German federal election, November 1932

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German federal election, November 1932

← July 1932 6 November 1932 March 1933 →

All 584 seats in the Reichstag
293 seats needed for a majority
Turnout 80.58%
  First party Second party Third party
  Adolf Hitler 1933 (foto carnet).jpg Otto Wels.jpg 102px
Leader Adolf Hitler Otto Wels Ernst Thälmann
Party NSDAP SPD KPD
Leader since 28 July 1921 1919 October 1925
Last election 230 seats, 37.27% 133 seats, 21.58% 89 seats, 14.32%
Seats won 196 121 100
Seat change Decrease34 Decrease12 Increase11
Popular vote 11,737,395 7,251,690 5,980,614
Percentage 33.09% 20.43% 16.86%
Swing Decrease4.18% Decrease1.15% Increase2.54%

  Fourth party Fifth party Sixth party
  95px Bundesarchiv Bild 183-2005-0621-500, Reichsminister Alfred Hugenberg.jpg Heinrich held 102 01176crop.png
Leader Ludwig Kaas Alfred Hugenberg Heinrich Held
Party Centre DNVP BVP
Leader since September 1928 1928 27 June 1924
Last election 75 seats, 12.44% 37 seats, 5.91% 22 seats, 3.23%
Seats won 70 52 20
Seat change Decrease5 Increase15 Decrease2
Popular vote 4,230,545 3,792,563 1,206,247
Percentage 11.93% 8.34% 3.09%
Swing Decrease0.51% Increase2.43% Decrease0.14%

Chancellor before election

Franz von Papen
Non-partisan

Elected Chancellor

None (Schleicher appointed shortly afterward)

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Federal elections were held in Germany on 6 November 1932.[1] They saw a significant drop in votes for the Nazi Party and increases for the Communists and the national conservative DNVP. It was the last free and fair all-German election before the Nazi Machtergreifung on 30 January 1933, as the following elections of March 1933 were already accompanied by massive suppression, especially against Communist and Social Democratic politicians. The next free election was not held until August 1949 in West Germany; the next free all-German elections took place in December 1990 after reunification.

The results of the November 1932 election were a great disappointment for the Nazis. Although they emerged once more as the largest party by far, they had fewer seats than before, and failed to form a government coalition in the Reichstag parliament. So far Chancellor Franz von Papen, a former member of the Catholic Centre Party, had governed without parliamentary support relying on legislative decrees promulgated by Reich President Paul von Hindenburg according to Article 48 of the Weimar Constitution. However, on 12 September 1932 Papen had to ask Hindenburg to dissolve the parliament in order to preempt a motion of no confidence tabled by the Communist Party, which was expected to pass (since the Nazis were expected to vote in favour, as they also desired new elections). Thus, the election of November 1932 was held following this dissolution of parliament in September. The DNVP, which had backed Papen, gained 15 seats as a result.

After the election, Chancellor Papen urged Hindenburg to continue to govern by emergency decrees. Nevertheless, on 3 December he was superseded by his Defence Minister Kurt von Schleicher who in talks with the left wing of the Nazi Party led by Gregor Strasser tried to build up a Third Position (Querfront) strategy. These plans failed when in turn Hitler disempowered Strasser and approached Papen for coalition talks. Papen obtained Hindenburg's consent to form the Hitler Cabinet on 30 January 1933.

Results

Party Votes % Seats +/–
National Socialist German Workers Party 11,737,021 33.09 196 –34
Social Democratic Party of Germany 7,247,901 20.43 121 –12
Communist Party of Germany 5,980,239 16.86 100 +11
Centre Party 4,230,545 11.93 70 –5
German National People's Party 2,959,053 8.34 51 +14
Bavarian People's Party 1,094,597 3.09 20 –2
German People's Party 660,889 1.86 11 +4
Christian Social People's Service 403,666 1.14 5 +2
German State Party 336,447 0.95 2 –2
German Farmers' Party 149,026 0.42 3 +1
Agricultural League 105,220 0.30 2 0
Reich Party of the German Middle Class 110,309 0.31 1 –1
German-Hanoverian Party 63,966 0.18 1 +1
Radical Middle Class 60,246 0.17 0 0
Thuringian Agricultural League 60,062 0.17 1 New
Christian-National Peasants' and Farmers' Party 46,382 0.13 0 –1
People's Justice Party 46,202 0.13 0 –1
Socialist Workers' Party of Germany 45,201 0.13 0 0
Poland List 32,988 0.09 0 0
For Hindenberg and Pope 27,752 0.08 0 New
Kleinrentner, Inflationsgeschädigte und Vorkriegsgeldbesitzer 15,727 0.04 0 0
Free Economy Party of Germany 11,002 0.03 0 0
Schicksalsgemeinschaft deutscher Erwerbslosen, Kleinhandel und Gewerbe 9,250 0.03 0 New
Social Republican Party of Germany 8,395 0.02 0 New
Handwerker, Handel- und Gewerbetreibende 5,189 0.01 0 0
Radical Democratic Party 3,789 0.01 0 New
Kampfgemeinschaft der Arbeiter und Bauern 3,308 0.01 0 0
National Social Party of the Middle Class 3,052 0.01 0 New
Enteigneter Mittelstand 2,737 0.01 0 0
National Freedom Party of Germany 1,810 0.01 0 0
Schleswig Home 1,694 0.00 0 0
Greater Germany People's Party 1,311 0.00 0 0
Interessengemeinschaft der Kleinrentner und Inflationsgeschädigten 1,086 0.00 0 0
Nationalist Party 588 0.00 0 New
People's Socialists 518 0.00 0 New
Haus- und Landwirtepartei 461 0.00 0 New
National Communist Party of Germany 381 0.00 0 New
German Social Monarchist Party 355 0.00 0 0
German Reform Party 352 0.00 0 0
German Workers Party 308 0.00 0 0
Unitarianist Union of Germany 290 0.00 0 0
Greater German Middle Class Party for Middle Class Dictatorship 286 0.00 0 New
Gerechtigkeits-Bewegung-Meißner 280 0.00 0 New
German National Citizen Bloc 192 0.00 0 New
Party for the Unemployed for Work and Bread 140 0.00 0 0
National German Catholic Reich Party 137 0.00 0 New
German Socialist Struggle Movement 101 0.00 0 0
German Reich against Interest Rate Movement 97 0.00 0 New
Freiheitsbewegung Schwarz-Weiß-Rot 92 0.00 0 New
Middle Class Party 85 0.00 0 New
Kampfbund der Lohn- und Gehaltsabgebauten 63 0.00 0 New
Invalid/blank votes 287,471
Total 35,758,259 100 584 –24
Registered voters/turnout 44,374,085 80.58
Source: Gonschior.de


Popular Vote
NSDAP
  
33.09%
SPD
  
20.43%
KPD
  
16.86%
Zentrum
  
11.93%
DNVP
  
8.34%
BVP
  
3.09%
DVP
  
1.86%
CSVD
  
1.14%
DStP
  
0.95%
Other
  
2.31%
Reichstag seats
NSDAP
  
33.56%
SPD
  
20.72%
KPD
  
17.12%
Zentrum
  
11.99%
DNVP
  
8.73%
BVP
  
3.42%
DVP
  
1.88%
CSVD
  
0.86%
DStP
  
0.34%
Other
  
1.37%

References

  1. Nohlen, D & Stöver, P (2010) Elections in Europe: A data handbook, p762 ISBN 978-3-8329-5609-7