This article is organized as a conceptual discussion in order to tackle the concept of deprojecti... more This article is organized as a conceptual discussion in order to tackle the concept of deprojectification and discuss future research agendas regarding this phenomenon.
The consequence of the widespread use of projects as the main method of implementation of the tas... more The consequence of the widespread use of projects as the main method of implementation of the tasks is called projectification. The phenomenon of projectification radically affects working conditions of people employed in all kind of organisations. Stress, high requirements, excessive control – all of these factors are experienced by employees engaged in project work. At the same time, career in project management is promoted as a promising profession of the future. To show the duality of project work conditions in the era of galloping projectification, I use two terms: projectocracy and projectariat. I understand projectocracy as aristocracy of project work. Projectocracy is therefore a group of people involved in project temporary work but enjoying privileges of a stable employment, in comparison to projectariat, which is a precarious group of project workers. In this article I present a dichotomous image of the project management profession. Therefore the goal of the paper is to critically rethink the notion of project working conditions.
The paper discusses the impact that extensive introduction of project management, that caused pro... more The paper discusses the impact that extensive introduction of project management, that caused projectifi cation of public sector, exerts on public organizations. Considerations apply to both the projectifi cation process, its essence, as well as the operation of projectifi ed public organizations including local government organizations. The authors draw attention to the fact that the initial enthusiasm and uncritical assessment of projects, as an antidote to the bureaucracy of the public sector, may be premature. Projectifi cation causes a number of changes that are not always positive and also further limit the activities of public organizations.
Książka podejmuje problematykę projektyzacji - rozumianej jako zjawisko polegające na instytucjon... more Książka podejmuje problematykę projektyzacji - rozumianej jako zjawisko polegające na instytucjonalizacji projektów na wszystkich poziomach struktur społecznych przez adaptację metod, języka i praktyk projektowych. Publikacja ta jest jedną z pierwszych na świecie prób opisu badanego zjawiska z perspektywy trzech poziomów jego badania - mikro, mezo i makro. Poprzez przyjęcie unikatowej perspektywy, Autorka w sposób kompleksowy i wyczerpujący przedstawia na czym polega zjawisko projektyzacji sektora publicznego w Polsce, w jaki sposób przebiegają procesy projektyzacyjne i jakie są ich rezultaty. Wpływ projektyzacji na polityki publiczne państwa, organizacje publiczne oraz pracowników sektora publicznego analizowany jest na tle szerszego kontekstu - tworzenie się społeczeństwa projektu oraz zmiany sposobu pracy ludzi. Nowatorski charakter ramy interpretacyjnej badań empirycznych z wykorzystaniem teorii neoinstytucjonalnej oraz koncepcji europeizacji pozwalają na pogłębienie zrozumienia procesów, jakie są obserwowane, ale ich geneza oraz przebieg nie zostały dotychczas naukowo poznane
Journal of Project, Program & Portfolio Management, 2013
This article contributes to the understanding of the changes that projectification — strongly rei... more This article contributes to the understanding of the changes that projectification — strongly reinforced by the European Union (EU) — causes in public labour market organisations in Poland. The introduction of project work to the hitherto hierarchical organisational structures found in public organisations influences them. There is, however, a research gap on how changes at the macro level affect individual public organisations and how these organisations change due to the introduction of project work into their structures. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate changes in Polish public labour market organisations caused by projectification. The author draws on a set of quantitative and qualitative data that include a survey conducted in 57 public local organisations as well as interviews conducted at 10 public offices at local and regional levels. A sequential mixed methods approach was used. The results indicate that projectification due to the EU caused changes in organisatio...
International Journal of Managing Projects in Business, 2019
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to understand how has the European Union (EU) funding influe... more Purpose The purpose of this paper is to understand how has the European Union (EU) funding influenced projectification of the Polish public sector. The projectification of the public sector is analysed in relation to three levels: mega (state level), macro (sector level) and mezo (organisation level). Hence, it is understood as a multidimensional phenomenon that permeates different social structures. The study also applies elements of neoinstitutional theory and Europeanisation concept to the research on projectification. Design/methodology/approach The research is based on the mixed methods approach. The adopted methods (document analysis, quantitative analysis and in-depth interviews) are both qualitative and quantitative in nature and were used sequentially to address the research question, while securing the triangulation of the data. Findings The Polish public sector was projectified as a result of the implementation of hundreds of thousands of projects co-financed by the EU, w...
International Journal of Managing Projects in Business
PurposeThe aim of the study was to illustrate how three different institutional logics, present i... more PurposeThe aim of the study was to illustrate how three different institutional logics, present in the implementation of action research, interact in a formalised project, in a traditional university setting.Design/methodology/approachThe article is empirical in nature and the research method used is an instrumental case study. The case was the implementation of action research within the framework of an educational project co-financed by EU funds, conducted in a Polish public university. The research process was conducted from September 2017 to November 2019. The following techniques were used: document analysis, in-depth interviews, participatory observation during the project. Constant comparative analysis was used as an analytical approach.FindingsThe study indicates that action research, project management and university management follow different “logics”. The dominant logic of action research is problem-solving, of project management is efficiency and of university managemen...
Projectification and Society. A necessary debate, 2023
This chapter aims to provide insight into the phenomenon of European Union projectification. The ... more This chapter aims to provide insight into the phenomenon of European Union projectification. The paper is conceptual in nature and draws on the results o several research projects conducted by the authors, who represent two disciplines - management and political sciences. In the article we first discuss what distinguishes EU projects from other projects. Thereafter we describe the projectification of the EU using an analytical framework based on three levels (micro, meso and macro). The chapter ends with a discussion on consequences of EU projectification and possible directions for future research on this phenomenon. Taking a general view of the findings, we believe that it is necessary to move beyond the depoliticising tendency of seeing EU projects as neutral tools and opening this area up to broader debates on the politics of projects.
Scientific Papers - Silesian University of Technology. Organization and Management, 2023
The purpose of this article is to discuss isomorphic mechanisms which accompany the process of pr... more The purpose of this article is to discuss isomorphic mechanisms which accompany the process of projectification in the Polish public sector. Design/methodology/approach: Research material used to develop this text was gathered during a comprehensive research project conducted between 2017 and 2020. The project utilized the instrumental case study method, focusing on the phenomenon of projectification within the Polish public sector. It employed a combination of quantitative and qualitative research techniques, such as document analysis, quantitative data analysis, and in-depth interviews. Findings: The study revealed that isomorphic mechanisms (coercive, mimetic, and normative), which lead to the projectification of the Polish public sector, appear at the macro level (sector), meso level (public organizations), and micro level (public sector employees) of the projectification research. Depending on the level of analysis of the phenomenon of projectification, different forms of isomorphic mechanisms dominate. At the macro level, which covers the entire sector and its public policies, coercive mechanisms played a central role. At the meso level, within organizations, both mimetic and coercive mechanisms proved crucial. Normative mechanisms, in turn, held prominence at the micro level, that is, among public sector employees. It is important to note that these mechanisms often intertwined and overlapped with each other. The article describes numerous examples of specific isomorphic mechanisms that manifest themselves in the studied organizational field. Research limitations/implications: The study examined a limited sample of public projects carried out in Poland and several public organizations. In the future, it would be worthwhile to consider a broader context, taking into consideration business and non-governmental organizations as well. This would facilitate a deeper reflection on those isomorphic mechanisms which support the projectification process within a broader scope. Practical implications: In practical terms, this study makes it possible to comprehend the mechanisms that drive the transfer of project knowledge and bring about organizational and structural transformations within the public sector. These mechanisms can aid practitioners in terms of deepening their reflection on seemingly unnoticed yet significant changes which take place in project-based organizations. Originality/value: The article presents a fresh perspective on the understanding of projectification processes based on isomorphic mechanisms.
International Journal of Managing Projects in Business, 2023
Purpose
The aim of the study was to illustrate how three different institutional logics, present ... more Purpose The aim of the study was to illustrate how three different institutional logics, present in the implementation of action research, interact in a formalised project, in a traditional university setting.
Design/methodology/approach The article is empirical in nature and the research method used is an instrumental case study. The case was the implementation of action research within the framework of an educational project co-financed by EU funds, conducted in a Polish public university. The research process was conducted from September 2017 to November 2019. The following techniques were used: document analysis, in-depth interviews, participatory observation during the project. Constant comparative analysis was used as an analytical approach.
Findings The study indicates that action research, project management and university management follow different “logics”. The dominant logic of action research is problem-solving, of project management is efficiency and of university management is compliance. These different logics and the relationship between them is explained in the paper.
Originality/value The research enriches the ongoing discussion on logic multiplicity and project management in a new context – that of the university environment and combines the issue of the implementation of action research with broader conversations on institutional logics.
International Journal of Managing Projects in Business, 2021
Purpose-The aim of this article is to give an overview of the development and current state of pr... more Purpose-The aim of this article is to give an overview of the development and current state of projectification research. The inquiry was driven by a threefold research question: How has projectification been understood and defined over time, what has the trajectory of the development been and what are the main trends and emerging ideas? Design/methodology/approach-The article is an integrative literature review of research done on the notion of projectification to date. An interdisciplinary, integrative literature review was conducted using Scopus and Web of Science as primary sources of data collection. The full data set consists of 123 journal articles, books, book chapters and conference contributions. With the data set complete, a thematic analysis was conducted. Findings-Among other things, the review outlines the development and scope of projectification research from 1995 until 2021 and discusses four emerging images of projectification: projectification as a managerial approach, projectification as a societal trend, projectification as a human state and projectification as a philosophical issue. These characteristics emphasize some common features of each of the images but also imply that the way projectification is understood changes depending on the paradigmatic perspective taken by the researcher, the time and place in which the observation was made and the level of observation. Originality/value-The authors have outlined and discussed four images of projectificationprojectification as a managerial approach, projectification as a societal trend, projectification as a human state and projectification as a philosophical issuewhere each image represents a special take on projectification with some prevalent characteristics. By doing this, the authors provide a systematic categorization of research to date and thus a basis upon which other researchers can build when furthering the understanding of projectification at large.
Research in Organizational Change and Development, 2022
In this chapter we discuss how, as a tool for organizational change, action research can affect t... more In this chapter we discuss how, as a tool for organizational change, action research can affect the development of cooperation between a traditional university and the external environment. The case analyzed was a two-year action research project carried out in cooperation with over 20 employers. This project was carried out at multiple levels and had several essential goals. Apart from its emancipatory role in the shift in the way students carry out their master's theses (toward application, implementation, where organizations become the research subject instead of the research object), the project's aim was to open up the university to cooperation with its environment and conduct useful research. The results indicate that action research through the democratization of the process of introducing changes and its bottom-up nature influences the development of real cooperation between the university and external organizations. Additionally, they contribute to the emancipation of university knowledge, its democratization, dehierarchization, as well as cocreation and sharing with cooperating organizations.
Celem niniejszego artykułu jest omówienie zagadnienia projektyzacji jako przedmiotu badań studiów... more Celem niniejszego artykułu jest omówienie zagadnienia projektyzacji jako przedmiotu badań studiów nad projektami. W tekście przedstawiono opis ewolucji badań nad projektami oraz główne założenia project studies. Ponadto zdefiniowano pojęcie projektyzacji, a także poddano analizie główne obszary badań nad tym zjawiskiem. Zaproponowano również nową typologię, rozszerzającą dotychczasowe poziomy badania projektyzacji o poziomy mega i meta, zwracając uwagę na skomplikowany i kompleksowy charakter analizowanego zagadnienia.
This study applies an action research to investigate the possibility of unsettling management edu... more This study applies an action research to investigate the possibility of unsettling management education and the entrepreneurial self from neoliberal logic. The reflection takes as its case an action research diploma seminar in a Polish management school based on collaboration among students, employers from public and nongovernmental sectors, and academic teachers in the preparation of master's theses. The main goal of this article is to illustrate the struggles involved in resisting neoliberal demands, including the ethical reorientation of the entrepreneurial self, in the management classroom. We conclude with a discussion of the emancipatory value of our project and its limitations.
Knowledge Management Practices in the Public Sector
This chapter aims at presenting the results of the research carried out as part of the action res... more This chapter aims at presenting the results of the research carried out as part of the action research project concerning knowledge management and knowledge sharing in a public institution. As a research subject, a public cultural institution in Poland was selected. The methods used during the implementation of the research include observations, interviews, questionnaire surveys, and document analysis. The chapter presents the course of the research process, a diagnosis of problems, and challenges of the institution under study as regards project knowledge management, analysis of results, and recommendations. The principal result of the study is the developed action plan that contains an overview description of the proposed change and suggestions for solutions for the diagnosed challenge. It also illustrated that action research is a research approach supporting project management processes in public organizations. The theoretical background for considerations undertaken in the work...
International Journal of Managing Projects in Business, Vol. 12 No. 2, pp. 298-324. , 2019
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to understand projectification processes of the global org... more Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to understand projectification processes of the global organization, based on the example of the Catholic Church’s activities. The Catholic Church is the oldest and the largest international organisation to be assessed also from the longue durée perspective. The Church as both a large and supranational organisation and a religious community has carried out a lot of social tasks. A part of its activity relating to the Church’s basic mission is carried out in these days in the form of various projects. In this paper, the authors demonstrate that seemingly unchanging structure, such as the Catholic Church, based on a determined hierarchy, strict principles and rules of conduct, is affected by the projectification processes. Design/methodology/approach
The authors chose the method of a single case study. To analyse the projectification processes in the Church, the authors focussed on flagship mega-events of WYD programme, from which the following were selected: Rome (1985), Manila (1995), Sydney (2008), Rio de Janeiro (2013) and Krakow (2016). Findings
The study demonstrates that organisational projectification processes can have a real impact on the strategic changes in the global organisation. Under the influence of significant projects, organisations can change internally and also redefine their way of interacting with the stakeholders. Projectification at the same time is a change and leads to it. The research also shows that projectification of a global organisation can intensify internal learning processes. On the one hand, “projectification agents” transfer project practices to various regions of the world, and, on the other, draw on local practices. Therefore, the projectification process is not simply transplanting the project “virus” into new places, but also a process of change and adaptation to the stimuli flowing from the environment. Originality/value
The particularities, the distinctiveness of the projects of the Catholic Church can be an inspiration for others realizing projects. The experience of the Catholic Church in the implementation of WYD can be valuable for organisations implementing other projects that require involvement and activation of many, diverse stakeholders, for example, charitable projects or the so-called community engagement projects implemented by large international organisations, such as the World Bank, UNICEF, the UN, the Red Cross or humanitarian projects organised by NGOs in different parts of the world.
This article is organized as a conceptual discussion in order to tackle the concept of deprojecti... more This article is organized as a conceptual discussion in order to tackle the concept of deprojectification and discuss future research agendas regarding this phenomenon.
The consequence of the widespread use of projects as the main method of implementation of the tas... more The consequence of the widespread use of projects as the main method of implementation of the tasks is called projectification. The phenomenon of projectification radically affects working conditions of people employed in all kind of organisations. Stress, high requirements, excessive control – all of these factors are experienced by employees engaged in project work. At the same time, career in project management is promoted as a promising profession of the future. To show the duality of project work conditions in the era of galloping projectification, I use two terms: projectocracy and projectariat. I understand projectocracy as aristocracy of project work. Projectocracy is therefore a group of people involved in project temporary work but enjoying privileges of a stable employment, in comparison to projectariat, which is a precarious group of project workers. In this article I present a dichotomous image of the project management profession. Therefore the goal of the paper is to critically rethink the notion of project working conditions.
The paper discusses the impact that extensive introduction of project management, that caused pro... more The paper discusses the impact that extensive introduction of project management, that caused projectifi cation of public sector, exerts on public organizations. Considerations apply to both the projectifi cation process, its essence, as well as the operation of projectifi ed public organizations including local government organizations. The authors draw attention to the fact that the initial enthusiasm and uncritical assessment of projects, as an antidote to the bureaucracy of the public sector, may be premature. Projectifi cation causes a number of changes that are not always positive and also further limit the activities of public organizations.
Książka podejmuje problematykę projektyzacji - rozumianej jako zjawisko polegające na instytucjon... more Książka podejmuje problematykę projektyzacji - rozumianej jako zjawisko polegające na instytucjonalizacji projektów na wszystkich poziomach struktur społecznych przez adaptację metod, języka i praktyk projektowych. Publikacja ta jest jedną z pierwszych na świecie prób opisu badanego zjawiska z perspektywy trzech poziomów jego badania - mikro, mezo i makro. Poprzez przyjęcie unikatowej perspektywy, Autorka w sposób kompleksowy i wyczerpujący przedstawia na czym polega zjawisko projektyzacji sektora publicznego w Polsce, w jaki sposób przebiegają procesy projektyzacyjne i jakie są ich rezultaty. Wpływ projektyzacji na polityki publiczne państwa, organizacje publiczne oraz pracowników sektora publicznego analizowany jest na tle szerszego kontekstu - tworzenie się społeczeństwa projektu oraz zmiany sposobu pracy ludzi. Nowatorski charakter ramy interpretacyjnej badań empirycznych z wykorzystaniem teorii neoinstytucjonalnej oraz koncepcji europeizacji pozwalają na pogłębienie zrozumienia procesów, jakie są obserwowane, ale ich geneza oraz przebieg nie zostały dotychczas naukowo poznane
Journal of Project, Program & Portfolio Management, 2013
This article contributes to the understanding of the changes that projectification — strongly rei... more This article contributes to the understanding of the changes that projectification — strongly reinforced by the European Union (EU) — causes in public labour market organisations in Poland. The introduction of project work to the hitherto hierarchical organisational structures found in public organisations influences them. There is, however, a research gap on how changes at the macro level affect individual public organisations and how these organisations change due to the introduction of project work into their structures. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate changes in Polish public labour market organisations caused by projectification. The author draws on a set of quantitative and qualitative data that include a survey conducted in 57 public local organisations as well as interviews conducted at 10 public offices at local and regional levels. A sequential mixed methods approach was used. The results indicate that projectification due to the EU caused changes in organisatio...
International Journal of Managing Projects in Business, 2019
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to understand how has the European Union (EU) funding influe... more Purpose The purpose of this paper is to understand how has the European Union (EU) funding influenced projectification of the Polish public sector. The projectification of the public sector is analysed in relation to three levels: mega (state level), macro (sector level) and mezo (organisation level). Hence, it is understood as a multidimensional phenomenon that permeates different social structures. The study also applies elements of neoinstitutional theory and Europeanisation concept to the research on projectification. Design/methodology/approach The research is based on the mixed methods approach. The adopted methods (document analysis, quantitative analysis and in-depth interviews) are both qualitative and quantitative in nature and were used sequentially to address the research question, while securing the triangulation of the data. Findings The Polish public sector was projectified as a result of the implementation of hundreds of thousands of projects co-financed by the EU, w...
International Journal of Managing Projects in Business
PurposeThe aim of the study was to illustrate how three different institutional logics, present i... more PurposeThe aim of the study was to illustrate how three different institutional logics, present in the implementation of action research, interact in a formalised project, in a traditional university setting.Design/methodology/approachThe article is empirical in nature and the research method used is an instrumental case study. The case was the implementation of action research within the framework of an educational project co-financed by EU funds, conducted in a Polish public university. The research process was conducted from September 2017 to November 2019. The following techniques were used: document analysis, in-depth interviews, participatory observation during the project. Constant comparative analysis was used as an analytical approach.FindingsThe study indicates that action research, project management and university management follow different “logics”. The dominant logic of action research is problem-solving, of project management is efficiency and of university managemen...
Projectification and Society. A necessary debate, 2023
This chapter aims to provide insight into the phenomenon of European Union projectification. The ... more This chapter aims to provide insight into the phenomenon of European Union projectification. The paper is conceptual in nature and draws on the results o several research projects conducted by the authors, who represent two disciplines - management and political sciences. In the article we first discuss what distinguishes EU projects from other projects. Thereafter we describe the projectification of the EU using an analytical framework based on three levels (micro, meso and macro). The chapter ends with a discussion on consequences of EU projectification and possible directions for future research on this phenomenon. Taking a general view of the findings, we believe that it is necessary to move beyond the depoliticising tendency of seeing EU projects as neutral tools and opening this area up to broader debates on the politics of projects.
Scientific Papers - Silesian University of Technology. Organization and Management, 2023
The purpose of this article is to discuss isomorphic mechanisms which accompany the process of pr... more The purpose of this article is to discuss isomorphic mechanisms which accompany the process of projectification in the Polish public sector. Design/methodology/approach: Research material used to develop this text was gathered during a comprehensive research project conducted between 2017 and 2020. The project utilized the instrumental case study method, focusing on the phenomenon of projectification within the Polish public sector. It employed a combination of quantitative and qualitative research techniques, such as document analysis, quantitative data analysis, and in-depth interviews. Findings: The study revealed that isomorphic mechanisms (coercive, mimetic, and normative), which lead to the projectification of the Polish public sector, appear at the macro level (sector), meso level (public organizations), and micro level (public sector employees) of the projectification research. Depending on the level of analysis of the phenomenon of projectification, different forms of isomorphic mechanisms dominate. At the macro level, which covers the entire sector and its public policies, coercive mechanisms played a central role. At the meso level, within organizations, both mimetic and coercive mechanisms proved crucial. Normative mechanisms, in turn, held prominence at the micro level, that is, among public sector employees. It is important to note that these mechanisms often intertwined and overlapped with each other. The article describes numerous examples of specific isomorphic mechanisms that manifest themselves in the studied organizational field. Research limitations/implications: The study examined a limited sample of public projects carried out in Poland and several public organizations. In the future, it would be worthwhile to consider a broader context, taking into consideration business and non-governmental organizations as well. This would facilitate a deeper reflection on those isomorphic mechanisms which support the projectification process within a broader scope. Practical implications: In practical terms, this study makes it possible to comprehend the mechanisms that drive the transfer of project knowledge and bring about organizational and structural transformations within the public sector. These mechanisms can aid practitioners in terms of deepening their reflection on seemingly unnoticed yet significant changes which take place in project-based organizations. Originality/value: The article presents a fresh perspective on the understanding of projectification processes based on isomorphic mechanisms.
International Journal of Managing Projects in Business, 2023
Purpose
The aim of the study was to illustrate how three different institutional logics, present ... more Purpose The aim of the study was to illustrate how three different institutional logics, present in the implementation of action research, interact in a formalised project, in a traditional university setting.
Design/methodology/approach The article is empirical in nature and the research method used is an instrumental case study. The case was the implementation of action research within the framework of an educational project co-financed by EU funds, conducted in a Polish public university. The research process was conducted from September 2017 to November 2019. The following techniques were used: document analysis, in-depth interviews, participatory observation during the project. Constant comparative analysis was used as an analytical approach.
Findings The study indicates that action research, project management and university management follow different “logics”. The dominant logic of action research is problem-solving, of project management is efficiency and of university management is compliance. These different logics and the relationship between them is explained in the paper.
Originality/value The research enriches the ongoing discussion on logic multiplicity and project management in a new context – that of the university environment and combines the issue of the implementation of action research with broader conversations on institutional logics.
International Journal of Managing Projects in Business, 2021
Purpose-The aim of this article is to give an overview of the development and current state of pr... more Purpose-The aim of this article is to give an overview of the development and current state of projectification research. The inquiry was driven by a threefold research question: How has projectification been understood and defined over time, what has the trajectory of the development been and what are the main trends and emerging ideas? Design/methodology/approach-The article is an integrative literature review of research done on the notion of projectification to date. An interdisciplinary, integrative literature review was conducted using Scopus and Web of Science as primary sources of data collection. The full data set consists of 123 journal articles, books, book chapters and conference contributions. With the data set complete, a thematic analysis was conducted. Findings-Among other things, the review outlines the development and scope of projectification research from 1995 until 2021 and discusses four emerging images of projectification: projectification as a managerial approach, projectification as a societal trend, projectification as a human state and projectification as a philosophical issue. These characteristics emphasize some common features of each of the images but also imply that the way projectification is understood changes depending on the paradigmatic perspective taken by the researcher, the time and place in which the observation was made and the level of observation. Originality/value-The authors have outlined and discussed four images of projectificationprojectification as a managerial approach, projectification as a societal trend, projectification as a human state and projectification as a philosophical issuewhere each image represents a special take on projectification with some prevalent characteristics. By doing this, the authors provide a systematic categorization of research to date and thus a basis upon which other researchers can build when furthering the understanding of projectification at large.
Research in Organizational Change and Development, 2022
In this chapter we discuss how, as a tool for organizational change, action research can affect t... more In this chapter we discuss how, as a tool for organizational change, action research can affect the development of cooperation between a traditional university and the external environment. The case analyzed was a two-year action research project carried out in cooperation with over 20 employers. This project was carried out at multiple levels and had several essential goals. Apart from its emancipatory role in the shift in the way students carry out their master's theses (toward application, implementation, where organizations become the research subject instead of the research object), the project's aim was to open up the university to cooperation with its environment and conduct useful research. The results indicate that action research through the democratization of the process of introducing changes and its bottom-up nature influences the development of real cooperation between the university and external organizations. Additionally, they contribute to the emancipation of university knowledge, its democratization, dehierarchization, as well as cocreation and sharing with cooperating organizations.
Celem niniejszego artykułu jest omówienie zagadnienia projektyzacji jako przedmiotu badań studiów... more Celem niniejszego artykułu jest omówienie zagadnienia projektyzacji jako przedmiotu badań studiów nad projektami. W tekście przedstawiono opis ewolucji badań nad projektami oraz główne założenia project studies. Ponadto zdefiniowano pojęcie projektyzacji, a także poddano analizie główne obszary badań nad tym zjawiskiem. Zaproponowano również nową typologię, rozszerzającą dotychczasowe poziomy badania projektyzacji o poziomy mega i meta, zwracając uwagę na skomplikowany i kompleksowy charakter analizowanego zagadnienia.
This study applies an action research to investigate the possibility of unsettling management edu... more This study applies an action research to investigate the possibility of unsettling management education and the entrepreneurial self from neoliberal logic. The reflection takes as its case an action research diploma seminar in a Polish management school based on collaboration among students, employers from public and nongovernmental sectors, and academic teachers in the preparation of master's theses. The main goal of this article is to illustrate the struggles involved in resisting neoliberal demands, including the ethical reorientation of the entrepreneurial self, in the management classroom. We conclude with a discussion of the emancipatory value of our project and its limitations.
Knowledge Management Practices in the Public Sector
This chapter aims at presenting the results of the research carried out as part of the action res... more This chapter aims at presenting the results of the research carried out as part of the action research project concerning knowledge management and knowledge sharing in a public institution. As a research subject, a public cultural institution in Poland was selected. The methods used during the implementation of the research include observations, interviews, questionnaire surveys, and document analysis. The chapter presents the course of the research process, a diagnosis of problems, and challenges of the institution under study as regards project knowledge management, analysis of results, and recommendations. The principal result of the study is the developed action plan that contains an overview description of the proposed change and suggestions for solutions for the diagnosed challenge. It also illustrated that action research is a research approach supporting project management processes in public organizations. The theoretical background for considerations undertaken in the work...
International Journal of Managing Projects in Business, Vol. 12 No. 2, pp. 298-324. , 2019
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to understand projectification processes of the global org... more Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to understand projectification processes of the global organization, based on the example of the Catholic Church’s activities. The Catholic Church is the oldest and the largest international organisation to be assessed also from the longue durée perspective. The Church as both a large and supranational organisation and a religious community has carried out a lot of social tasks. A part of its activity relating to the Church’s basic mission is carried out in these days in the form of various projects. In this paper, the authors demonstrate that seemingly unchanging structure, such as the Catholic Church, based on a determined hierarchy, strict principles and rules of conduct, is affected by the projectification processes. Design/methodology/approach
The authors chose the method of a single case study. To analyse the projectification processes in the Church, the authors focussed on flagship mega-events of WYD programme, from which the following were selected: Rome (1985), Manila (1995), Sydney (2008), Rio de Janeiro (2013) and Krakow (2016). Findings
The study demonstrates that organisational projectification processes can have a real impact on the strategic changes in the global organisation. Under the influence of significant projects, organisations can change internally and also redefine their way of interacting with the stakeholders. Projectification at the same time is a change and leads to it. The research also shows that projectification of a global organisation can intensify internal learning processes. On the one hand, “projectification agents” transfer project practices to various regions of the world, and, on the other, draw on local practices. Therefore, the projectification process is not simply transplanting the project “virus” into new places, but also a process of change and adaptation to the stimuli flowing from the environment. Originality/value
The particularities, the distinctiveness of the projects of the Catholic Church can be an inspiration for others realizing projects. The experience of the Catholic Church in the implementation of WYD can be valuable for organisations implementing other projects that require involvement and activation of many, diverse stakeholders, for example, charitable projects or the so-called community engagement projects implemented by large international organisations, such as the World Bank, UNICEF, the UN, the Red Cross or humanitarian projects organised by NGOs in different parts of the world.
Książka podejmuje problematykę projektyzacji - rozumianej jako zjawisko polegające na instytucjon... more Książka podejmuje problematykę projektyzacji - rozumianej jako zjawisko polegające na instytucjonalizacji projektów na wszystkich poziomach struktur społecznych przez adaptację metod, języka i praktyk projektowych. Publikacja ta jest jedną z pierwszych na świecie prób opisu badanego zjawiska z perspektywy trzech poziomów jego badania – mikro, mezo i makro. Poprzez przyjęcie unikatowej perspektywy, Autorka w sposób kompleksowy i wyczerpujący przedstawia na czym polega zjawisko projektyzacji sektora publicznego w Polsce, w jaki sposób przebiegają procesy projektyzacyjne i jakie są ich rezultaty.
Wpływ projektyzacji na polityki publiczne państwa, organizacje publiczne oraz pracowników sektora publicznego analizowany jest na tle szerszego kontekstu - tworzenie się społeczeństwa projektu oraz zmiany sposobu pracy ludzi. Nowatorski charakter ramy interpretacyjnej badań empirycznych z wykorzystaniem teorii neoinstytucjonalnej oraz koncepcji europeizacji pozwola na pogłębienie zrozumienia procesów, jakie są obserwowane, ale ich geneza oraz przebieg nie zostały dotychczas naukowo poznane.
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, Kraków, 2019
Badania w działaniu. Książka dla kształcących się w naukach społecznych to cenna pozycja, w k... more Badania w działaniu. Książka dla kształcących się w naukach społecznych to cenna pozycja, w której opisano doświadczenia studentów piszących prace magisterskie na Wydziale Zarządzania i Komunikacji Społecznej Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego. Opracowanie w udany sposób ukazuje, jak poprzez wykorzystanie badań w działaniu można inaczej zorganizować proces pisania pracy dyplomowej przez studenta. Monografia podejmuje próbę opisu zastosowania action research w przygotowaniu pracy projektowej i utylitarnej, co pozwala zarówno na rozwijanie kompetencji badawczych studentów, jak i podnoszenie ich świadomości o otaczającej rzeczywistości organizacyjnej. Książka w zupełnie nowy sposób przedstawia formę przygotowywania pracy magisterskiej, której pisanie oparte jest na bieżącej współpracy nie tylko z promotorem, lecz także z przedsiębiorstwem, dla którego praca jest praktycznym, projektowym rozwiązaniem konkretnego problemu organizacyjnego. Co więcej, rozwiązanie problemu nie kończy procesu, ale jest elementem dłuższej i ustawicznej współpracy przy uczeniu się wszystkich stron tego procesu. Z recenzji prof. dr. hab. Wojciecha Dyducha
In this publication RPL solutions in higher education in various European countries have been pre... more In this publication RPL solutions in higher education in various European countries have been presented, including the analysis of two of the countries currently implementing these systems: Poland and Croatia. Organizations from both mentioned countries – Jagiellonian University and Institut za razvoj obrazovanja (IDE) – together with Edinburgh Napier University (ENU) and Université Paris-Est Créteil Val de Marne (UPEC) have implemented project “University Recognition of Prior Learning Centres – Bridging Higher Education with Vocational Education and Training”. Within the framework of this project transfer of innovation (RPL procedures and solutions) from ENU to the Jagiellonian University and IDE, under the supervision of experts from UPEC was conducted. This book is one of the outcomes of the project and together with prepared and tested RPL procedures and solutions is intended to support development of RPL.
This book deals with the project portfolio management (PPM) concept and its functions. The book b... more This book deals with the project portfolio management (PPM) concept and its functions. The book begins by explaining project, program and portfolio management principles. This introduction is followed by an attempt to transfer portfolio management concepts to the ground of public sector organizations. The author refers to the very rich, international, current literature in this field, broadly discusses and consolidates the presented ideas and the latest research results. The author of the book sets out also important recommendations for project management practitioners in the public sector organizations based on results of mixed-method research study conducted in Polish labour market organizations.
Projects provide opportunities for combining various types of knowledge bases and expertise. Shar... more Projects provide opportunities for combining various types of knowledge bases and expertise. Sharing knowledge and best practices through projects can improve an organization's ability to make the learning organizational, and become a learning organization. Earlier research studies show that, though the positive effects of knowledge sharing are recognized, it is still challenging to implement inter-project knowledge sharing and harvest the desired benefits from it. There is increasing focus on leveraging learning and reusing knowledge across projects. The need to focus on learning and knowledge sharing is important for organizations in the public sector too. Several researchers indicate that progression of projectification of public policies, public organizations, and individuals working in public sphere has an impact on actions undertaken for delivery of public services. As social, economic, political and technological changes happen in a faster pace, there is a need for public sector organizations to become more effective and efficient in order to deal successfully with the changes and address the emerging challenges timely. The focus of this paper is on inter-project learning processes in public organizations. This paper is based on a brief literature study and a case study of two public organizations, concerning public sector project management and project knowledge management. The research question that we ask is: What characterizes processes of inter-project knowledge sharing in public organizations? The research is of preliminary character. It is our first attempt to address the issue of inter-project learning in public organizations in our collaborative endeavor – collaboration between researchers from Poland and Norway. Therefore, we illustrate our deliberations with limited data – a case study of two public organizations: Trondheim Municipality (Norway) and Municipality of Kraków (Poland).
Keywords: Projectification, Inter-project learning, Public organizations, Knowledge sharing
In this paper we analyze the most visible features of leadership in Poland from the perspective o... more In this paper we analyze the most visible features of leadership in Poland from the perspective of management discourse and practice.
Projektyzacja jest efektem szerokiego wykorzystywania projektów we wszystkich dziedzinach życia. ... more Projektyzacja jest efektem szerokiego wykorzystywania projektów we wszystkich dziedzinach życia. Projektyzacja wpływa na warunki pracy osób zaangażowanych w pracę projektową, aczkolwiek, jak pokazują badania, wpływ ten nie jest jednorodny. Celem artykułu jest prezentacja różnorodnego obrazu warunków pracy w projektach. W celu wyjaśnienia wpływu projektyzacji na warunki pracy ludzi zaangażowanych w pracę projektową, używam dwóch pojęć: projektokraci oraz projektariusze. Projektokratów definiuję jako "arystokrację" pracy projektowej – pracowników włączonych w tymczasowe struktury projektowe, ale jednocześnie cieszących się wszystkimi przywilejami wynikającymi ze stabilnego zatrudnienia. Przeciwieństwem projektokratów są projektariusze (Szreder, 2016), stanowiący grupę prekaryjnych pracowników projektów. W niniejszym artykule, w duchu Krytycznych Studiów nad Projektami (ang. Critical Project Studies), omawiam nie tylko korzyści płynące z pracy projektowej, nazywanej profesją XXI wieku, ale także niebezpieczne warunki pracy, jakie mogą powstawać w pracy nad projektami. Słowa kluczowe: projektyzacja, projektokraci, projektariusze, warunki pracy, Krytyczne Studia nad Projektami
Handbook of Research on Emerging Business Models and Managerial Strategies in the Nonprofit Sector, 2017
The NGO sector in Poland is growing. There are nearly one hundred thousand foundations and associ... more The NGO sector in Poland is growing. There are nearly one hundred thousand foundations and associations (100,000), two hundred thousand other organizational forms, including semi-formal, large groups and Catholic organizations (200,000). Despite the increase in number of NGOs in the last 26 years of transformation of the country, Polish NGOs still face many difficulties. In particular the lack of permanent funding for activities, a strong focus on project work, lack of funds for hiring full-time employees, as well as a common distrust of society, resulting from disclosure of unethical and illegal practices of some NGOs. The most important feature of Polish NGOs is their not for profit character, hence the interchangeable use of two terms: non-governmental and non-profit. However, taking into considerations diverse conditions of formation and nomenclature of third sector organizations, the term NGO used in this chapter is similar in its meaning to the concept of non-profit organization described by Salamon and Anheier (1999). Many NGOs implement large projects and contributes to building and developing a strong and credible third sector in Poland.
Project management is a widely used business management concept used in NGOs globally and regardless of the type of activities that are managed (Khang & Moe, 2008; Golini, Kalchschmidt, Landoni, 2015). It is not a new approach to the implementation of tasks in organizations in general – dating back to the construction of the Egyptian pyramids and Roman aqueducts. Traditional project management was focused on the management of a single project in a single location. However, the 1990’s technological change, the globalization process and the different needs of customers projected project management into new forms (Kloppenborg & Opfer 2002). In the field of project management, three main areas have been identified (tactical, operational, strategic) and particularly, project management, program management and project portfolio management have increasingly attracted attention. One important differentiating point as pointed out by Jugdey (2003) is that program management and project portfolios concern the management of groups of individual projects and differ from managing a single project (Jugdev, 2003). This is an important distinction in understanding project portfolio management in non-government organizations, which is the main objective of this discussion.
Although project management has been traditionally used in NGO’s globally, Project Portfolio Management (PPM) is a relatively new practice for the majority of non-government organisations, and particularly so in Poland. PPM is important in the areas of management and education of third sector practitioners. However, project portfolio management, corporate management tools are usually used in the business sector with very little research undertaken in the non-government sectors. This chapter fills that research gap by identifying and analysis of project portfolio management practices in non-governmental organizations.
Following the introduction, the concept of projectification provides an overview of the conceptualisation of project portfolio management and its application in non-government organizations. This is followed by a discussion on project portfolio management, stages of project portfolio management and project portfolio management in non-government organizations. The chapter concludes with the importance of project portfolio management in non-government organizations and provides future research recommendations. source: http://www.igi-global.com/chapter/project-portfolio-management/180791
International Business Strategy and Entrepreneurship: An Information Technology Perspective, 2014
Poor project management in IT companies, strong industry competition, and small firm fragility ar... more Poor project management in IT companies, strong industry competition, and small firm fragility are some of the most often cited arguments to justify business failure. This chapter provides an integrated view of concepts involved in information technology project management in university spin-off companies. It includes a presentation of a success story of an IT university spin-off, which from the very beginning of its activity focused mainly on project management processes. The chapter explains how university spin-off organizational structure influences the project management process and discusses important methods and approaches that can determine IT spin-off successes.
Przedstawione w rozdziale przykłady dotyczą praktyk zarządzania projektami w polskich organizacja... more Przedstawione w rozdziale przykłady dotyczą praktyk zarządzania projektami w polskich organizacjach publicznych. Analizowane przypadki to w większości niewielki fragment materiału jaki zebrałam podczas szerszych, dwuletnich badań nad zarządzaniem projektami publicznymi w Polsce . Badania te zostały przeprowadzone dwuetapowo, jako studium przypadku (Eisenhardt, 1989), przy wykorzystaniu mieszanych metod badawczych (Mixed Method Research) (Creswell, 2009; Cameron i Miller, 2007), a przyświecającą im filozofią badawczą było podejście pragmatyczne. Goles i Hirscheim (2000, str. 262) metaforycznie porównując ze sobą podejście pozytywistyczne, pragmatyczne i interpretatywne piszą iż: „pozytywizm można przedstawić jako orkiestrę, gdzie jest jeden wspólny wynik z jasno określonymi rolami dla każdego z muzyków. Anty-pozytywizm może być postrzegany jako wykonawca występujący solo, mogący dowolnie wybierać i interpretować temat muzyczny zgodnie z własnymi preferencjami. Pragmatyzm to jazzowe ensamble, gdzie każdy z muzyków posiada wolność, w ramach ogólnie zarysowanego programu”. Pragmatyzm pozwolił mi, w moim mniemaniu, jako badaczowi uwolnić się od ograniczeń nałożonych przez „wymuszoną dychotomię wyboru pomiędzy postpozytywizmem a konstruktywizmem” (Feilzer, 2010). Badania, na które powołuję się w niniejszym rozdziale, zrealizowane zostały w ramach drugiego etapu mojego projektu badawczego – badań jakościowych, przeprowadzonych w 11 publicznych instytucjach rynku pracy na szczeblu regionalnym i lokalnym. Badania zrealizowałam w oparciu o wywiady pogłębione, które przeprowadziłam z kierownikami biur projektów oraz kadrą zarządzającą badanych instytucji. Zastosowałam standaryzowane nieustrukturalizowane wywiady (Kostera, 2003, s.121), które poprowadziłam w oparciu o scenariusz wywiadu. Wywiady te zawierały niewielką ilość pytań zamkniętych, zdecydowanie przeważały pytania otwarte. Układ pytań w scenariuszu wywiadu nawiązywał do postawionych pytań badawczych. Niejednokrotnie zdarzały się wywiady, kiedy badani szczególnie rozwijali jakiś wątek, zagadnienie. Przeprowadzając wywiady pozwalałam rozmówcom na pogłębianie szczególnie interesujących, ważnych z ich punktu widzenia kwestii. Wywiady, mimo iż przebiegały według określonego scenariusza, przyjęły charakter wywiadów eksploracyjnych (a nie testujących hipotezy). Ponadto, w rozdziale przywołuję również dwa przykłady („Miejska legenda o bibliofilu” oraz „I nie rozliczę cię, nawet po śmierci”), które bazują na wywiadzie na potrzeby innego projektu badawczego, jaki przeprowadziłam z menedżerem dużej organizacji pozarządowej, zajmującej się m.in. realizacją projektów na rzecz sektora publicznego Wywiad ten przyjął formę wywiadu niestandaryzowanego i nieustrukturalizowanego, gdyż jego intencją nie było potwierdzenie żadnej hipotezy, a próba zrozumienia wpływu reguł projektowych na realizację przedsięwzięć w sektorze publicznym (por. Kostera, 2003, s.122).
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Papers by Beata Jałocha
The chapter ends with a discussion on consequences of EU projectification and possible directions for future research on this phenomenon. Taking a general view of the findings, we believe that it is necessary to move beyond the depoliticising tendency of seeing EU projects as neutral tools and opening this area up to broader debates on the politics of projects.
The aim of the study was to illustrate how three different institutional logics, present in the implementation of action research, interact in a formalised project, in a traditional university setting.
Design/methodology/approach
The article is empirical in nature and the research method used is an instrumental case study. The case was the implementation of action research within the framework of an educational project co-financed by EU funds, conducted in a Polish public university. The research process was conducted from September 2017 to November 2019. The following techniques were used: document analysis, in-depth interviews, participatory observation during the project. Constant comparative analysis was used as an analytical approach.
Findings
The study indicates that action research, project management and university management follow different “logics”. The dominant logic of action research is problem-solving, of project management is efficiency and of university management is compliance. These different logics and the relationship between them is explained in the paper.
Originality/value
The research enriches the ongoing discussion on logic multiplicity and project management in a new context – that of the university environment and combines the issue of the implementation of action research with broader conversations on institutional logics.
The purpose of this paper is to understand projectification processes of the global organization, based on the example of the Catholic Church’s activities. The Catholic Church is the oldest and the largest international organisation to be assessed also from the longue durée perspective. The Church as both a large and supranational organisation and a religious community has carried out a lot of social tasks. A part of its activity relating to the Church’s basic mission is carried out in these days in the form of various projects. In this paper, the authors demonstrate that seemingly unchanging structure, such as the Catholic Church, based on a determined hierarchy, strict principles and rules of conduct, is affected by the projectification processes.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors chose the method of a single case study. To analyse the projectification processes in the Church, the authors focussed on flagship mega-events of WYD programme, from which the following were selected: Rome (1985), Manila (1995), Sydney (2008), Rio de Janeiro (2013) and Krakow (2016).
Findings
The study demonstrates that organisational projectification processes can have a real impact on the strategic changes in the global organisation. Under the influence of significant projects, organisations can change internally and also redefine their way of interacting with the stakeholders. Projectification at the same time is a change and leads to it. The research also shows that projectification of a global organisation can intensify internal learning processes. On the one hand, “projectification agents” transfer project practices to various regions of the world, and, on the other, draw on local practices. Therefore, the projectification process is not simply transplanting the project “virus” into new places, but also a process of change and adaptation to the stimuli flowing from the environment.
Originality/value
The particularities, the distinctiveness of the projects of the Catholic Church can be an inspiration for others realizing projects. The experience of the Catholic Church in the implementation of WYD can be valuable for organisations implementing other projects that require involvement and activation of many, diverse stakeholders, for example, charitable projects or the so-called community engagement projects implemented by large international organisations, such as the World Bank, UNICEF, the UN, the Red Cross or humanitarian projects organised by NGOs in different parts of the world.
The chapter ends with a discussion on consequences of EU projectification and possible directions for future research on this phenomenon. Taking a general view of the findings, we believe that it is necessary to move beyond the depoliticising tendency of seeing EU projects as neutral tools and opening this area up to broader debates on the politics of projects.
The aim of the study was to illustrate how three different institutional logics, present in the implementation of action research, interact in a formalised project, in a traditional university setting.
Design/methodology/approach
The article is empirical in nature and the research method used is an instrumental case study. The case was the implementation of action research within the framework of an educational project co-financed by EU funds, conducted in a Polish public university. The research process was conducted from September 2017 to November 2019. The following techniques were used: document analysis, in-depth interviews, participatory observation during the project. Constant comparative analysis was used as an analytical approach.
Findings
The study indicates that action research, project management and university management follow different “logics”. The dominant logic of action research is problem-solving, of project management is efficiency and of university management is compliance. These different logics and the relationship between them is explained in the paper.
Originality/value
The research enriches the ongoing discussion on logic multiplicity and project management in a new context – that of the university environment and combines the issue of the implementation of action research with broader conversations on institutional logics.
The purpose of this paper is to understand projectification processes of the global organization, based on the example of the Catholic Church’s activities. The Catholic Church is the oldest and the largest international organisation to be assessed also from the longue durée perspective. The Church as both a large and supranational organisation and a religious community has carried out a lot of social tasks. A part of its activity relating to the Church’s basic mission is carried out in these days in the form of various projects. In this paper, the authors demonstrate that seemingly unchanging structure, such as the Catholic Church, based on a determined hierarchy, strict principles and rules of conduct, is affected by the projectification processes.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors chose the method of a single case study. To analyse the projectification processes in the Church, the authors focussed on flagship mega-events of WYD programme, from which the following were selected: Rome (1985), Manila (1995), Sydney (2008), Rio de Janeiro (2013) and Krakow (2016).
Findings
The study demonstrates that organisational projectification processes can have a real impact on the strategic changes in the global organisation. Under the influence of significant projects, organisations can change internally and also redefine their way of interacting with the stakeholders. Projectification at the same time is a change and leads to it. The research also shows that projectification of a global organisation can intensify internal learning processes. On the one hand, “projectification agents” transfer project practices to various regions of the world, and, on the other, draw on local practices. Therefore, the projectification process is not simply transplanting the project “virus” into new places, but also a process of change and adaptation to the stimuli flowing from the environment.
Originality/value
The particularities, the distinctiveness of the projects of the Catholic Church can be an inspiration for others realizing projects. The experience of the Catholic Church in the implementation of WYD can be valuable for organisations implementing other projects that require involvement and activation of many, diverse stakeholders, for example, charitable projects or the so-called community engagement projects implemented by large international organisations, such as the World Bank, UNICEF, the UN, the Red Cross or humanitarian projects organised by NGOs in different parts of the world.
Wpływ projektyzacji na polityki publiczne państwa, organizacje publiczne oraz pracowników sektora publicznego analizowany jest na tle szerszego kontekstu - tworzenie się społeczeństwa projektu oraz zmiany sposobu pracy ludzi. Nowatorski charakter ramy interpretacyjnej badań empirycznych z wykorzystaniem teorii neoinstytucjonalnej oraz koncepcji europeizacji pozwola na pogłębienie zrozumienia procesów, jakie są obserwowane, ale ich geneza oraz przebieg nie zostały dotychczas naukowo poznane.
Z recenzji prof. dr. hab. Wojciecha Dyducha
The focus of this paper is on inter-project learning processes in public organizations. This paper is based on a brief literature study and a case study of two public organizations, concerning public sector project management and project knowledge management. The research question that we ask is: What characterizes processes of inter-project knowledge sharing in public organizations? The research is of preliminary character. It is our first attempt to address the issue of inter-project learning in public organizations in our collaborative endeavor – collaboration between researchers from Poland and Norway. Therefore, we illustrate our deliberations with limited data – a case study of two public organizations: Trondheim Municipality (Norway) and Municipality of Kraków (Poland).
Keywords: Projectification, Inter-project learning, Public organizations, Knowledge sharing
Słowa kluczowe: projektyzacja, projektokraci, projektariusze, warunki pracy, Krytyczne Studia nad Projektami
Project management is a widely used business management concept used in NGOs globally and regardless of the type of activities that are managed (Khang & Moe, 2008; Golini, Kalchschmidt, Landoni, 2015). It is not a new approach to the implementation of tasks in organizations in general – dating back to the construction of the Egyptian pyramids and Roman aqueducts. Traditional project management was focused on the management of a single project in a single location. However, the 1990’s technological change, the globalization process and the different needs of customers projected project management into new forms (Kloppenborg & Opfer 2002). In the field of project management, three main areas have been identified (tactical, operational, strategic) and particularly, project management, program management and project portfolio management have increasingly attracted attention. One important differentiating point as pointed out by Jugdey (2003) is that program management and project portfolios concern the management of groups of individual projects and differ from managing a single project (Jugdev, 2003). This is an important distinction in understanding project portfolio management in non-government organizations, which is the main objective of this discussion.
Although project management has been traditionally used in NGO’s globally, Project Portfolio Management (PPM) is a relatively new practice for the majority of non-government organisations, and particularly so in Poland. PPM is important in the areas of management and education of third sector practitioners. However, project portfolio management, corporate management tools are usually used in the business sector with very little research undertaken in the non-government sectors. This chapter fills that research gap by identifying and analysis of project portfolio management practices in non-governmental organizations.
Following the introduction, the concept of projectification provides an overview of the conceptualisation of project portfolio management and its application in non-government organizations. This is followed by a discussion on project portfolio management, stages of project portfolio management and project portfolio management in non-government organizations. The chapter concludes with the importance of project portfolio management in non-government organizations and provides future research recommendations.
source: http://www.igi-global.com/chapter/project-portfolio-management/180791
Ponadto, w rozdziale przywołuję również dwa przykłady („Miejska legenda o bibliofilu” oraz „I nie rozliczę cię, nawet po śmierci”), które bazują na wywiadzie na potrzeby innego projektu badawczego, jaki przeprowadziłam z menedżerem dużej organizacji pozarządowej, zajmującej się m.in. realizacją projektów na rzecz sektora publicznego Wywiad ten przyjął formę wywiadu niestandaryzowanego i nieustrukturalizowanego, gdyż jego intencją nie było potwierdzenie żadnej hipotezy, a próba zrozumienia wpływu reguł projektowych na realizację przedsięwzięć w sektorze publicznym (por. Kostera, 2003, s.122).