution against unduly optimistic assumptions that the two countries will be able to forge a more comprehensive security partnership in the foreseeable future.

Politics of citizenship in Indonesia

This edited volume is a collection of studies on contemporary citizenship politics in Indonesia. ... more This edited volume is a collection of studies on contemporary citizenship politics in Indonesia. The goal is to examine the struggles for citizenship claims and rights in selected sectors, and how it is placed within the larger structural context, particularly the historical development of democracy in the country. The core argument of the book is that citizenship is produced and practiced through movements against injustice. These take the shape of struggles for cultural recognition, social and economic justice, and popular representation, by people at the grass root level and middle classes and their representing organisations and activists. Such popular struggles in Indonesia have largely ended up engaging with the state, through both discursive and non-discursive processes. While the state is a common focal point, the struggles are fragmented across different sectors and subject positions. Developing chains of solidarity among fragments of struggles is highly important, yet attempts at bridging fragmentation leaves much to be desired. The character and fragmentation of popular struggles reflect the diversity of injustices and subject positions in society, but is also shaped by political dynamics. The struggle for citizenship and the historical development of democracy in Indonesia are closely interwoven. Inability to bridge fragmentation among citizenship struggles mimic the pro-democracy movements’ lack of capacity in building broader alliances. Likewise, these movements’ tendency toward elitism and the habit of penetrating the state also characterize current struggles for citizenship.

(Tidak) Demokrasi ala Asia

DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), 2002

The discussion about democracy generally comes to the perspective differences at the philoshopica... more The discussion about democracy generally comes to the perspective differences at the philoshopical level. Despite these differences, some political experts are quite optimistic on the future of democracy in many countries. This optimism lies on the fact that there has been a consensus to measure democracy at the practical level. Based on this background, Neher and Marlay use Procedural democratic criterias to hightight the mozaic of democracy in Asian countries. Both fall to the conclusion that Asian democracy posseses a unique characteristic, which is called "asian-style democracy"

Conclusion: The Continued Need for Transformative Politics of Citizenship

Springer eBooks, 2022

Membicarakan Multikulturalisme (Lagi)

Seminar UKSW, 2018

Kekuatan Modal Dan Perilaku Kekerasan Negara Pada Masa Orde Baru Dan Pasca Orde Baru: Studi Kasus Freeport

The purpose of this research entitled â��Capital Power and State Violence Behavior in The New Ord... more The purpose of this research entitled â��Capital Power and State Violence Behavior in The New Order and Post New Order Eras : Freeport Case Studyâ�� is to explain how Freeport as a capital power may possibly affects various acts of violence perpetrated by the State. During the New Order era, state provided physical protection against Freeport by taking the Amungme communal land, in favor of mining interests. Various acts of objection have been made by the Amungme people concerning Freeport's presence in their communal land, but then countered with violence by the state. State violence behaviors persist as yet, even after the fall of the New Order. However, targets of violence are no longer people of Amungme but shifted to the traditional gold miners and Freeportâ��s laborers. The author uses the state theory by Ralph Miliband to explain how the power of capital of Freeport could affect stateâ��s violence behavior. According to the Miliband, capitalist class (capital power or cor...

Politics of Citizenship in Indonesia - Editor: Eric Hiariej and Kristian Stokke. Jakarta: Yayasan Pustaka OBOR Indonesia, Cet.1. 2017

Penerbit Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia, 2017

Sejarah politik kewarganegaraan di Indonesia: politik pengakuan, politik redistribusi kesejahteraan dan politik representasi

Penelitian ini berisi tentang perjalanan politik kewargaan di Indonesia sejak awal abad ke-20. Ba... more Penelitian ini berisi tentang perjalanan politik kewargaan di Indonesia sejak awal abad ke-20. Bahasan tersebut sesuai dengan tujuan kajian citizenship yakni mengungkapkan bagaimana konsepsi kewargaan diproduksi dan dipraktekkan dari waktu ke waktu. Tulisan ini memaparkan perkembangan konsep kewargaan, perspektif-perspektif dominan tentang kewargaan, serta politik kewargaan. Tarik ulur konsep kewargaan di Indonesia tidak lepas dari proses institusionalisasi dan regulasi versus perlawanan dan tuntutan dari bawah, konsep kewargaan juga merupakan representasi kepentingan bersama tanpa mengesampingkan perbedaan golongan

Gerakan Anti Kapitalisme Global

Capitalism is contradiction. The flourish of liberal capitalism is met with a global scale of ant... more Capitalism is contradiction. The flourish of liberal capitalism is met with a global scale of anti-capitalism, which ironically makes capitalism even stronger. Given the diversity of the the way in responding to capitalism embedded within globalization, this article reviews various ways of mapping anti capitalism movements, and assessing the implications of such diversity.

Tidak) Demokrasi ala Asia

The discussion about democracy generally comes to the perspective differences at the philoshopica... more The discussion about democracy generally comes to the perspective differences at the philoshopical level. Despite these differences, some political experts are quite optimistic on the future of democracy in many countries. This optimism lies on the fact that there has been a consensus to measure democracy at the practical level. Based on this background, Neher and Marlay use Procedural democratic criterias to hightight the mozaic of democracy in Asian countries. Both fall to the conclusion that Asian democracy posseses a unique characteristic, which is called "asian-style democracy"

Perkembangan Kapitalisme Negara di Indonesia

State capitalism in Indonesia has been experiencing significant transformation as control over fi... more

Aksi dan Identitas Kolektif Gerakan Islam Radikal di Indonesia

Since 2000 the world has witnessed the rise of Islamic radicalism in Southeast Asia. This paper w... more Since 2000 the world has witnessed the rise of Islamic radicalism in Southeast Asia. This paper would like to see Islamic radicalism as a social movement by focusing on the process of collective identity formation. The author argues that collective action is not a given reality but is the outcome of the construction and consolidation of internal identity. That is why without understanding the construction of internal coherence; it is difficult to understand the logic of actions undertaken by the activists. This paper draws analysis from five radical islam organizations: Forum Komunikasi Ahlus Sunnah wal Jamaah (FKASWJ) and its military wing Laskar Jihad (LJ), Front Pembela Islam (FPI), Majelis Mujahidin Indonesia (MMI), Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia (HTI) and Jamaah Islamiyah (JI).

Conclusion: The Continued Need for Transformative Politics of Citizenship

The Politics of Citizenship in Indonesia, 2022

The politics of becoming fundamentalist in the age of consumer culture

In the writing of this thesis I was greatly assisted by a number of people. I would like to expre... more In the writing of this thesis I was greatly assisted by a number of people. I would like to express my thanks to those who have generously offered their support and advice. In particular, my deep thanks go to my supervisor, Michael McKinley, who has supported and assisted me during my studies at ANU, especially throughout the writing process. I would like to thank Jim George who is a member of my advisory panel. I am grateful to Amrih Widodo and Gerry von Klinken for discussions and comments on my argument; and to

Post-fundamentalist Islamism and the Politics of Citizenship in Indonesia

Springer eBooks, 2022

Since the beginning of 2000s Indonesia has witnessed the rise of Islamic fundamentalism. Its rise... more Since the beginning of 2000s Indonesia has witnessed the rise of Islamic fundamentalism. Its rise has been largely—though not necessarily—associated with brutal terrorist attacks in a number of places in Java and Bali; deadly religious conflicts in Ambon and Poso; and battering downs of the so called “places of vice” such as discotheque, karaoke bar and massage parlor across the country. At the heart of these movements is a demand to establish an Islamic state and implement shari’a—a sort of Islamic way of life. The movements want to do it by returning to the pristine Islam as practiced by the Prophet Muhammad and rely on method called jihad—largely understood as fighting against “enemies of Islam” in the name of Allah. Referring to Hiariej (2009) this study argues that the rise of Islamic fundamentalism should be seen as a part of a larger resistance against a particular structure of oppression. Taking the form of struggle for specific Islamic identity the resistance should be further understood in terms of the politics of representation, in which Islamic identity is produced and adopted through a number of discursive practices. This identity is hardly given, static and fixed; and constantly modified and reproduced within political frontiers of oppression and resistance found in the activists’ everyday life.

Perkembangan Kapitalisme Negara di Indonesia

DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), Jul 1, 2006

State capitalism in Indonesia hns been experiencing significant transformation as control over fi... more State capitalism in Indonesia hns been experiencing significant transformation as control over financial resources no longer attainable. The decreasing role of the state as investor none the less, does not necessarily means the loosing commitment to perform as regulator Kata-kata kunci: kapitalisme negara; peran negara; reformasi ekonomi; globalisasi financial; krisis kapitalisme Pengantar Pembangunan ekonomi yang kapitalistik, menurut cara pandang Marxis konvensional, bisa melalui dua jalan. Jalan pertama, yang dianggap ideal adalah jalan dari bawah ditempuh melalui proses pembebasan para bo rjuasi dari kungkungan kelas-kelas sosial dominan di pedesaan maupun di perkotan. Sedangkan jalan kedua, adalah model Prussia yang bersifat top down. Jalan ini ditempuh ketika tidak terdapat kelas pemilik modal yang cukup kuat yang memaksa negara mengambil alih peran utama dalam pembangunan dart industrialisasi. Perkembangan kapitalisme Indonesia pasca dekolonisasi lebih menyerupai model dirigiste negara ala Prussia. Sejak dekade 1950an,

Deradicalization program in Indonesia radicalizing the radicals

Cogent Social Sciences, 2021

Abstract “Deradicalisation” refers to the process through which members of radical Islamic groups... more Abstract “Deradicalisation” refers to the process through which members of radical Islamic groups abandon their commitment to extreme ideologies and beliefs that could potentially bring them to organised violence. Since the mid-2000s, Indonesia has witnessed an increasing numbers of deradicalization programmes and activities. This article focuses on how so-called deradicalisation interventions intended to normalise Islamic radicals in Indonesia has instead turned them towards a different kind of radicalism. Deradicalisation should be better understood as a hegemonic project trying to shape and control the meaning of good (and normal) Indonesian citizenship. The process has paved the way for radicals to attribute different meanings to “good Indonesian citizenship”. Theirs are also hegemonic projects centred around the fight against injustice and exclusion. This article is based on interviews with Islamic radical figures and activists, as well as fieldwork in Jakarta, Semarang, Yogyakarta, Solo and Poso.

Aksi dan Identitas Kolektif Gerakan Islam Radikal di Indonesia

DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), Nov 1, 2010

Since 2000 the world has witnessed the rise of Islamic radicalism in Southeast Asia. This paper w... more Since 2000 the world has witnessed the rise of Islamic radicalism in Southeast Asia. This paper would like to see Islamic radicalism as a social movement by focusing on the process of collective identity formation. The author argues that collective action is not a given reality but is the outcome of the construction and consolidation of internal identity. That is why without understanding the

Kemunculan Isu RMS dan Pengaruhnya Dalam Konflik Ambon 1999

The thesis entitled Emerging of The Issues RMS and Its Influence in Ambon Conflicts 1999. Aims to... more The thesis entitled Emerging of The Issues RMS and Its Influence in Ambon Conflicts 1999. Aims to explain how the RMS issue emerged and its influence on the conflict in Ambon. RMS issue was never discussed and never become a dominant topic in the social and political life of the community in Ambon since this movement annihilated out by TNI troops in 1962. RMS issues began bustling as a major issue after the 1999 conflict occurred. The conflict that started by two young men who come from different ethnic conflict and develop into conflicts between religions. In the process of this conflict arise statements came from several parties claimed that RMS was the responsible party for the killing of Muslims and want to establish a state-based sectarian Christian in the South Moluccas. As a result of this framing, mobilization appear in large numbers by one religious organization to Ambon. One factor could be the process of framing and mobilization is due to a Political Opportunity after the...

Introduction: Politics of Citizenship in Indonesia

Springer eBooks, 2022

Beyond the ‘Bandung divide’? Assessing the scope and limits of Australia–Indonesia security cooperation

Australian Journal of International Affairs, May 15, 2016

ABSTRACT Despite sharing many strategic interests, Indonesia and Australia have often struggled t... more ABSTRACT Despite sharing many strategic interests, Indonesia and Australia have often struggled to forge effective security cooperation. In this article, the authors evaluate the ‘Bandung divide’ as a potential explanation for this difficulty. The ‘Bandung divide’ refers to the legacies of the 1955 Asian-African Conference, which saw Indonesia and Australia adopt different normative orientations towards the liberal international order, and divergent security strategies for South-East Asia. Having sketched the contours of the ‘Bandung divide’ and established its heuristic utility as a shorthand for the two countries’ divergent approaches to international order and regional security, the authors then evaluate its contemporary significance as a barrier to bilateral security cooperation in relation to two key challenges: Chinese revisionism in the South China Sea and transnational jihadist terrorism. Indonesia and Australia’s divergent approaches to regional security—themselves partially legacies of the ‘Bandung divide’—have prevented meaningful bilateral collaboration in engaging the South China Sea dispute. By contrast, the two countries have built an effective and heavily institutionalised counterterrorism partnership, proving that the ‘Bandung divide’ is not an insuperable barrier to cooperation. The highly restrictive circumstances that made this success possible nevertheless caution against unduly optimistic assumptions that the two countries will be able to forge a more comprehensive security partnership in the foreseeable future.

Politics of citizenship in Indonesia

This edited volume is a collection of studies on contemporary citizenship politics in Indonesia. ... more This edited volume is a collection of studies on contemporary citizenship politics in Indonesia. The goal is to examine the struggles for citizenship claims and rights in selected sectors, and how it is placed within the larger structural context, particularly the historical development of democracy in the country. The core argument of the book is that citizenship is produced and practiced through movements against injustice. These take the shape of struggles for cultural recognition, social and economic justice, and popular representation, by people at the grass root level and middle classes and their representing organisations and activists. Such popular struggles in Indonesia have largely ended up engaging with the state, through both discursive and non-discursive processes. While the state is a common focal point, the struggles are fragmented across different sectors and subject positions. Developing chains of solidarity among fragments of struggles is highly important, yet attempts at bridging fragmentation leaves much to be desired. The character and fragmentation of popular struggles reflect the diversity of injustices and subject positions in society, but is also shaped by political dynamics. The struggle for citizenship and the historical development of democracy in Indonesia are closely interwoven. Inability to bridge fragmentation among citizenship struggles mimic the pro-democracy movements’ lack of capacity in building broader alliances. Likewise, these movements’ tendency toward elitism and the habit of penetrating the state also characterize current struggles for citizenship.

(Tidak) Demokrasi ala Asia

DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), 2002

The discussion about democracy generally comes to the perspective differences at the philoshopica... more The discussion about democracy generally comes to the perspective differences at the philoshopical level. Despite these differences, some political experts are quite optimistic on the future of democracy in many countries. This optimism lies on the fact that there has been a consensus to measure democracy at the practical level. Based on this background, Neher and Marlay use Procedural democratic criterias to hightight the mozaic of democracy in Asian countries. Both fall to the conclusion that Asian democracy posseses a unique characteristic, which is called "asian-style democracy"

Conclusion: The Continued Need for Transformative Politics of Citizenship

Springer eBooks, 2022

Membicarakan Multikulturalisme (Lagi)

Seminar UKSW, 2018

Kekuatan Modal Dan Perilaku Kekerasan Negara Pada Masa Orde Baru Dan Pasca Orde Baru: Studi Kasus Freeport

The purpose of this research entitled â��Capital Power and State Violence Behavior in The New Ord... more The purpose of this research entitled â��Capital Power and State Violence Behavior in The New Order and Post New Order Eras : Freeport Case Studyâ�� is to explain how Freeport as a capital power may possibly affects various acts of violence perpetrated by the State. During the New Order era, state provided physical protection against Freeport by taking the Amungme communal land, in favor of mining interests. Various acts of objection have been made by the Amungme people concerning Freeport's presence in their communal land, but then countered with violence by the state. State violence behaviors persist as yet, even after the fall of the New Order. However, targets of violence are no longer people of Amungme but shifted to the traditional gold miners and Freeportâ��s laborers. The author uses the state theory by Ralph Miliband to explain how the power of capital of Freeport could affect stateâ��s violence behavior. According to the Miliband, capitalist class (capital power or cor...

Politics of Citizenship in Indonesia - Editor: Eric Hiariej and Kristian Stokke. Jakarta: Yayasan Pustaka OBOR Indonesia, Cet.1. 2017

Penerbit Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia, 2017

Sejarah politik kewarganegaraan di Indonesia: politik pengakuan, politik redistribusi kesejahteraan dan politik representasi

Penelitian ini berisi tentang perjalanan politik kewargaan di Indonesia sejak awal abad ke-20. Ba... more Penelitian ini berisi tentang perjalanan politik kewargaan di Indonesia sejak awal abad ke-20. Bahasan tersebut sesuai dengan tujuan kajian citizenship yakni mengungkapkan bagaimana konsepsi kewargaan diproduksi dan dipraktekkan dari waktu ke waktu. Tulisan ini memaparkan perkembangan konsep kewargaan, perspektif-perspektif dominan tentang kewargaan, serta politik kewargaan. Tarik ulur konsep kewargaan di Indonesia tidak lepas dari proses institusionalisasi dan regulasi versus perlawanan dan tuntutan dari bawah, konsep kewargaan juga merupakan representasi kepentingan bersama tanpa mengesampingkan perbedaan golongan

Gerakan Anti Kapitalisme Global

Capitalism is contradiction. The flourish of liberal capitalism is met with a global scale of ant... more Capitalism is contradiction. The flourish of liberal capitalism is met with a global scale of anti-capitalism, which ironically makes capitalism even stronger. Given the diversity of the the way in responding to capitalism embedded within globalization, this article reviews various ways of mapping anti capitalism movements, and assessing the implications of such diversity.

Tidak) Demokrasi ala Asia

The discussion about democracy generally comes to the perspective differences at the philoshopica... more The discussion about democracy generally comes to the perspective differences at the philoshopical level. Despite these differences, some political experts are quite optimistic on the future of democracy in many countries. This optimism lies on the fact that there has been a consensus to measure democracy at the practical level. Based on this background, Neher and Marlay use Procedural democratic criterias to hightight the mozaic of democracy in Asian countries. Both fall to the conclusion that Asian democracy posseses a unique characteristic, which is called "asian-style democracy"

Perkembangan Kapitalisme Negara di Indonesia

State capitalism in Indonesia has been experiencing significant transformation as control over fi... more

Aksi dan Identitas Kolektif Gerakan Islam Radikal di Indonesia

Since 2000 the world has witnessed the rise of Islamic radicalism in Southeast Asia. This paper w... more Since 2000 the world has witnessed the rise of Islamic radicalism in Southeast Asia. This paper would like to see Islamic radicalism as a social movement by focusing on the process of collective identity formation. The author argues that collective action is not a given reality but is the outcome of the construction and consolidation of internal identity. That is why without understanding the construction of internal coherence; it is difficult to understand the logic of actions undertaken by the activists. This paper draws analysis from five radical islam organizations: Forum Komunikasi Ahlus Sunnah wal Jamaah (FKASWJ) and its military wing Laskar Jihad (LJ), Front Pembela Islam (FPI), Majelis Mujahidin Indonesia (MMI), Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia (HTI) and Jamaah Islamiyah (JI).

Conclusion: The Continued Need for Transformative Politics of Citizenship

The Politics of Citizenship in Indonesia, 2022

Politics of Citizenship in Indonesia

by Luky Djani and eric hiariej

STAGNATED DEMOCRACY: THE RISE OF FORMAL DEMOCRACY IN THE WAKE OF OLIGARCHY RULES AND WEAK PRO-DEMOCRACY MOVEMENTS (Eric Hiariej

Politics of Citizenship in Indonesia, 2017

Politics of Citizenship in Indonesia

by Kristian Stokke and eric hiariej

Hiariej, E. and Stokke, K. (Eds.). Politics of Citizenship in Indonesia. Jakarta: Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia., 2017

This edited volume is a collection of studies on contemporary citizenship politics in Indonesia. ... more This edited volume is a collection of studies on contemporary citizenship politics in Indonesia. The goal is to examine the struggles for citizenship claims and rights in selected sectors, and how it is placed within the larger structural context, particularly the historical development of democracy in the country.

The core argument of the book is that citizenship is produced and practiced through movements against injustice. These take the shape of struggles for cultural recognition, social and economic justice, and popular representation, by people at the grass root level and middle classes and their representing organisations and activists. Such popular struggles in Indonesia have largely ended up engaging with the state, through both discursive and non-discursive processes. While the state is a common focal point, the struggles are fragmented across different sectors and subject positions. Developing chains of solidarity among fragments of struggles is highly important, yet attempts at bridging fragmentation leaves much to be desired.

The character and fragmentation of popular struggles reflect the diversity of injustices and subject positions in society, but is also shaped by political dynamics. The struggle for citizenship and the historical development of democracy in Indonesia are closely interwoven. Inability to bridge fragmentation among citizenship struggles mimic the pro-democracy movements’ lack of capacity in building broader alliances. Likewise, these movements’ tendency toward elitism and the habit of penetrating the state also characterize current struggles for citizenship.

THE MYTH OF MARKET (Oleh: Eric Hiariej

Economists always talk about market as if it is a natural system to be predicted and understood i... more Economists always talk about market as if it is a natural system to be predicted and understood in the similar way as the weather. Market appears to most citizens as alien forces. It is fully reified, inescapable and unavoidable condition which confronts and shapes our life world. Market operation can be grasped only through theories, statistics and other intellectual tools. These tools are distributed unevenly among population and at odds with the direct understanding and every day knowledge which people gets from their immediate surroundings. It leaves only economist who can explain and forecast the changing nature of market-indeed economists, some observers jokingly say, increasingly play a role similar to weather forecaster. The notion of natural system makes it almost impossible to see market as human creation. It is also difficult to understand economic process based on simple upward aggregation of specific relationship of buying, selling, using, etc. More importantly, however, it takes away our focus on the complexity of interrelations, habits, political practices and cultural forms that allow highly dynamic, and hence unstable, market system to operate coherently at least for certain period of time. Specifically, it has been widely believed that market can only function properly when government stops to intervene. Its magical power of supply and demand will allocate resources justly

MENGINTEROGASI GAGASAN DEMOKRASI DELIBERATIF

Tulisan ini bertujuan menginterogasi gagasan demokrasi deliberatif, yang konon kabarnya bisa menj... more Tulisan ini bertujuan menginterogasi gagasan demokrasi deliberatif, yang konon kabarnya bisa menjadi alternatif terhadap demokrasi liberal yang kian terperangkap elektoralisme. Istilah demokrasi deliberatif itu mulai populer di awal era 1980an (Bessette 1980). Para pendukung model ini dengan sengaja menggunakan terminologi deliberative untuk menegaskan sebuah pendekatan politik yang berbeda dalam memahami demokrasi. Perbedaan tersebut berkaitan erat dengan upaya meningkatkan kwalitas praktik demokrasi yang ada selama ini dengan memperbaiki karakter dan bentuk partisipasi. Bagi para deliberative democrats demokrasi kontemporer sedang mengalami degradasi serius; kian terperangkap dalam konflik kepentingan yang bersifat pribadi, perilaku politik yang lebih mengutamakan penampilan ketimbang substansi, "debat kusir" yang dilakukan secara publik dan pertarungan kekuasaan demi ambisi dan keuntungan pribadi. Sebagai gantinya kelompok pendukung ini menghendaki pratisipasi politik yang lebih substantif yang berdasarkan pada debat publik yang argumentatif, penggunaan reason dan pencarian "kebenaran" yang obyektif. Pertanyaan penting bagi para deliberative democrats adalah apakah proses-proses dan lembaga-lembaga demokrasi sebaiknya dibangun di atas fondasi kehendak empirik masyarakat yang terlibat dalam politik, ataukah sebaiknya didirikan berdasarkan apa yang mereka sebut dengan reasonable political judgement (Offe dan Preuss 1991). Jawabannya menurut Bernard Manin (1987: 351ff) adalah "…the source of legitimacy is not the predetermined will of individuals, but rather the process of its formation, that is, deliberation itself." Dengan lain perkataan model demokrasi ini menganggap tidak ada satu pun nilai dan perspektif individual yang benar dengan sendirinya tanpa lebih dulu melalui proses dialog dan persetujuan dengan individu lainnya. Selain itu dialog memungkinkan semua sudut pandang yang bersifat pribadi mendapatkan kesempatan untuk "diuji" kebenarannya setelah dipertemukan dengan sudut pandang pribadi lainnya. Disini resiprositas menjadi prinsip utama yang harus ada bagi sebuah rancangan institusional demokrasi deliberatif (Offe dan Preuss 1991). Keterbukaan, toleransi dan penghargaan terhadap pluralisme merupakan nilai-nilai mendasar lainnya yang memungkinkan berlangsungnya dialog publik. Bila disederhanakan, demokrasi deliberatif adalah model demokrasi yang menganggap legitimasi politik setiap proses pembuatan kebijakan dan pelaksanaan ke-pemerintah-an bersumber dari deliberasi publik antar warganegara yang bebas dan sederajat (Elster 1989; Bohman 1998; Saward 2003). Kedaulatan rakyat karenanya tidak lagi direpresentasikan oleh kotak suara atau suara mayoritas semata, tapi juga yang lebih penting berdasarkan pada keputusan-keputusan bersama yang dibuat dengan menggunakan reason yang bisa dipertangungjawabkan dan penjelasan yang bisa diperdebatkan.

Transisi Menuju Demokrasi Di Afrika Selatan

UGM, 1995

The Historical Materialism and the Politics of the Fall of Soeharto

ANU, 2003

This study investigates the fall of Soeharto. Various existing works on this topic have revealed ... more This study investigates the fall of Soeharto. Various existing works on this topic have revealed that his fall was a consequence of the growing elite friction, middle-class opposition and lower-class unrest aggravated by the financial turmoil in 1997 and 1998. My study starts with the question of what were the historical and material bases of this political crisis.