A European Commissioner is a member of the European Commission. Each Commissioner within the college holds a specific portfolio and are led by the President of the European Commission. In simple terms they are the equivalent of national ministers. Each European Union member state has the right to a single commissioner (prior to 2004, the four largest states—France, Germany, Spain and the United Kingdom—were granted two) and appoints them in consultation with the President.
The accession of Romania and Bulgaria in 2007 raised the number of commissioners from 25 to 27, and after the accession of Croatia in 2013 the number of commissioners raised to 28. Below is a list of all past and present European Commissioners according to the member-state they were nominated by, including the Presidents of the European Coal and Steel Community and European Atomic Energy Community. The colours indicate their political background (blue for conservative or centre-right, mainly European People's Party, red for left-wing or social democrats, mainly the Party of European Socialists, yellow for centrist or liberals, mainly European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party, and green for green politicians, mainly the European Green Party).
Austria
Belgium
| European Coal and Steel Community |
| Member |
Portfolio |
Authority |
Party |
| Albert Coppé[2] |
Long Term Policy (Vice President) |
Monnet |
CVP |
| General Objectives, Long Term Policy, Markets, Agreements and Transport (Vice President) |
Mayer |
| General Objectives and Long Term Policy (Vice President) |
Finet |
| Member (Vice President) |
Malvestiti |
| Transport and Information (Vice President) |
Del Bo / Coppé |
| President |
| Paul Finet[3] |
Social Problems and Administrative Questions |
Monnet |
BSP |
| Social Problems |
Mayer |
| President |
Finet |
| Member |
Malvestiti |
| Social Problems |
Del Bo |
| Commissioner |
Portfolio |
Commission |
Party |
| Jean Rey |
External Relations |
Hallstein I |
PLP |
| External Relations |
Hallstein II |
| President |
Rey |
| Albert Coppé |
Budget, Credit, Investment, Press and Information |
Rey |
CVP |
| Social Affairs, Transport, Personnel, Administration, Credit, Investment, Budget and Financial Control |
Malfatti |
| Social Affairs, Transport, Personnel, Administration, Credit, Investment, Budget and Financial Control |
Mansholt |
| Henri Simonet |
Taxation, Financial Institutions and Energy (Vice President) |
Ortoli |
PS |
| Étienne Davignon |
Internal Market, Industrial Affairs and Customs Union |
Jenkins |
CDH |
| Industrial Affairs, Energy, Research and Science (Vice President) |
Thorn |
| Willy De Clercq |
External Relations and Trade |
Delors I |
PVV |
| Karel Van Miert |
Transport, Credit, Investment, and Consumer Protection |
Delors II |
Sp.a |
| Competition, Personnel and Administration (Vice President) |
Delors III |
| Competition |
Santer / Marín |
| Philippe Busquin[4] |
Research |
Prodi |
PS |
| Louis Michel[4][5] |
Research |
Prodi |
MR |
| Development and Humanitarian Aid |
Barroso I |
| Karel De Gucht[5] |
Development and Humanitarian Aid |
Barroso I |
VLD |
| Trade |
Barroso II |
| Marianne Thyssen |
Employment, Social Affairs, Skills and Labour Mobility |
Juncker |
CD&V |
Bulgaria
Croatia
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
| European Atomic Energy Community |
| Member |
Portfolio |
Commission |
Party |
| Louis Armand |
President |
Armand |
Unknown |
| Étienne Hirsch |
President |
Hirsch |
Unknown |
| Pierre Chatenet |
President |
Chatenet |
UDR |
| European Coal and Steel Community |
| Member |
Portfolio |
Authority |
Party |
| Jean Monnet |
President |
Monnet |
Unknown |
| Léon Daum |
Finance, Investment, Production and Instructions |
Monnet |
Unknown |
| Finance, Investment, Production and Instructions |
Mayer |
| Investment and Production |
Finet |
| René Mayer |
President |
Mayer |
PR |
| Roger Reynaud[16] |
Member |
Finet |
Unknown |
| Member |
Malvestiti |
| Economic Policy and Industrial Development |
Del Bo / Coppé |
| Pierre-Olivier Lapie |
Member |
Malvestiti |
SFIO |
| Energy |
Del Bo / Coppé |
| Commissioner |
Portfolio |
Commission |
Party |
| Robert Lemaignen |
Overseas Development |
Hallstein I |
Unknown |
| Robert Marjolin |
Economic and Financial Affairs (Vice President) |
Hallstein I |
SFIO |
| Economic and Financial Affairs (Vice President) |
Hallstein II |
| Henri Rochereau |
Overseas Development |
Hallstein II |
Unknown |
| Overseas Development |
Rey |
| Raymond Barre |
Economic and Financial Affairs (Vice President) |
Rey |
UDF |
| Economic and Financial Affairs (Vice President) |
Malfatti |
| Economic and Financial Affairs (Vice President) |
Mansholt |
| Jean-François Deniau |
Enlargement and Development Aid |
Malfatti |
UDF |
| Enlargement and Development Aid |
Mansholt |
| Development, Budget and Financial Control |
Ortoli |
| François-Xavier Ortoli |
President |
Ortoli |
UDR / RPR |
| Economics, Finance, Credit and Investment (Vice President) |
Jenkins |
| Economics, Finance, Credit and Investment (Vice President) |
Thorn |
| Claude Cheysson[17] |
Development, Budget and Financial Control |
Ortoli |
PS |
| Development |
Jenkins |
| Development |
Thorn |
| Mediterranean Policy and North-South Relations |
Delors I |
| Edgard Pisani[17][18] |
Development |
Thorn |
PS |
| Jacques Delors |
President |
Delors I |
PS |
| President |
Delors II |
| President |
Delors III |
| Christiane Scrivener |
Taxation and Customs Union |
Delors II |
PR |
| Taxation, Customs Union and Consumer Protection |
Delors III |
| Yves-Thibault de Silguy |
Economic and Financial Affairs, Credit and Investment |
Santer / Marín |
RPR |
| Édith Cresson |
Research, Science, Technological Development, Education, Culture, Multilingualism and Youth |
Santer / Marín |
PS |
| Pascal Lamy |
Trade |
Prodi |
PS |
| Michel Barnier[19] |
Regional Policy |
Prodi |
UMP |
| Jacques Barrot[19][20] |
Regional Policy |
Prodi |
UMP |
| Transport (Vice President) |
Barroso I |
| Justice, Freedom and Security (Vice President) |
| Michel Barnier[21] |
Internal Market and Services (Vice President) |
Barroso II |
UMP |
| Pierre Moscovici |
Economic and Financial Affairs, Taxation and Customs |
Juncker |
PS |
Germany
| European Coal and Steel Community |
| Member |
Portfolio |
Authority |
Party |
| Heinz Potthof |
Member |
Monnet |
SPD |
| Franz Etzel[22] |
Markets, Agreements and Transport (First Vice President) |
Monnet |
CDU |
| Member (First Vice President) |
Mayer |
| Franz Blücher[23] |
Member |
Finet |
FDP |
| Heinz Potthoff[24] |
Finance, Budget and Administration |
Finet |
SPD |
| Finance and Investment |
Malvestiti |
| Karl-Maria Hettlage[24] |
Finance and Investment |
Malvestiti |
CDU |
| Finance and Investment |
Del Bo / Coppé |
| Fritz Hellwig[25] |
Coal and Steel Markets |
Del Bo / Coppé |
CDU |
| Commissioner |
Portfolio |
Commission |
Party |
| Walter Hallstein |
President |
Hallstein I |
CDU |
| President |
Hallstein II |
| Hans von der Groeben |
Competition |
Hallstein I |
CDU |
| Competition |
Hallstein II |
| Internal Market and Regional Policy |
Rey |
| Fritz Hellwig |
Research, Technology and Information Distribution (Vice President) |
Rey |
CDU |
| Wilhelm Haferkamp |
Energy (Vice President) |
Rey |
SPD |
| Internal Market and Energy (Vice President) |
Malfatti |
| Internal Market and Energy (Vice President) |
Mansholt |
| Economics, Finance, Credit and Investment (Vice President) |
Ortoli |
| External Relations (Vice President) |
Jenkins |
| External Relations and Nuclear Affairs (Vice President) |
Thorn |
| Ralf Dahrendorf |
External Relations and Trade |
Malfatti |
FDP |
| External Relations and Trade |
Mansholt |
| Research, Science and Education |
Ortoli |
| Guido Brunner |
Energy, Research, Science and Education |
Jenkins |
FDP |
| Karl-Heinz Narjes |
Internal Market, Industrial Innovation, Customs Union, Environment, Consumer Protection, and Nuclear Safety |
Thorn |
CDU |
| Industrial Affairs, Information Technology, Research and Science (Vice President) |
Delors I |
| Alois Pfeiffer[26][27] |
Economic Affairs, Employment, Credit and Investment |
Delors I |
SPD |
| Economic Affairs and Regional Policy |
| Peter Schmidhuber[26] |
Economic Affairs and Regional Policy |
Delors I |
CSU |
| Budget and Financial Control |
Delors II |
| Budget and Financial Control |
Delors III |
| Martin Bangemann |
Internal Market, Industrial Affairs and Parliamentary Relations (Vice President) |
Delors II |
FDP |
| Industrial Affairs, Information Technology and Telecommunications (Vice President) |
Delors III |
| Industrial Affairs, Information and Telecommunications Technologies |
Santer / Marín |
| Monika Wulf-Mathies |
Regional Policy |
Santer / Marín |
SPD |
| Michaele Schreyer |
Budget |
Prodi |
Greens |
| Günter Verheugen |
Enlargement |
Prodi |
SPD |
| Enterprise and Industry (Vice President) |
Barroso I |
| Günther Oettinger[28] |
Energy (Vice President) |
Barroso II |
CDU |
| Digital Economy and Society |
Juncker |
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
| European Coal and Steel Community |
| Member |
Portfolio |
Authority |
Party |
| Enzo Giacchero |
Press and Information |
Monnet |
DC |
| Press and Information |
Mayer |
| Social Problems |
Finet |
| Piero Malvestiti |
President |
Malvestiti |
DC |
| Rinaldo Del Bo[35] |
President |
Del Bo |
DC |
| Commissioner |
Portfolio |
Commission |
Party |
| Piero Malvestiti[36] |
Internal Market (Vice-President) |
Hallstein I |
DC |
| Giuseppe Petrilli[37] |
Social Affairs |
Hallstein I |
DC |
| Giuseppe Caron[36][38] |
Internal Market |
Hallstein I |
DC |
| Internal Market (Vice President) |
Hallstein II |
| Lionello Levi Sandri[39] |
Social Affairs |
Hallstein I |
PSI |
| Social Affairs (Vice President) |
Hallstein II |
| Social Affairs, Personnel and Administration (Vice President) |
Rey |
| Guido Colonna di Paliano[38][40] |
Internal Market |
Hallstein II |
DC |
| Industrial Affairs |
Rey |
| Edoardo Martino |
External Relations |
Rey |
DC |
| Franco Maria Malfatti |
President |
Malfatti |
DC |
| Altiero Spinelli[41] |
Industry, Technology, Training, Education and Customs Union |
Malfatti |
PCI |
| Industry, Technology, Training, Education and Customs Union |
Mansholt |
| Industry and Technology |
Ortoli |
| Carlo Scarascia-Mugnozza |
Agriculture (Vice President) |
Mansholt |
DC |
| Parliamentary Affairs, Environment, Consumer Interests, Transport and Information (Vice President) |
Ortoli |
| Cesidio Guazzaroni[41] |
Industry and Technology |
Ortoli |
PRI |
| Antonio Giolitti |
Regional Policy |
Jenkins |
PSI |
| Regional Policy |
Thorn |
| Lorenzo Natali |
Enlargement, Environment and Nuclear Safety |
Jenkins |
DC |
| Mediterranean Policy, Enlargement and Information (Vice President) |
Thorn |
| Cooperation, Development and Enlargement (Vice President) |
Delors I |
| Carlo Ripa di Meana |
Institutional Reform, Information, Culture and Tourism |
Delors I |
PSI |
| Environment and Nuclear Safety |
Delors II |
| Filippo Maria Pandolfi |
Science, Research, Development, Telecommunications, Information Technology and Innovation (Vice President) |
Delors II |
DC |
| Antonio Ruberti |
Science, Research, Technological Development, Education, Training and Youth (Vice President) |
Delors III |
PSI |
| Raniero Vanni d'Archirafi |
Institutional Reform, Internal Market, Financial Services, Enterprise and SMEs |
Delors III |
DC |
| Emma Bonino |
Fisheries and Consumers Policy |
Santer / Marín |
LB |
| Mario Monti |
Internal Market, Financial Services, Customs and Taxation |
Santer / Marín |
Independent |
| Competition |
Prodi |
| Romano Prodi |
President |
Prodi |
ID / DL |
| Franco Frattini[42] |
Justice, Freedom and Security (Vice President) |
Barroso I |
FI |
| Antonio Tajani[42][43] |
Transport (Vice President) |
Barroso I |
PdL |
| Industry and Entrepreneurship (Vice President) |
Barroso II |
| Ferdinando Nelli Feroci[43] |
Industry and Entrepreneurship |
Barroso II |
PD |
| Federica Mogherini |
Foreign Affairs and Security Policy (Vice President) |
Juncker |
PD |
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Malta
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
| Commissioner |
Portfolio |
Commission |
Party |
| Christopher Soames |
External Relations (Vice President) |
Ortoli |
Conservative |
| George Thomson |
Regional Policy |
Ortoli |
Labour |
| Roy Jenkins |
President |
Jenkins |
Labour |
| Christopher Tugendhat |
Budget, Financial Control and Financial Institutions |
Jenkins |
Conservative |
| Budget, Financial Control, Financial Institutions, Personnel and Administration (Vice President) |
Thorn |
| Ivor Richard |
Employment, Social Affairs, Education and Training |
Thorn |
Labour |
| The Lord Cockfield |
Internal Market, Customs Union and Taxation (Vice President) |
Delors I |
Conservative |
| Stanley Clinton-Davis[70] |
Environment, Consumer Protection, Nuclear Safety and Transport |
Delors I |
Labour |
| Environment, Nuclear Safety and Transport |
| Bruce Millan |
Regional Policy |
Delors II |
Labour |
| Regional Policy |
Delors III |
| Leon Brittan |
Competition and Financial Institutions (Vice President) |
Delors II |
Conservative |
| Trade (Vice President) |
Delors III |
| External Relations and Trade (Vice President) |
Santer / Marín |
| Neil Kinnock |
Transport |
Santer / Marín |
Labour |
| Administrative Reform (Vice President) |
Prodi |
| Chris Patten |
External Relations |
Prodi |
Conservative |
| Peter Mandelson[71] |
Trade |
Barroso I |
Labour |
| Catherine Ashton[71][72] |
Trade |
Barroso I |
Labour |
| Foreign Affairs and Security Policy |
| Foreign Affairs and Security Policy (First Vice President) |
Barroso II |
| Jonathan Hill |
European Commissioner for Financial Stability Financial Services and Capital Markets Union |
Juncker |
Conservative |
Nominated Commissioners
A number of commissioners were formally nominated and assigned portfolios before being withdrawn after their hearing with the European Parliament, with the exception of Thorvald Stoltenberg, who withdrew after the rejection of Norway's ascension referendum.
Notes and references
- ↑ Ferrero-Waldner held the External Relations brief in the Barroso I Commission until 1 December 2009, when Catherine Ashton became High Representative. She was then moved to Trade for the rest of her term.
- ↑ Coppé was elevated to President of the High Authority from 1 March 1967 to 5 July 1967 following Rinaldo Del Bo's resignation.
- ↑ Finet served in the Del Bo Authority from 10 January 1964 to 18 May 1965, his death.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Busquin served in the Prodi Commission until 18 July 2004, when Michel assumed office.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Michel served in the Barroso I Commission until 17 July 2009, when De Gucht assumed office.
- ↑ Kuneva served in the Barroso I Commission from 1 January 2007, Bulgaria's accession.
- ↑ Mimica served in the Barroso II Commission from 1 January 2013, Croatia's accession.
- ↑ Kyprianou served in the Prodi Commission from 1 January 2004, Cyprus's accession.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Kyprianou served in the Barroso I Commission until 3 March 2008, when Vassiliou assumed office.
- ↑ Telička served in the Prodi Commission from 1 January 2004, the Czech Republic's accession.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 Gundelach served in the Thorn Commission until 13 January 1981, his death. Dalsager assumed office on 20 January 1981.
- ↑ Kallas served in the Prodi Commission from 1 May 2004, Estonia's ascension.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 Liikanen served in the Prodi Commission until 12 July 2004, when Rehn assumed office.
- ↑ Rehn was elevated to Vice President and given the Euro brief in the Barroso II Commission from 27 October 2011.
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 Rehn served in the Barroso II Commission until 1 July 2014, when Katainen assumed office.
- ↑ Reynaud served in the Del Bo Authority until September 1963; he served again from 10 January 1964.
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 Cheysson served in the Thorn Commission until 23 April 1981. Pisani assumed office on 26 May 1981.
- ↑ Pisani served in the Thorn Commission from 26 May 1981 – 3 December 1984 and was not replaced.
- ↑ 19.0 19.1 Barnier served in the Prodi Commission until 31 March 2004, when Barrot assumed office.
- ↑ Barrot held the Transport brief in the Barroso I Commission until 9 May 2008, when Franco Frattini resigned. He was then moved to Justice, Freedom and Security for the rest of his term.
- ↑ Barnier was elevated to Vice President in the Barroso II Commission from 1 July 2014.
- ↑ Etzel served in the Mayer Authority until 28 October 1957.
- ↑ Blücher served in the Finet Authority until 26 March 1959, his death.
- ↑ 24.0 24.1 Potthof served in the Malvestiti Authority until 10 August 1962. He was replaced by Hettlage on 14 December 1962.
- ↑ Hellwig served in the Del Bo Authority from 10 January 1964.
- ↑ 26.0 26.1 Pfeiffer served in the Delors I Commission until 1 August 1987, his death. He was replaced by Schmidhuber on 2 September 1987.
- ↑ Pfeiffer held the Employment, Credit and Investment briefs in the Delors I Commission until 5 January 1986, with Portugal and Spain's accession.
- ↑ Oettinger was elevated to Vice President in the Barroso II Commission from 1 July 2014.
- ↑ Varfis held the Regional Policy and Parliamentary Relations briefs in the Delors I Commission until 5 January 1986, with Portugal and Spain's accession.
- ↑ 30.0 30.1 Diamantopoulou served in the Prodi Commission until 10 March 2004, when Dimas assumed office.
- ↑ Balázs served in the Prodi Commission from 1 January 2004, Hungary's accession.
- ↑ Hillery served in the Ortoli Commission until 2 December 1976 and was not replaced.
- ↑ 33.0 33.1 O'Kennedy served in the Thorn Commission until 3 March 1982. Burke assumed office on 1 April 1982.
- ↑ held the Social Affairs, Education and Training briefs in the Delors I Commission until 5 January 1986, with Portugal and Spain's accession.
- ↑ Del Bo served as President of the High Authority until 1 March 1967, when Albert Coppé assumed office. There was no replacement in the interim Coppé Authority.
- ↑ 36.0 36.1 Malvestiti served in the Hallstein I Commission until 15 September 1959. Caron assumed office on 24 November 1959.
- ↑ Petrilli served in the Hallstein I Commission until 8 February 1961, when Sandri assumed office.
- ↑ 38.0 38.1 Caron served in the Hallstein II Commission until 15 May 1963. Paliano assumed office on 30 July 1964.
- ↑ Sandri was elevated to Vice President in the Hallstein II Commission from 30 July 1965.
- ↑ Paliano served in the Rey Commission until 8 May 1970 and was not replaced.
- ↑ 41.0 41.1 Spinelli served in the Ortoli Commission until 13 July 1976, when Guazzaroni assumed office.
- ↑ 42.0 42.1 Frattini served in the Barroso I Commission until 23 April 2008. Tajani assumed office on 18 June 2008.
- ↑ 43.0 43.1 Tajani served in the Barroso II Commission until 1 July 2014. Feroci assumed office on 16 July 2014.
- ↑ Kalniete served in the Prodi Commission from 1 May 2004, Latvia's ascension.
- ↑ Grybauskaitė served in the Prodi Commission from 1 May 2004, Lithuania's ascension.
- ↑ 46.0 46.1 Grybauskaitė served in the Barroso I Commission until 1 July 2009, when Šemeta assumed office.
- ↑ Fohrmann served in the Del Bo / Coppé Authority from 30 June 1965.
- ↑ 48.0 48.1 Rasquin served in the Hallstein I Commission until 27 April 1958, his death. Schaus assumed office on 18 June 1958.
- ↑ Santer served as President of the Commission until 15 March 1999, when Manuel Marín assumed office. There was no replacement in the interim Marín Commission.
- ↑ 50.0 50.1 Reding served in the Barroso II Commission until 1 July 2014. Reicherts assumed office on 16 July 2014.
- ↑ Borg served in the Prodi Commission from 1 May 2004, Malta's ascension.
- ↑ 52.0 52.1 Dalli served in the Barroso II Commission until 16 October 2012. Borg assumed office on 28 November 2012.
- ↑ Borg held the Consumer Policy brief in the Barroso II Commission until 1 July 2013, with Croatia's accession.
- ↑ 54.0 54.1 Spierenburg served in the Malvestiti Authority until 25 September 1962. Homan assumed office on 15 December 1962.
- ↑ Spierenburg served in the Del Bo Authority until 7 June 1965 and was not replaced.
- ↑ Andriessen held the Fisheries brief in the Delors I Commission until 5 January 1986, Portugal's ascension.
- ↑ Hübner served in the Prodi Commission from 1 May 2004, Poland's ascension.
- ↑ 58.0 58.1 Hübner served in the Barroso I Commission until 4 July 2009, when Samecki assumed office.
- ↑ 59.0 59.1 Lewandowski served in the Barroso II Commission until 1 July 2014. Dominik assumed office from 16 July 2014.
- ↑ Cunha served in the Delors I Commission from 5 January 1986, Portugal's ascension.
- ↑ Orban served in the Barroso I Commission from 1 January 2007, Romania's accession.
- ↑ Figeľ served in the Prodi Commission from 1 May 2004, Slovakia's ascension.
- ↑ Figeľ held the Multilingualism brief in the Barroso I Commission until 1 January 2007, Romania's ascension.
- ↑ Potočnik served in the Prodi Commission from 1 May 2004, Slovenia's ascension.
- ↑ Matutes served in the Delors I Commission from 5 January 1986, Spain's ascension.
- ↑ 66.0 66.1 Matutes served in the Delors III Commission until 27 April 1994, when Oreja assumed office.
- ↑ Marín served in the Delors I Commission from 5 January 1986, Spain's ascension.
- ↑ Marín was elevated to President of the Commission from 16 March 1999 to 12 September 1999 following Jacques Santer's resignation.
- ↑ 69.0 69.1 Solbes served in the Prodi Commission until 10 April 2004. Almunia assumed office on 24 April 2004.
- ↑ Clinton-Davis held the Consumer Protection brief in the Delors I Commission until 5 January 1986, with Portugal and Spain's accession.
- ↑ 71.0 71.1 Mandelson served in the Barroso I Commission until 3 October 2008. Ashton assumed office on 24 October 2008.
- ↑ Ashton held the Trade brief in the Barroso I Commission until 1 December 2009. She was then moved to Foreign Affairs and Security Policy for the rest of her term.
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- Jean Rey (Rey Commission, 1967–70)
- Franco Maria Malfatti (Malfatti Commission, 1970–72)
- Sicco Mansholt (Mansholt Commission, 1972–73)
- François-Xavier Ortoli (Ortoli Commission, 1973–77)
- Roy Jenkins (Jenkins Commission, 1977–81)
- Gaston Thorn (Thorn Commission, 1981–85)
- Jacques Delors (Delors Commission, 1985–95)
- Jacques Santer (Santer Commission, 1995–99)
- Acting: Manuel Marín (Santer Commission, 1999)
- Romano Prodi (Prodi Commission, 1999–2004)
- José Manuel Barroso (Barroso Commission, 2004–09)
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