List of Turkish exonyms

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An exonym is a place name, used by non-natives of that place, that differs from the official or native name for that place. This article attempts to give all known Turkish exonyms for all major cities and regions as well as some smaller towns that are historically or geographically important.

Turkish has a wealth of exonyms in areas beyond the current borders of Turkey notably those that were once part of Ottoman Empire and its vassals and tributaries or within the Turkish, Ottoman, or a Turkic sphere of cultural or economic influence.

In addition, Turkish sometimes renders the names of other cities in a phonetic Turkish spelling, e.g., Chicago as Şikago or Manchester as Mançester. As these forms are not commonly used in Turkish, there is not a systematic attempt to include them here.

Cities are grouped by country and then listed alphabetically by their current best-known name in English. The English version is followed by Turkish variants in order of significance. A blue asterisk generally indicates the availability of a Turkish Wikipedia article for that city under that name which may also provide additional reference for the equivalence. Any other equivalents without further footnotes should be viewed with caution.

Abkhazia

Afghanistan

Albania

Algeria

Andorra

Armenia

Australia

Austria

Azerbaijan

Belarus

Belgium

Bosnia-Herzegovina

Bulgaria

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Main article: List of Turkish exonyms in Bulgaria

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Main article: List of cities of Thrace

Central Asia

China

Croatia

Cyprus

Czech Republic

Denmark

Egypt

Eritrea

Europe

Finland

France

Georgia

Germany

Gibraltar

Greece

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Main article: List of Turkish exonyms in Greece

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Main article: List of cities of Thrace

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Main article: List of Aegean Islands

Hungary

India

Indonesia

Iran

Iraq

Israel

Italy

Japan

Jordan

Kazakhstan

Kosovo

Kyrgyzstan

Lebanon

Libya

Lithuania

Luxembourg

Macedonia

Malaysia

Malta

Mexico

Moldova

Mongolia

Montenegro

Morocco

Netherlands

North Korea

Oman

Pakistan

Palestine

Poland

Portugal

Romania

Russia

Saudi Arabia

Serbia

Slovakia

Slovenia

Somalia

South Korea

South Ossetia

South Sudan

Spain

Sudan

Sweden

Switzerland

Syria

Tajikistan

Tanzania

Tunisia

Turkey

Turkmenistan

Turks and Caicos Islands

Ukraine

United Arab Emirates

United Kingdom

United States

They are generally written like in English. "Washington", "California", "Chicago" and "Philadelphia" are more common than "Vaşington", "Kaliforniya", "Şikago" and "Filadelfiya".

Uzbekistan

Vietnam

Yemen

General

  • Americas Amerika, Merika Ceziresi, Yeni Dünya
  • Arctic Ocean Arktika, Arktik Denizi, Kuzey Buz Denizi, Çulman Denizi
  • Atlantic Ocean Atlas Okyanusu, Atlantik Okyanusu, Bahr-i Magrib
  • Indian Ocean Hint Okyanusu, Zümrüt Okyanusu, Zümrüt Deniz
  • Mediterranean Sea Akdeniz, Bahr-i Rûm
  • Pacific Ocean Büyük Okyanus, Pasifik Okyanusu, Günçıkış Denizi (Doğu Denizi), Bahr-i Muhit-i Kebir, Bahr-i Muhit-i Mutedil
  • Persian Gulf Basra Körfezi, İran Körfezi, Pers Denizi
  • Red Sea Kızıl Deniz, Kızıldeniz, Bahr-i Ahmer, Eritre Denizi

See also

References

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  1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 Prof.Dr. Şükrü Halûk Akalın, Makedonya’da Eğitim Dili Olarak Türkçe
  3. ↑ (Turkish)"Vidin Tarihine Notlar"
  4. ↑ (Turkish)"Osmanlı Devleti'nin İrşeve Kanalı Projesi"
  5. ↑ "Evliya Çelebi: VI. Cilt"
  6. ↑ "Sorular"
  7. ↑ "Sorular-Sosyal Bilimler-Tarih"
  8. ↑ "Villa Weidner"
  9. ↑ Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Şikago Başkonsolosluğu (Consulate General of Turkey, Chicago)
  10. ↑ Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Vaşington Büyükelçiliği (Turkish Embassy, Washington)
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