Alan Gardner, 1st Baron Gardner

The Lord Gardner
File:Vice-Admiral Lord Alan Gardner (1742-1809), by William Beechey.jpg Alan Gardner by William Beechey
Born	12 February 1742 Uttoxeter, England
Died	1 January 1809
Allegiance	Kingdom of Great Britain Great Britain and Ireland
Service/branch	Royal Navy
Years of service	1755-1800
Rank	Admiral
Commands held	Jamaica Station Cork Station Portsmouth Command
Relations	Alan Hyde Gardner (eldest son), Robert Barrie (nephew)
Other work	MP for Plymouth and, later, Westminster.

Admiral Alan Gardner, 1st Baron Gardner (12 February 1742 – 1 January 1809) was a British Royal Navy officer and peer of the realm. He was regarded by some as one of the Georgian era's most dashing frigate captains and, ultimately, a respected senior admiral.

Naval career

Gardner joined the Royal Navy in 1755. Promoted to Captain in 1766, his first command was the fireship HMS Raven. He commanded a number of frigates before being promoted to a ship of the line. In 1782 he commanded a ship at the Battle of the Saintes and in 1786, as Commodore of the Jamaica Station (consisting of HMS Europa and HMS Experiment), he suppressed smuggling in the Gulf of Mexico and ordered detailed hydrographic surveys of Caribbean locations of interest to the Navy. During this time, he commanded and probably mentored future famous officers such as George Vancouver, Peter Puget and Joseph Whidbey.

He was a Member of the Board of Admiralty from 1790 to 1795 and was then promoted to full Admiral in 1795. As Rear Admiral in November 1793, he was the first officer to articulate a growing conviction in the navy that lemons were the best cure for scurvy and, going against prevailing medical opinion, demanded a supply for his ships. The resulting scurvy-free voyage of HMS Suffolk to India was a crucial element in the Admiralty's decision in 1795 to issue lemon juice as a daily ration in the navy - a policy which drastically minimised outbreaks of scurvy. During the Mutiny at Spithead in 1797, Gardner negotiated directly with the mutineers, until he lost his temper, seized a mutineer by the throat and threatened to hang the lot. This nearly led to his own demise at the hands of the mutineers, but cooler heads prevailed.

In 1800 he became Commander-in-Chief of the Cork Station. That year he was also created Baron Gardner, of Uttoxeter, in the Peerage of Ireland and in 1806 the title of Baron Gardner in the Peerage of the United Kingdom was created for him. He was Member of Parliament for Plymouth and, later, Westminster. He was briefly Commander-in-Chief, Portsmouth from March to June 1803 but returned to the Cork Station after that. In 1807 he was made Commander-in-Chief of the Channel Fleet and he died in office on 1 January 1809.

Family

Gardner was born in Uttoxeter. He married Susannah Hyde Gale (c. 1760 - 20 April 1823) on 20 May 1769. They had two sons. The older son, Alan Hyde Gardner, 2nd Baron Gardner, became an admiral in the Royal Navy. Gale was a Jamaican heiress and the daughter of Francis Gale, a plantation owner, and Susanna Hall.

Through his brother, Major Valentine Gardner, he was the uncle of Colonel William Linnæus Gardner, an Indian officer.

Legacy

An East Indiaman was named after Admiral Gardner; it was wrecked on the Goodwin Sands, 24 January 1809. It was carrying a large number of copper 10 and 20 cash coins minted by the East India Company for circulation in the Madras Presidency. The coins were preserved in tightly sealed barrels and large numbers were retrieved around 1986. They are frequently packaged and sold as inexpensive "shipwreck coins."

References

Attribution

 ; Endnotes:

• Charnock's Biog. Nav. vi. 583
• Ralfe's Nav. Biog. i. 407
• Foster's Peerage
• Jerdan's National Portrait Gallery

External links

• Alan Gardner, 1st Baron Gardner, illustrations in the National Maritime Museum
• Alan Gardner, 1st Baron Gardner, illustrations in the National Portrait Gallery
• Alan Gardner at Oxford Dictionary of National Biography

Parliament of Great Britain
Preceded by Captain Robert Fanshawe Captain John MacBride	Member of Parliament for Plymouth 1790–1796 With: Captain John MacBride (1790) Sir Frederick Leman Rogers (1790-1796)	Succeeded by Sir William Elford Sir Frederick Leman Rogers
Preceded by Samuel Hood	Member of Parliament for Westminster 1796–1801	Parliament of the United Kingdom
Parliament of the United Kingdom
New parliament	Member of Parliament for Westminster 1801–1806	Succeeded by Earl Percy
Military offices
Preceded by John Pakenham	Commander-in-Chief, Jamaica Station 1785	Succeeded by Alexander Innes
Preceded by Alexander Innes	Commander-in-Chief, Jamaica Station 1786–1789	Succeeded by Philip Affleck
Preceded by Robert Kingsmill	Commander-in-Chief, Cork Station 1800–1803	Succeeded by Not filled
Preceded by Mark Milbanke	Commander-in-Chief, Portsmouth March 1803–June 1803	Succeeded by Sir George Montagu
Preceded by Not filled	Commander-in-Chief, Cork Station 1803–1807	Succeeded by James Hawkins-Whitshed
Peerage of the United Kingdom
New title	Baron Gardner of Uttoxeter 1806–1809	Succeeded by Alan Hyde Gardner