Papers by Guillaume Hulin
Située à une dizaine de kilomètres à l’ouest de Lisieux, l’abbaye du Val-Richer jouit d’une certa... more Située à une dizaine de kilomètres à l’ouest de Lisieux, l’abbaye du Val-Richer jouit d’une certaine réputation grâce aux grandes personnalités qui l’ont habitée durant les périodes moderne et contemporaine telles que Dominique Georges – abbé du monastère durant la fin du xviie s. – un des personnages clés de la réforme cistercienne (la Stricte observance), François Guizot – historien et ministre durant le deuxième quart du xixe s., acquéreur du monastère en 1836, ou encore les frères Schlumb..
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Near Surface Geophysics, 2018
The Val-Richer in Normandy is recognised as the place of origin of the resistivity method in appl... more The Val-Richer in Normandy is recognised as the place of origin of the resistivity method in applied geophysics. There, during the summer of 1912, Conrad Schlumberger tested for the first time a new method designed to map out the electrical resistivity of the sub-surface. A well-known, hand-drawn blueprint made by Conrad Schlumberger describes this experiment. It shows the voltage distribution observed at the ground surface together with a handwritten comment describing the difficulties encountered and the solutions retained. This test led the Schlumberger brothers to develop this type of prospection and to later create, first, an engineering office in 1920 and, then, companies among the largest international ones in the oil service industry. In 2014, 102 years after this founding experiment, a research project was initiated with the main objective to delineate the remains of the Val-Richer Abbey, which were destroyed during the French Revolution. A resistivity survey was conducted complemented by an electromagnetic survey over the area where the abbey's religious buildings were expected to be located, the same place where Conrad Schlumberger's measurements were carried out. The interpretation of the geophysical survey, in the light of archival sources and current knowledge of the Cistercian abbeys of Normandy, has completely altered our previous vision of the Val-Richer Abbey and made it possible to establish an accurate outline of this monastic settlement. The knowledge about sub-surface electrical resistivity authorises a renewed analysis of the 1912 blueprint and associated drawings and a new assessment of the solutions then adopted by Conrad Schlumberger, whose major idea was the injection of DC rather than AC current to avoid induction effects. leux et humide" (clayey and damp), which are favourable ground conditions for contact resistance between electrodes and soil.
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BSGF - Earth Sciences Bulletin
Dans le cadre de l’agrandissement du port de Dunkerque, plus de 170 hectares de la plaine maritim... more Dans le cadre de l’agrandissement du port de Dunkerque, plus de 170 hectares de la plaine maritime ont été explorés sur la future « Zone Grande Industrie », dans l’ancien estuaire de la Denna (ou Déna, ou L’Enna), sous-bassin du petite fleuve côtier Aa. Le diagnostic d’archéologie préventive classique par ouverture de tranchées a été accompagnée de recherches en archives, de prospections géophysiques, de levés géomorphologiques en sondages en puits (profonds de 3 m) et en coupes. L’intégration des études de nature différente permet d’aboutir à une compréhension du secteur meilleure que ne l’eût fait chaque discipline séparément. Les dépôts sont essentiellement des sables tidaux recoupés par des chenaux de marée. Les décimètres supérieurs sont parfois plus limoneux. Les mesures de conductivité apparente permettent de spatialiser les données lithostratigraphiques ponctuelles. Leur confrontation, ainsi que des indices venant du réseau parcellaire, permet la mise en évidence d’un bord o...
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ArchéoSciences, 2021
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ArchéoSciences
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ArchéoSciences, 2021
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Archimède. Archéologie et histoire ancienne
La méthode électromagnétique basse fréquence (ou EMI pour ElectroMagnetic Induction), située à la... more La méthode électromagnétique basse fréquence (ou EMI pour ElectroMagnetic Induction), située à la croisée des méthodes magnétique, électrique et radar, offre de nombreuses possibilités de développement mais subit également d’importantes contraintes techniques. Malgré des développements instrumentaux initiés dans les années 60, son utilisation a longtemps été limitée en archéologie à la cartographie de la conductivité électrique apparente et/ou de la susceptibilité magnétique soit sur des surfaces restreintes soit avec des stratégies à large maille. Depuis la fin des années 2000, du fait de leur application en science du sol, les méthodes EMI se sont plus largement diffusées. Les appareils mono-fréquence et mono-récepteur ont ouvert la voie à des appareils multi-récepteurs et multi-fréquences avec des perspectives très larges en termes de caractérisation spatiale 3D des structures cartographiées comme d’analyse des propriétés physiques des sols. Le développement de systèmes tractés e...
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Archimède. Archéologie et histoire ancienne
L'archéologie préventive en France repose sur deux phases d’étude distinctes que sont le diag... more L'archéologie préventive en France repose sur deux phases d’étude distinctes que sont le diagnostic et la fouille. L'intégration de la prospection géophysique dans ce processus reste, à ce jour, relativement limitée malgré un nombre important d'expériences visant à introduire ces techniques notamment en phase de diagnostic. Des tensions et malentendus sont apparus opposant l’utilisation de la géophysique à la réalisation des tranchées à la pelle mécanique pour l’évaluation du potentiel archéologique en contexte préventif. Ces points de discorde se concentrent autour de trois aspects que sont la fiabilité scientifique, le gain de temps et la rentabilité financière de la géophysique par rapport au diagnostic conventionnel. Malgré cela, au cours des dernières années, l'Inrap développe et met en œuvre des études géophysiques en prônant une utilisation raisonnée de ces techniques, c’est-à-dire uniquement lorsque l’on sait la géophysique particulièrement pertinente. Les pr...
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Revue archéologique de Picardie. Numéro spécial, 2011
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Adlfi Archeologie De La France Informations Une Revue Gallia, Mar 1, 2007
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Aquitania, 2018
Une agglomération secondaire gallo-romaine est attestée
depuis 2015 aux Olivoux, à Montignac-Lasc... more Une agglomération secondaire gallo-romaine est attestée
depuis 2015 aux Olivoux, à Montignac-Lascaux (NouvelleAquitaine). Le site et son environnement font l’objet d’opérations archéologiques préventives et programmées depuis
2005. L’objet de cet article est de proposer un point d’actualité
de la recherche en 2018.
A Gallo-Roman city is known since 2015 located in
Montignac-Lascaux (Nouvelle-Aquitaine), “Les Olivoux“.
The site and its surroundings have been studied by preventive
operations and research projects since 2005. The aim of this
article is to provide a topical issue of the research in 2018.
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Instrumentation portable, quels enjeux pour l'archéométrie?, 2019
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Meylemans E. & De Smedt P. (eds) 2019: De toepassing van geofysische prospectie methoden in de archeologie The use of geophysical prospection methods in archaeology, Onderzoeksrapporten agentschap Onroerend Erfgoed 118 ISSN 1371-4678, 2019
Samenvatting Het beleid rond preventieve archeologie in Frankrijk is reeds vele jaren goed ingebu... more Samenvatting Het beleid rond preventieve archeologie in Frankrijk is reeds vele jaren goed ingeburgerd. Als veldpraktijk wordt hierbij, net als in Vlaanderen, voornamelijk ingezet op proefsleuven om projectzones archeologisch te evalueren. Binnen de preventieve archeologie is het nationaal instituut voor erfgoedonderzoek (INRAP) met 2000 archeologische studies per jaar (ca. 1800 evaluaties en 200 opgravingen) de absolute koploper. De integratie van geofysische technieken bij zulk evaluatieonderzoek blijft, ondanks een lange traditie van (experimentele) toepassingen in de Franse archeologie, beperkt. Sinds kort brengt een meer systematische toepassing van geofysische methodes bij INRAP daarin verandering. Door vergelijkingen met proefsleuvenonderzoek, en het gebruik van geofysische prospectie voor en tijdens opgravingscampagnes, streeft INRAP naar een meer duurzame en beredeneerde implementatie van deze technieken. De voornaamste toepassingen zijn te groeperen in: de detectie van archeologische sporen; de prospectie en reconstructie van begraven landschappen; en de karakterisering van archeologische lagen in opgegraven oppervlakken. Hierbij staat telkens de combinatie van een kostenefficiënte en wetenschappelijk meer robuuste archeologische methodologie voorop. Om dit mogelijk te maken, werd recent bij INRAP een geofysisch team opgericht dat, met het oog op verdere uitbreiding, deze evolutie in goede banen leidt.
Summary
The policy and practice of preventive archaeology is well established in France. By far the main methodology applied is trial trenching surveying, both for prospection and evaluation. Within this preventive archaeology process in France most of the fieldwork is done by Inrap, the National Institute for Preventive Archaeology. The integration of geophysical prospection within this preventive process remains rather limited up to date, despite a fairly large number of experiments with these techniques. However, within the last few years Inrap is systematically applying geophysical surveys, although always with specific goals and research frameworks. The main goals within these survey projects are: the detection of archaeological features; palaeolandscape reconstructions; and the mapping and characterization of archaeological layers during excavations. A durable approach, regarding cost-efficiency and scientific robustness of the applied methods, is of high importance within this approach. To allow this, Inrap recently established a team for geophysical prospection.
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Near Surface Geophysics, 2015
The first experimental demonstration of the voltage distribution at ground surface achieved by C.... more The first experimental demonstration of the voltage distribution at ground surface achieved by C. Schlumberger in 1912 was in fact located over the remains of the ancient Val Richer Cistercian abbey. The electrical survey of these remains allowed the location of the ancient church and cloister. It also permitted the deeper ground resistivity to be known thus a better understanding of the 1912 results.
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Archaeological Prospection, 2018
Geophysical techniques are clearly beneficial for archaeology, but limits exist. A good knowledge... more Geophysical techniques are clearly beneficial for archaeology, but limits exist. A good knowledge of these limitations is important in order to estimate precisely the reliability of these remote sensing techniques. The Canal Seine‐Nord Europe project provides a good opportunity to compare geophysical results with those from trial trenching with a mechanical digger. In 2009, magnetic and resistivity surveys were undertaken over a surface of approximately 60 ha, independently of archaeological evaluation by trial trenching. Thirteen archaeological sites, mainly constituted in pits, post‐holes and ditches, were discovered in this area. Twelve of them were detected by trial trenching and only three by geophysical survey. This case study based on archaeological feedback shows that geophysics has to be used with caution for evaluation of this type of archaeological and pedological context (luvisols on decarbonated loess) very common for the north of France.
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Aquitania, 2016
À l'issue de dix années d'archéologie préventive sur le site des Olivoux, à Montignac (Dordogne, ... more À l'issue de dix années d'archéologie préventive sur le site des Olivoux, à Montignac (Dordogne, ALPC), un projet de recherche vient de naître, pour dresser un bilan des connaissances acquises et entériner de façon définitive l'identification du site comme une agglomération gallo-romaine d'origine gauloise. Cette année inaugurale a été couronnée de succès puisque par le biais d'une campagne de prospection magnétique, nous disposons désormais du plan d'une agglomération antique attestée archéologiquement en territoire pétrucore. Celle-ci est organisée autour d'axes secondaires dessinant une trame régulière. Des insulae, une aire artisanale et un sanctuaire s'y distinguent. AbstRAct Following ten years of preventive archaeology on the site of Olivoux, in Montignac (Dordogne, ALPC), a research project came out, to make a statement of acquired knowledge and to ratify in a final way the identification of the site as a Gallo-Roman urban area of Gallic origin. This inaugural year was successful since by the means of a magnetic prospection campaign, we now have the plan of a roman urban area attested archaeologically in Périgord. This one is organized around axes of roadway systems drawing a regular screen. Insulae, an artisanal surface and a sanctuary are distinguished there.
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Liée à l’aménagement du canal « Seine-Nord Europe », la fouille préventive, menée par l’Inrap à... more Liée à l’aménagement du canal « Seine-Nord Europe », la fouille préventive, menée par l’Inrap à Thourotte « La Motte » (60), a permis de renseigner d’un point de vue archéologique mais aussi paléoenvironnemental le secteur encore peu documenté de la moyenne vallée de l’Oise en amont de Compiègne. La reconnaissance géophysique et morphosédimentaire d’un paléochenal de l’Oise entaillant une montille a entrainé la mise en place d’une étude pluridisciplinaire : sédimentologie, archéologie, palynologie, xylologie, archéozoologie, dendrochronologie, radiocarbone. Si les études sédimentologiques ont permis d’avoir une vision de l’évolution de la plaine alluviale depuis la fin du dernier glaciaire, les autres approches ont surtout concerné le comblement organique du chenal. Celui-ci se déroule durant la première partie du Subboréal, entre environ 3600 et 2700 cal BC. L’environnement local apparait dominé par une aulnaie à la périphérie de laquelle se développe une chênaie. La sédimentation organique débute dans un contexte de reconquête forestière qui conduit à une densification de la couverture arborée. Vers 3000 cal BC, la ripisylve est défrichée et quelques parcelles sont cultivées. La nette rudéralisation des lieux indique leur fréquentation régulière, voire leur mise en pâture. Ces activités agro-pastorales sont probablement le fait de groupes humains de la fin du Néolithique récent / début du Néolithique final qui ont laissé quelques vestiges sur la montille et dans le chenal.
http://journals.openedition.org/quaternaire/8469
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ISAP Newsletter, 2017
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Papers by Guillaume Hulin
depuis 2015 aux Olivoux, à Montignac-Lascaux (NouvelleAquitaine). Le site et son environnement font l’objet d’opérations archéologiques préventives et programmées depuis
2005. L’objet de cet article est de proposer un point d’actualité
de la recherche en 2018.
A Gallo-Roman city is known since 2015 located in
Montignac-Lascaux (Nouvelle-Aquitaine), “Les Olivoux“.
The site and its surroundings have been studied by preventive
operations and research projects since 2005. The aim of this
article is to provide a topical issue of the research in 2018.
Summary
The policy and practice of preventive archaeology is well established in France. By far the main methodology applied is trial trenching surveying, both for prospection and evaluation. Within this preventive archaeology process in France most of the fieldwork is done by Inrap, the National Institute for Preventive Archaeology. The integration of geophysical prospection within this preventive process remains rather limited up to date, despite a fairly large number of experiments with these techniques. However, within the last few years Inrap is systematically applying geophysical surveys, although always with specific goals and research frameworks. The main goals within these survey projects are: the detection of archaeological features; palaeolandscape reconstructions; and the mapping and characterization of archaeological layers during excavations. A durable approach, regarding cost-efficiency and scientific robustness of the applied methods, is of high importance within this approach. To allow this, Inrap recently established a team for geophysical prospection.
http://journals.openedition.org/quaternaire/8469
depuis 2015 aux Olivoux, à Montignac-Lascaux (NouvelleAquitaine). Le site et son environnement font l’objet d’opérations archéologiques préventives et programmées depuis
2005. L’objet de cet article est de proposer un point d’actualité
de la recherche en 2018.
A Gallo-Roman city is known since 2015 located in
Montignac-Lascaux (Nouvelle-Aquitaine), “Les Olivoux“.
The site and its surroundings have been studied by preventive
operations and research projects since 2005. The aim of this
article is to provide a topical issue of the research in 2018.
Summary
The policy and practice of preventive archaeology is well established in France. By far the main methodology applied is trial trenching surveying, both for prospection and evaluation. Within this preventive archaeology process in France most of the fieldwork is done by Inrap, the National Institute for Preventive Archaeology. The integration of geophysical prospection within this preventive process remains rather limited up to date, despite a fairly large number of experiments with these techniques. However, within the last few years Inrap is systematically applying geophysical surveys, although always with specific goals and research frameworks. The main goals within these survey projects are: the detection of archaeological features; palaeolandscape reconstructions; and the mapping and characterization of archaeological layers during excavations. A durable approach, regarding cost-efficiency and scientific robustness of the applied methods, is of high importance within this approach. To allow this, Inrap recently established a team for geophysical prospection.
http://journals.openedition.org/quaternaire/8469
center of the archaeological process. With about 2000 archaeological studies carried out each year (1800 evaluations and 200
excavations), Inrap is the most renowned institute in France. In this context, the use of geophysics for archaeological evaluation
has been very contentious. Some attempts to substitute all or part of trial trenching by geophysics have been made and all ended in
failure. Indeed, if geophysics is seen as a step forward in most countries, in France, this technique is often seen as a step backwards
concerning the evaluation phase for development-led archaeology.
1066 EAA ABSTRACT BOOK 2018
Nonetheless, Inrap doesn’t wish to be deprived of this scientific tool. Compared to most countries which use geophysics mainly for
archaeological evaluation (often on large areas and without any prior information), the institute promotes a rational use of geophysics
on very specific case studies with clear scientific and/or technical issues. In most of the cases carried out by Inrap, geophysics
occurs after trial trenching or as a complementary tool for the excavation phase. Therefore, much archaeological and pedological
information is known and leads to a greatly improved geophysics efficiency. This results in several different uses, ranging from the
identification of site extension outside the excavated zone to the global integration of the site in its surrounding landscape or soil
studies on stripped areas.
In 2015, Inrap decided to develop this activity. At present, a team of 2 geophysicists with 18 technicians specialised in data acquisition
is fully operational. Using this well-reasoned approach, 86 geophysical surveys have been carried out since (41 of which were in
2017), and all the indicators show an expansion and a good integration of geophysics by archaeologists.
One of the particularities of this project has been to integrate geophysics during excavation and not during evaluation which is, currently, the most common use. Evaluation of the archaeological potential has been done by trial trenching on 10% of the area. This method, used in France since 90's, remains the best way to efficiently assess the archaeological impact.
In this project, scientific benefits of geophysics are particularly high because this tool has been used in a well-reasoned way only when archaeological issues have been well-defined. This approach is totally different from the current tendency which consists in extensive surveys on large areas but generally with relatively weak results compared to the cost.
Thus, geophysics, with integration into the global GIS of the project, has been used to answer to three different issues. The first one concerned the survey around excavations in order to precisely determine extent of the human occupation when the archaeological and pedological conditions are favourable. In this case, information brought by geophysics (magnetic or electric survey) offers a global view of the archaeological site in association with a good characterisation of remains. Without this archaeological characterisation (datation, preservation, function), a geophysical map has only a very limited scientific interest.
The second approach is more oriented to the integration of the archaeological site within its geomorphological context. That, generally, requires extending the survey on a wide surface due to the large-scale of entities which are looked for. In particular, this has been used with very high efficiency by electromagnetic survey on the OiseValley for the determination of the palaeolandscape linked to Mesolithic occupations.
Finally, the third approach is more original since the aim has been to bring some information about the excavated area directly after topsoil removal. By measurement of magnetic properties (total magnetic field, magnetic susceptibility or viscosity), it is possible to highlight some anthropogenic phenomena which are often very difficult to observe even totally invisible (magnetic ghosts concept). This approach has been used on several excavations and information for archaeologists has been particularly important.
Works done on the CSNE project point out the variety of issues that can be solved by geophysics which is clearly not limited to remains detection. These approaches, which are the fruit of inter-disciplinarity and integration of a geophysicist into an archaeological team working on preventive archaeology, open up interesting perspectives to refine archaeological assumptions.
Recently, in 2012 an archaeological diagnostic conducted at Waziers (North, France) before the building of a Do-it-Yourself
shop, led to the discovery of a peat layer at 3,2 metres deep in some test pits, overlying fluvial silts and sands. Complementary observations made in 2013 allowed to propose an Eemian age for the fluvial sequence. This interpretation relies on geomorphological and palaeontological observations: (1) the presence of loess covering the fluvial deposits and the peat, and (2) the occurrence of both Interglacial Pleistocene mammals (aurochs and red deer) and Pleistocene aquatic mollusc species (Belgrandia marginata, Anisus septemgyratus) that no longer exist in this area, in the fluvial deposits and in the peat. Moreover, a minimum age of 103 +3.5/-3.4 ka was obtained by U/Th dating of small CacO3 nodules (oogons of characeae) extracted from a fine grained tufa layer directly underlying the peat (GEOTOP Montreal). This result reinforces the allocation of the the Waziers interglacial sequence to the Eemian (a radiocarbon measurement undertaken earlier on the peat logically gave an age prior to 43 500 BP). The presence of lithic artefacts and aurochs bones with anthropic fractures lead to design an extended archaeological excavation in order to confirm the existence of a second site with Eemian human occupation in Northern France.
In 2013, a complete overview of the geomorphology of the valley has been carried out by geophysical research using two different methods. An EM31 connected to a GPS was used to record the mean electrical conductivity of soils (continuous, 4-6 m deep) and to obtain a map with the location of the Eemian channel. Two electric panels were made perpendicularly to the palaeochannel in order to observe the morphology of the valley and the fluvial deposits. Based on this information, a series of core drillings allowed to build five transects.
In 2014, during a first campaign, 41 m2 were excavated. The geomorphology of the site was investigated and continuous sampling columns of the stratigraphical sequence were undertaken for paleontological studies on mollusc, pollen and mammal assemblages (presently in progress). The palaeoenvironmental reconstruction will be completed by the study of the rich corpus of wood and other organic remains such as hazelnuts or insects preserved in the peat. Thanks to the discovery of some lithic artefacts and human activity traces on faunal remains (cut maks on beaver tibia, burnt bones, aurochs bones typical breakage patterns) found in situ in fluvial deposit, the presence of human occupation during the Eemian at Waziers has been definitively demonstrated. Datings (OSL) are in progress and a second field campaign will take place this summer.
First significant features and finds.
What’s up on the Western front since that discovery?
In 2013, an exceptional site allocated to the Eemian interglacial has been evidenced at Waziers in the Scarpe River valley, a tributary of the Escaut (Scheldt), during rescue archaeological test-pits. The alluvial sequence, investigated in the frame of a multidisciplinary team, is composed by a thick alluvial sequence (~ 2.5m) composed by organic silts and peat layers deposited in a large palaeo-meander of the Scarpe River. The whole is preserved by a loess sequence (± 3m). The correlation of the base of the sequence (silt and peats) with the Eemian is based on: i) the occurrence of mammals and molluscs assemblages typical for Pleistocene interglacials, ii) a first U/Th (TIMS) date on oogons of Characeae (minimum age: 103 +3.5/-3.4 ka), and iii) the occurrence of a typical Last Glacial (Weichselian) loess sequence overlying fluvial organic deposits.
Owing to the rarity of such sequences and of the importance of the flint artefacts discovered within the peat layers for archaeology, a multidisciplinary research program has been launched at Waziers in 2014. The aim of this poster is to present the main results from these new investigations and to highlight the unique potential of this site for both the reconstruction of Northern France Eemian palaeoenvironments and Middle Palaeolithic occupation. In the near future, the on-going investigations lead on the Waziers site will undoubtedly produce a main contribution to the knowledge of Neanderthal groups settlement dynamics throughout North-western Europe Great plains.
Résumé :
Dans les années 1990, les travaux de révision du cadre chronologique des occupations corrélées préalablement au SIM 5 de la chronologie marine ou même à un stade antérieur en Europe centrale et moyenne permirent définitivement d’asseoir la présence de Néandertaliens durant l’Eemien à l’Est du Rhin. Pour la partie Ouest du Rhin, il fallut attendre la (re)découverte du gisement de Caours dans la Somme au début des années 2000 pour pouvoir affirmer que l’homme de Néandertal parcourait les plaines septentrionales de la France à cette période. Quoi de nouveau depuis ?
Ni plus ni moins que la découverte en 2013 d’un gisement exceptionnel situé dans la vallée de la Scarpe, un affluent de l’Escault (Scheldt). La séquence stratigraphique mise au jour lors d’un diagnostic d’archéologie préventive livra une série de dépôts d’alluvions organiques limoneux puis tourbeux surmontés de dépôts lœssiques. L’attribution à l’Eemien de la base de la séquence (limons et tourbes) fut rapidement confirmée par la présence d’espèces de mammifères et de mollusques uniquement connues durant le Pléistocène en période interglaciaire, d’une date U/Th sur oogones de characées donnant un âge minimum de 103 +3.5/-3.4 ka, et de lœss de couverture weichséliens surmontant la séquance fluviatile.
Malgré la rareté de tels dépôts il était impossible de monter une opération d'archéologie préventive sur la zone et l'étude du site a été réalisée dans le cadre d'un projet de recherche programmée lancé en 2014. Ce poster montrera les principaux résultats obtenus et mettra en évidence la richesse paléoenvironnementale et le potentiel archéologique de ce gisement. Il exposera l'importance des apports que laissent entrevoir les premiers résultats d’analyses obtenus sur le gisement de Waziers à nos connaissances du paysage Eemien et des dynamiques de peuplement des groupes Néandertaliens des plaines et des vallées du Nord-Ouest de l’Europe.