Mestranol/noretynodrel was the first combined oral contraceptive pill (COCP) being mestranol and noretynodrel (INNs). It sold as Enovid in the United States and as Enavid in the United Kingdom. Developed by Dr. Gregory Pincus at G. D. Searle & Company, it was first approved on June 10, 1957 by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for treatment of menstrual disorders.[1] The FDA approved an additional indication for use as a contraceptive on June 23, 1960.[2][3] In 1961, it was approved as a contraceptive in the UK and in Canada.[4][5]
Enovid was discontinued in the U.S. in 1988, along with other first-generation high-estrogen COCPs.[6][7]
See also
References
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External links
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Receptor
(ligands) |
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Agonists
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- (R)-DPN
- (S)-DPN
- (R,R)-THC
- (S,S)-THC
- 2,8-DHHHC
- 3α-Androstanediol
- 3β-Androstanediol
- 3α-Hydroxytibolone
- 3β-Hydroxytibolone
- 7-Oxo-DHEA
- 7α-Hydroxy-DHEA
- 7β-Hydroxyepiandrosterone
- 8β-VE2
- 16α-Hydroxy-DHEA
- 16α-Hydroxyestrone
- 16α-IE2
- 16α-LE2 (Cpd1471)
- Δ4-Androstenedione
- Δ5-Androstenediol
- 17α-Estradiol (alfatradiol)
- 17β-Estradiol (estradiol)
- Alestramustine
- Almestrone
- Anabolic steroids (prodrugs; e.g., testosterone, metandienone (methandrostenolone), others)
- Anethole
- Anol
- Atrimustine
- Benzestrol
- Bifluranol
- Bisdehydrodoisynolic acid
- Cadmium
- Carbestrol
- Chalconoids (e.g., isoliquiritigenin, phloretin, phlorizin (phloridzin), wedelolactone)
- Cloxestradiol
- Conjugated equine estrogens (e.g., sodium equilin sulfate, sodium equilenin sulfate)
- Coumestans (e.g., coumestrol, psoralidin)
- DHEA
- DHEA-S
- Deoxymiroestrol
- Dianethole
- Dianol
- Diarylpropionitrile
- Dieldrin
- Dienestrol
- Dienestrol acetate
- Diethylstilbestrol
- Diethylstilbestrol dipropionate
- Diosgenin
- Doisynoestrol (fenocycline)
- Doisynolic acid
- DY-131 (GSK-9089)
- Endosulfan
- Epiestriol
- Epimestrol
- ERB-196 (WAY-202196)
- Esterified estrogens (e.g., estrone sulfate, equilin sulfate, equilenin sulfate)
- Estetrol
- Estradiol benzoate
- Estradiol butyrylacetate
- Estradiol cypionate
- Estradiol dienanthate
- Estradiol dipropionate
- Estradiol diundecylate
- Estradiol diundecylenate
- Estradiol enanthate
- Estradiol furoate
- Estradiol hemihydrate
- Estradiol hemisuccinate
- Estradiol hexahydrobenzoate
- Estradiol monopropionate
- Estradiol palmitate
- Estradiol pivalate
- Estradiol propoxyphenylpropionate
- Estradiol stearate
- Estradiol succinate
- Estradiol undecylate
- Estradiol valerate
- Estramustine
- Estramustine phosphate
- Estrapronicate
- Estrazinol
- Estriol
- Estriol succinate
- Estriol tripropionate
- Estrobin (DBE)
- Estrofurate
- Estromustine
- Estrone
- Estrone acetate
- Estrone cyanate
- Estrone sulfate
- Estrone tetraacetylglucoside
- Estropipate
- Estropronicate
- Etamestrol (eptamestrol)
- Ethinyl estradiol
- Ethinyl estradiol 3-isopropylsulfonate
- Etynodiol diacetate
- Fenarimol
- Fenestrel
- FERb 033
- Flavonoids (incl. 7,8-DHF, 8-prenylnaringenin, apigenin, baicalein, baicalin, calycosin, catechin, daidzein, daidzin, ECG, EGCG, epicatechin, equol, formononetin, glabrene, glabridin, genistein, genistin, glycitein, kaempferol, liquiritigenin, mirificin, myricetin, naringenin, pinocembrin, prunetin, puerarin, quercetin, tectoridin, tectorigenin)
- Fosfestrol
- Furostilbestrol
- GSK-4716
- Hexestrol
- Hexestrol diacetate
- Hexestrol dicaprylate
- Hexestrol diphosphate
- Hexestrol dipropionate
- Hydroxyestrone diacetate
- Lavender oil
- Lignans (e.g., enterodiol, enterolactone)
- Mestranol
- Metalloestrogens (e.g., cadmium)
- Methallenestril
- Methestrol
- Methestrol dipropionate
- Methiocarb
- Methylestradiol
- Miroestrol
- Moxestrol
- Nilestriol
- Noretynodrel
- Orestrate
- Paroxypropione
- Phytosterols (e.g., β-sitosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol)
- Polyestradiol phosphate
- Prinaberel (ERB-041, WAY-202041)
- Propylpyrazoletriol
- Promestriene
- Resorcylic acid lactones (e.g., zearalanone, zearalenol, zearalenone, zeranal (zearalanol))
- Quadrosilan
- Quinestradol
- Quinestrol
- SKF-82,958
- Stilbenoids (e.g., resveratrol)
- Synthetic xenoestrogens (e.g., alkylphenols, bisphenols (e.g., BPA, BPF, BPS), DDT, parabens, PBBs, PHBA, phthalates, PCBs)
- WAY-166818
- WAY-200070
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Antagonists
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Enzyme |
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Others |
Precursors
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Indirect
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- Antigonadotropins (e.g., androgens, estrogens, progestogens, prolactin)
- Calcitriol (vitamin D)
- GnRH agonists (e,g, GnRH, leuprorelin)
- GnRH antagonists (e.g., cetrorelix)
- Gonadotropins (e.g., FSH, hCG, LH)
- Kisspeptin
- Plasma proteins (ABP, albumin, SHBG)
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Receptor
(ligands) |
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Enzyme |
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Others |
Precursors/prohormones
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Indirect
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- Antigonadotropins (e.g., estrogens, progestogens, prolactin)
- GnRH agonists (e,g, GnRH, leuprorelin)
- GnRH antagonists (e.g., cetrorelix)
- Gonadotropins (e.g., FSH, hCG, LH)
- Kisspeptin
- Plasma proteins (ABP, albumin, SHBG)
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