Magrahat I
| Magrahat I মগরাহাট I |
|
|---|---|
| Community development block সমষ্টি উন্নয়ন ব্লক |
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 Magrahat I
|
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| Coordinates: Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. | |
| Country |  India |
| State | West Bengal |
| District | South 24 Parganas |
| Parliamentary constituency | Mathurapur |
| Assembly constituency | Magrahat Paschim |
| Area | |
| • Total | 45.96 sq mi (119.04 km2) |
| Elevation | 20 ft (6 m) |
| Population (2011) | |
| • Total | 269,494 |
| • Density | 5,900/sq mi (2,300/km2) |
| Time zone | IST (UTC+5.30) |
| PIN | 743375 (Usthi) |
| Area code(s) | 03174 |
| Vehicle registration | WB-19, WB-20, WB-22 |
| Literacy Rate | 73.82 per cent |
| Website | http://s24pgs.gov.in/ |
Magrahat I is a community development block that forms an administrative division in Diamond Harbour subdivision of South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
Contents
History
Land reforms
During 1946-1950 the Tebhaga movement in several parts of the 24 Parganas district led to the enactment of the Bargadari Act. Although the Bargadari Act of 1950 recognised the rights of bargadars to a higher share of crops from the land that they tilled, it was not implemented. Large tracts, beyond the prescribed limit of land ceiling, remained with the rich landlords. In 1967, West Bengal witnessed peasant uprising, against non-implementation of land reforms legislation, starting from Kheyadaha gram panchayat in Sonarpur CD Block. From 1977 onwards major land reforms took place in West Bengal under the Left Front government. Land in excess of land ceiling was acquired and distributed amongst the peasants. Subsequently, “Operation Barga” was aimed at securing tenancy rights for the peasants. In Magrahat I CD Block 564.10 acres of land was acquired and vested. Out of this 452.21 acres or 80.16% of the vested land was distributed. The total number of patta holders was 3,294. [1]
Geography
Location
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Magrahat I CD Block is bounded by Bishnupur I and Bishnupur II CD Blocks in the north, Magrahat II CD Block in the east, Mandirbazar and Kulpi CD Blocks in the south, and Diamond Harbour I and Falta CD Blocks in the west. [2][3]
It is located 31 km from Alipore, the district headquarters.[2]
Area and administration
Magrahat I CD Block has an area of 119.04 km2. Usthi police station serves this CD Block. Magrahat I panchayat samity has 11 gram panchayats. The block has 86 inhabited villages.[4]Headquarters of this block is at Usthi.
Topography
South 24 Parganas district is divided in to two distinct physiographic zones: the marine-riverine delta in the north and the marine delta zone in the south. As the sea receded southwards, in the sub-recent geological period, a large low lying plain got exposed. Both tidal inflows and the rivers have been depositing sediments in this plain. The periodical collapse of both the natural levees and man-made embankments speed up the process of filling up of the depressions containing brackish water wetlands. The marine delta in the south is formed of interlacing tidal channels. As non-saline water for irrigation is scarce, agriculture is monsoon dominated. Some parts of the wetlands are still preserved for raising fish.[5]
Gram panchayats
Gram panchayats of Magrahat I block/panchayat samiti are: Shirakol/Rajarhat, Ektara, Hariharpur, Kalikapota, Lakshmikantapur, Rangilabad, Sherpur, Srichanda, Usthi, Uttar Kusum and Yearpur.[6]
Demographics
As per 2011 Census of India Magrahat I CD Block had a total population of 269,494, of which 203,837 were rural and 65,657 were urban. There were 138,152 (51%) males and 131,342 (49%) females. Population below 6 years was 38,472. Scheduled Castes numbered 55,191 and Scheduled Tribes numbered 172.[7]
As per 2001 census, Magrahat I block had a total population of 228,367, out of which 117,752 were males and 110,615 were females. Magrahat I block registered a population growth of 16.51 per cent during the 1991-2001 decade. Decadal growth for South 24 Parganas district was 20.89 per cent. Decadal growth in West Bengal was 17.84 per cent. Scheduled castes at 54,205 formed around one-fourth the population. Scheduled tribes numbered 1,603.[4][8][9]
Census towns and large villages
Census towns in Magrahat I CD Block (2011 census figures in brackets): Ajodhyanagar (4,409), Sirakol (10,250), Uttar Bishnupur (4,703), Ghola Noapara (6,210), Usthi (6,230), Barijpur (5,536), Uttar Kusum (10,716), Kalikapota (13,086) and Bamna (4,517).[7]
Large villages in Magrahat I CD Block (2011 census figures in brackets): Iyarpur (9,238), Khela Rampur (6,176), Serpur (8,170), Kesili (4,167), Nainanpur (4,711), Nazra (9,552), Deula (5,169), Samashat (4,829), Tulyan (4,003), Khanpur (5,101), Bahirpua (4,610) and Lakshmikantapur (4,642).[7]
Literacy
As per 2011 census the total number of literates in Magrahat I CD Block was 170,534 (73.82% of the population over 6 years) out of which 94,051 (55%) were males and 76,483 (45%) were females.[7]
As per 2011 census, literacy in South 24 Parganas district was 77.51[10] Literacy in West Bengal was 77.08% in 2011.[11] Literacy in India in 2011 was 74.04%.[11]
As per 2001 census, Magrahat I block had a total literacy of 67.34 per cent for the 6+ age group. While male literacy was 77.39 per cent female literacy was 56.54 per cent. South 24 Parganas district had a total literacy of 69.45 per cent, male literacy being 79.19 per cent and female literacy being 59.01 per cent.[4]
| Literacy in CD Blocks of South 24 Parganas district |
|---|
| Alipore Sadar subdivision |
| Bishnupur I – 78.33% |
| Bishnupur II – 81.37% |
| Budge Budge I – 80.57% |
| Budge Budge II – 79.13% |
| Thakurpukur Mahestala – 83.54% |
| Baruipur subdivision |
| Baruipur – 76.46% |
| Bhangar I – 72.06% |
| Bhangar II – 74.49% |
| Jaynagar I – 73.17% |
| Jaynagar II – 69.71% |
| Kultali – 69.37% |
| Sonarpur – 79.70% |
| Canning subdivision |
| Basanti – 68.32% |
| Canning I – 70.76% |
| Canning II – 66.51% |
| Gosaba – 78.98% |
| Diamond Harbour subdivision |
| Diamond Harbour I – 75.72% |
| Diamond Harbour II – 76.91% |
| Falta – 77.17% |
| Kulpi – 75.49% |
| Magrahat I – 73.82% |
| Magrahat II – 77.41% |
| Mandirbazar – 75.89% |
| Mathurapur I – 73.93% |
| Mathurapur II – 77.77% |
| Kakdwip subdivision |
| Kakdwip – 77.93% |
| Namkhana – 85.72 |
| Patharpratima – 82.11% |
| Sagar – 84.21% |
| Source: 2011 Census: CD Block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data |
Language
Bengali is the local language in these areas.[2]
Human Development Report
According to the South 24 Parganas district Human Development Report it is an overwhelmingly rural district with 85% of the population living in rural areas. An analysis of the district’s population shows that 33 percent of the district’s population belongs to Scheduled Castes. While 65.86% of people are Hindus, 33.24% are Muslims. 86% of the population resided in the 29 CD Blocks. In 2005, more than 4 lakh households were identified as living below poverty line, pushing the poverty ratio in the district to 34.11%, way above the state and national poverty ratios.[12]
Magrahat I CD Block has a poverty ratio of 28.41% of the households in 2005. In standard of living it has a rank 10 amongst all the 29 blocks. In Infrastructure development it has the 13th rank amongst all CD Blocks. In Magrahat I, 14.52% households have access to electricity. The length of surfaced roads is 2.09 km per sq km area. The number of bank branches is 0.48 per 10,000 population. In Magrahat I, 45.82% of rural households are engaged as daily/ agricultural/ other physical labour, 12.78% are culivators, 17.88% are self-emplyed rural artisans/ hawkers, 12.01% are engaged in labour oriented regular jobs in the unorganised sector, and 12.06% are engaged in the organised sector or work as professionals.[12]
As per 1991 census, while male literacy rate was 65.68% female literacy was 38.98% and there was a gender gap of 26.65% in Magrahat I. The CD Blocks are gradually catching up with the municipalities in matters of literacy. In 2006, Magrahat I had 27 secondary and higher secondary schools. All, but 1 of them had libraries but 23 of them did not have computer facilities.[12]
In 2006, in Magrahat I for 130 villages there were 31 health sub-centres and 2 rural hospital/public health centres having 25 beds with 7 medical officers, 6 nurses, 50 health assistants and 4 pharmacists and technicians. 30% of the 434 habitations in Magrahat I CD Block were fully covered with safe drinking water (including tube wells and tap water), 47.2% habitations were partly covered and 22.8% habitations were not covered.[12]
| Poverty Ratio in CD Blocks of South 24 Parganas district |
|---|
| Percentage of Households |
| Alipore Sadar subdivision |
| Bishnupur I – 16.59% |
| Bishnupur II – 10.82% |
| Budge Budge I – 14.78% |
| Budge Budge II – 34.04% |
| Thakurpukur Mahestala – 6.44% |
| Baruipur subdivision |
| Baruipur – 26.04% |
| Bhangar I – 28.22% |
| Bhangar II – 17.20% |
| Jaynagar I – 39.57% |
| Jaynagar II – 42.60% |
| Kultali – 46.86% |
| Sonarpur – 23.36% |
| Canning subdivision |
| Basanti – 64.89% |
| Canning I – 31.05% |
| Canning II – 50.32% |
| Gosaba – 38.03% |
| Diamond Harbour subdivision |
| Diamond Harbour I – 24.27% |
| Diamond Harbour II – 27.30% |
| Falta – 21.56% |
| Kulpi – 52.64% |
| Magrahat I – 28.41% |
| Magrahat II – 29.26% |
| Mandirbazar – 29.90% |
| Mathurapur I – 34.43% |
| Mathurapur II – 39.59% |
| Kakdwip subdivision |
| Kakdwip – 34.91% |
| Namkhana – 48.17% |
| Patharpratima – 49.18% |
| Sagar – 44.46% |
| Source: 2005:Rural Household Survey District Human Development Report Chapter 3 Page 43 |
References
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