Papers by Gürkan Çalışkan
Journal of tourism and gastronomy studies, Mar 30, 2024
ChatGPT is a generative artificial intelligence technology. It is a technology that is becoming m... more ChatGPT is a generative artificial intelligence technology. It is a technology that is becoming more widely used. This research aimed to identify the determinants of the usage of ChatGPT in the tourism and hospitality industry. For this purpose, a systematic literature review was conducted, and six determinants of ChatGPT usage were identified. These are experience quality, satisfaction, interaction, ethics, reliability, and design features. These determined variables affect the behavioral intention regarding the usage of ChatGPT. Within the scope of the findings, a model for using ChatGPT is proposed from the perspective of the Technology Acceptance Model. Determinants of the use of ChatGPT in the tourism and hospitality industry have been identified. Relevant articles were subjected to thematic analysis and themes were determined. These; quality of experience, satisfaction, interaction, ethics, reliability and design features. In this research, determinants regarding the use of ChatGPT in the tourism and accommodation sector were identified and recommendations were made.
Journal of Tourism and Gastronomy Studies, Sep 29, 2023
In this study "Fixed iPad" technology is proposed as an innovative idea in chain accommodation bu... more In this study "Fixed iPad" technology is proposed as an innovative idea in chain accommodation businesses. The use of the proposed technology in accommodation businesses has been discussed and evaluated. In this study, the Diffusion of Innovations Theory is adopted. The idea of a "Fixed iPad" has been proposed to chain accommodation businesses. MAXQDA analysis program was used to visualize the data. The study showed that standards, suitability for the target, cost, and infrastructure are crucial determinants of innovation processes. It has been determined that chain accommodation enterprises cannot make decisions outside the standards. It has been determined that conducting R&D studies can be beneficial in innovation processes. In general, there is the opinion that the proposed innovation can have a positive effect on performance, satisfaction, and competition. A framework for the acceptance of innovations has been developed for chain accommodation businesses. This framework can be a prediction of innovation behavior toward chain accommodation businesses.
European Journal of Innovation Management, Dec 25, 2023
Purpose-Augmented reality is one of the technologies that developed and became widespread, especi... more Purpose-Augmented reality is one of the technologies that developed and became widespread, especially after the 2000s. It is seen that innovations such as 3D virtual reality glasses, artificial intelligence-supported smart chatbots that communicate with customers in a virtual environment, keyless hotel systems, the Internet of Things, augmented reality applications, smart personal assistants, digital infrastructure concepts and face recognition systems are used in tourism businesses. The place and use of augmented reality technologies in tourism enterprises are discussed in this study. This study was evaluated from the perspective of UTAUT2. The purpose of this study is to examine the usability of augmented reality technologies in tourism businesses. Design/methodology/approach-Within the scope of the study, interviews were held with augmented reality application developers, digital marketing agencies and accommodation business managers. The obtained data were processed with the MAXQDA analysis program. Findings-It has been determined that augmented reality is a useful and informative technological tool for tourists, it can help sales, promotion and marketing activities, and its usability potency in accommodation businesses is high. Originality/value-When the literature is reviewed, it is understood that the studies that apply to the opinions of the application developers and the managers of the accommodation establishments are limited. Therefore, this study has been prepared to contribute to the literature in this respect. This study examines and discusses the use of augmented reality technologies in tourism enterprises, the benefits and difficulties they will create from the perspective of application developers and accommodation business managers and their place in tourism enterprises. This study was evaluated from the perspective of UTAUT2. There is a need for research developed using UTAUT models in technology acceptance studies. In this respect, it will contribute to the literature.
Determinants of the Usage of ChatGPT in the Tourism and Hospitality Industry: A Model Proposal from the Technology Acceptance Perspective, 2024
ChatGPT is a generative artificial intelligence technology. It is a technology that is becoming m... more ChatGPT is a generative artificial intelligence technology. It is a technology that is becoming more widely used. This research aimed to identify the determinants of the usage of ChatGPT in the tourism and hospitality industry. For this purpose, a systematic literature review was conducted, and six determinants of ChatGPT usage were identified. These are experience quality, satisfaction, interaction, ethics, reliability, and design features. These determined variables affect the behavioral intention regarding the usage of ChatGPT. Within the scope of the findings, a model for using ChatGPT is proposed from the perspective of the Technology Acceptance Model. Determinants of the use of ChatGPT in the tourism and hospitality industry have been identified. Relevant articles were subjected to thematic analysis and themes were determined. These; quality of experience, satisfaction, interaction, ethics, reliability and design features. In this research, determinants regarding the use of ChatGPT in the tourism and accommodation sector were identified and recommendations were made.
European Journal of Innovation Management, 2023
Purpose-Augmented reality is one of the technologies that developed and became widespread, especi... more Purpose-Augmented reality is one of the technologies that developed and became widespread, especially after the 2000s. It is seen that innovations such as 3D virtual reality glasses, artificial intelligence-supported smart chatbots that communicate with customers in a virtual environment, keyless hotel systems, the Internet of Things, augmented reality applications, smart personal assistants, digital infrastructure concepts and face recognition systems are used in tourism businesses. The place and use of augmented reality technologies in tourism enterprises are discussed in this study. This study was evaluated from the perspective of UTAUT2. The purpose of this study is to examine the usability of augmented reality technologies in tourism businesses. Design/methodology/approach-Within the scope of the study, interviews were held with augmented reality application developers, digital marketing agencies and accommodation business managers. The obtained data were processed with the MAXQDA analysis program.
Findings-It has been determined that augmented reality is a useful and informative technological tool for tourists, it can help sales, promotion and marketing activities, and its usability potency in accommodation businesses is high.
Originality/value-When the literature is reviewed, it is understood that the studies that apply to the opinions of the application developers and the managers of the accommodation establishments are limited. Therefore, this study has been prepared to contribute to the literature in this respect. This study examines and discusses the use of augmented reality technologies in tourism enterprises, the benefits and difficulties they will create from the perspective of application developers and accommodation business managers and their place in tourism enterprises. This study was evaluated from the perspective of UTAUT2. There is a need for research developed using UTAUT models in technology acceptance studies. In this respect, it will contribute to the literature.
Tourism and Hospitality Research
This study aims to explore hospitality customers’ behavioral intentions and reactions toward serv... more This study aims to explore hospitality customers’ behavioral intentions and reactions toward service robots from the perspective of the Technology Acceptance Model. Kastamonu University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Department has supported this research. In this context, the service robot was leased. The service robot has been shown to customers in the lobbies, restaurants, rest areas, and cafes of accommodation establishments. Customers were enabled to interact with the robot. The participant observation method was adopted in the study. Unstructured interviews were conducted. The data divided into categories from the perspective of the Technology Acceptance Model were processed using the MAXQDA analysis tool. The density map was drawn from the “Document Portfolio.” The data were obtained as a result of participant observation. It is divided into two categories. These; are “Behavioral Responses” and “Cognitive and Emotional Responses.” The most prominent themes within t...
Journal of Tourismology * "The Development of Urban Aesthetics and Turkey" that is contained the ... more Journal of Tourismology * "The Development of Urban Aesthetics and Turkey" that is contained the book of announcements and presented in the "20th National Tourism Congress" held in Eskişehir between the dates 16-19 Octorber 2019.
Uluslararası türk dünyası turizm araştırmaları dergisi, Jul 9, 2019
Bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerindeki gelişmeler sonucunda sosyal medya tüm sektörleri etkilediği ... more Bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerindeki gelişmeler sonucunda sosyal medya tüm sektörleri etkilediği gibi turizm sektörünü de etkilemektedir. Sosyal medyanın hayatın her alanında bu denli etkili oluşu hem konaklama işletmelerinin iş yapış şekilleri hem de müşterilerin tatil sürecini değiştirmektedir. Sosyal medya sayesinde müşteriler tatile çıkmadan önce istediği bilgiye anında ulaşabilmekte, sosyal medya aracılığıyla satın alma işlemini gerçekleştirmekte ve tatil sonrası da deneyimi diğer kişilerle paylaşmaktadır. Tatil sürecinin her aşamasında yoğun şekilde kullanılan sosyal medya konaklama işletmelerini de değişime zorlamakta ve sosyal müşteri ilişkileri yönetimi anlayışına yönelmelerine sebep olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada İzmir'in Konak ilçesindeki beş yıldızlı konaklama işletmelerinin yöneticilerine yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu uygulanmış ve yöneticilerin sosyal müşteri ilişkileri yönetimine bakış açıları ele alınmıştır. Elde edilen veriler konaklama işletmelerinin de bu değişime ayak uydurduğunu ve sosyal medyada aktif bir şekilde yer aldığını göstermektedir.
Routledge eBooks, May 5, 2022
The COVID-19 virus, which emerged in China, spread rapidly worldwide and turned into a global pan... more The COVID-19 virus, which emerged in China, spread rapidly worldwide and turned into a global pandemic. This process has forced regions and countries to make some decisions. There has been a transition from the global social order to an order of introversion and restrictions. Although the pandemic has been tried to slow down with bans, restrictions, penalties, and temporary closures, it has not been successful yet. It is expected that the adverse effects of the virus will decrease over the next two years. While this is the case, the tourism sector is also affected by this change. In this study, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospitality customers was considered. A structured interview form was conducted with the customers, and the data obtained were evaluated using the thematic analysis method. The MAXQDA program was used as an analysis tool. As a result of the analysis, it was seen that the customers were affected by the process. It was resolved that some customers, in particular, change their holiday decisions. Despite the pandemic period, it was determined that customers feel safe in their holiday experiences and can perform some holiday activities. It was determined that the customers who find the operational precautions sufficient consider the country precautions as improvable. With the data obtained, it was tried to reveal the current state of customers’ holiday experiences during the pandemic period.
Journal of multidisciplinary academic tourism, Dec 31, 2022
This work is licensed under a Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC... more This work is licensed under a Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).
Seyahat ve Otel İşletmeciliği Dergisi
Kastamonu kanyonları, milli parkları ve doğal güzellikleri ile önemli bir doğa turizmi potansiyel... more Kastamonu kanyonları, milli parkları ve doğal güzellikleri ile önemli bir doğa turizmi potansiyeline sahiptir. Valla Kanyonu, Horma Kanyonu, Ilıca Şelalesi, Ilgarini Mağarası, İstiklal Yolu Güzergâhı, Ilgaz Dağı Milli Parkı, Küre Dağları Milli Parkı gibi doğal güzelliklere sahiptir. Çalışmanın amacı, artırılmış gerçeklik teknolojilerinin doğa turizminde kullanım olanağına yönelik rehberlerin algılarını değerlendirmektir. Araştırmada, fenomenolojik araştırma yaklaşımı benimsenmiş ve görüşme tekniği uygulanmıştır. Kastamonu ilinde yaşayan rehberlerden veri toplanmıştır. Veriler MAXQDA ile kodlanmış ve haritalandırılmıştır. Bulgular doğrudan alıntılarla desteklenmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında elde edilen veriler beş ana tema altında değerlendirilmiştir. Bunlar; kişisel, tur, doğa, turizm ve rehberlik hizmeti temalarıdır. Elde edilen bilgiler bu teknolojilerin doğa turizminde kullanılabileceğini desteklese de henüz gelişim aşamasında olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Tourism and Hospitality Research, 2023
This study aims to explore hospitality customers' behavioral intentions and reactions toward serv... more This study aims to explore hospitality customers' behavioral intentions and reactions toward service robots from the perspective of the Technology Acceptance Model. Kastamonu University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Department has supported this research. In this context, the service robot was leased. The service robot has been shown to customers in the lobbies, restaurants, rest areas, and cafes of accommodation establishments. Customers were enabled to interact with the robot. The participant observation method was adopted in the study. Unstructured interviews were conducted. The data divided into categories from the perspective of the Technology Acceptance Model were processed using the MAXQDA analysis tool. The density map was drawn from the "Document Portfolio." The data were obtained as a result of participant observation. It is divided into two categories. These; are "Behavioral Responses" and "Cognitive and Emotional Responses." The most prominent themes within the categories are video/photo taking, speaking, touching (behavioral), excitement, liking, and having fun (cognitive and emotional). The user rate of these reactions is 7/10 on average. It was observed that the participants enjoyed, were satisfied, and wanted to interact with the service robot. These findings reveal that behavioral intentions related to technology acceptance may occur against service robots.
Journal of business management and economic research, Dec 1, 2022
The mobility in the tourism sector is increasing every year. Most people are not able to particip... more The mobility in the tourism sector is increasing every year. Most people are not able to participate in tourism activities due to the disability of people from birth or later. According to the data of the World Health Organization, the world population is more than 7 billion, and more than 1 billion of this population is in a state of various disabilities. According to TUIK statistics, there are approximately 10 million disabled people in Turkey. The estimated potential income for disabled tourism in Europe alone by 2025 is 88 billion Euros. In this study, first of all, the point reached in disabled tourism was revealed, and suggestions were presented in order to increase the awareness of the disabled tourism market for tourism stakeholders and to improve this type of tourism. In this context, the study examines the plans and policies regarding disabled tourism and the relevant literature in order to reveal the current situation for disabled tourism in Turkey. Disabled tourism is discussed under the headings of tourism policies, tourism businesses and disabled individuals. As a result, it has been seen that the legal regulations for disabled tourism in Turkey are insufficient, the laws for the physically disabled generally come to the fore, and in this context, it is necessary to control the laws and regulations for disabled tourism. It has been determined that tourism enterprises are not yet ready to provide services to disabled individuals and that disabled individuals cannot fully benefit from tourism services.
Journal of Tourism and Gastronomy Studies,, 2023
In this study "Fixed iPad" technology is proposed as an innovative idea in chain accommodation bu... more In this study "Fixed iPad" technology is proposed as an innovative idea in chain accommodation businesses. The use of the proposed technology in accommodation businesses has been discussed and evaluated. In this study, the Diffusion of Innovations Theory is adopted. The idea of a “Fixed iPad” has been proposed to chain accommodation businesses. MAXQDA analysis program was used to visualize the data. The study showed that standards, suitability for the target, cost, and infrastructure are crucial determinants of innovation processes. It has been determined that chain accommodation enterprises cannot make decisions outside the standards. It has been determined that conducting R&D studies can be beneficial in innovation processes. In general, there is the opinion that the proposed innovation can have a positive effect on performance, satisfaction, and competition. A framework for the acceptance of innovations has been developed for chain accommodation businesses. This framework can be a prediction of innovation behavior toward chain accommodation businesses.
Journal of Business Management and Economic Research
Turizm sektöründeki hareketlilik her yıl artmaktadır. İnsanların yaradılıştan veya sonradan meyda... more Turizm sektöründeki hareketlilik her yıl artmaktadır. İnsanların yaradılıştan veya sonradan meydana gelen engel durumlarından dolayı çoğu insan turizm etkinliklerine katılamamaktadır. Dünya Sağlık Örgütünün verilerine göre, dünya nüfusu 7 milyardan fazla olup, bu nüfusun 1 milyarından fazlası çeşitli engellilik durumundadır. TÜİK istatistiklerine göre Türkiye’de yaklaşık 10 milyon engelli birey vardır. 2025 yılına kadar sadece Avrupa’da engelli turizmi için tahmin edilen potansiyel gelir 88 milyar Euro'dur. Bu çalışmada, öncelikle Türkiye’de engelli turizminde gelinen nokta ortaya konulmuş, turizm paydaşları için engelli turizmi pazarı farkındalık seviyelerinin arttırılması ve bu turizm türünün daha iyi seviyelere gelebilmesi amacıyla öneriler sunulmuştur. Bu çalışma Türkiye’deki engelli turizmine yönelik mevcut durumun ortaya çıkarılması amacıyla engelli turizmine ilişkin plan ve politikalar ve ilgili literatür incelenmiştir. Engelli turizmi turizm politikalar, turizm işletmele...
Yönetim, Ekonomi ve Pazarlama Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2022
Turizm sektöründeki hareketlilik her yıl artmaktadır. İnsanların yaradılıştan veya sonradan meyda... more Turizm sektöründeki hareketlilik her yıl artmaktadır. İnsanların yaradılıştan veya sonradan meydana gelen engel durumlarından dolayı çoğu insan turizm etkinliklerine katılamamaktadır. Dünya Sağlık Örgütünün verilerine göre, dünya nüfusu 7 milyardan fazla olup, bu nüfusun 1 milyarından fazlası çeşitli engellilik durumundadır. TÜİK istatistiklerine göre Türkiye’de yaklaşık 10 milyon engelli birey vardır. 2025 yılına kadar sadece Avrupa’da engelli turizmi için tahmin edilen potansiyel gelir 88 milyar Euro'dur. Bu çalışmada, öncelikle Türkiye’de engelli turizminde gelinen nokta ortaya konulmuş, turizm paydaşları için engelli turizmi pazarı farkındalık seviyelerinin arttırılması ve bu turizm türünün daha iyi seviyelere gelebilmesi amacıyla öneriler sunulmuştur. Bu çalışma Türkiye’deki engelli turizmine yönelik mevcut durumun ortaya çıkarılması amacıyla engelli turizmine ilişkin plan ve politikalar ve ilgili literatür incelenmiştir. Engelli turizmi turizm politikalar, turizm işletmeleri ve engelli bireyler başlıklarında ele alınmıştır. Sonuç olarak Türkiye’de engelli turizme yönelik yasal düzenlemelerin yetersiz olduğu, genellikle bedensel engellilere yönelik yasaların ön plana çıktığı ve bu bağlamda engelli turizmine yönelik kanunların ve düzenlemelerin kontrol edilmesi gerekliliği görülmüştür. Turizm işletmelerinin engelli bireylere hizmet sağlamak için henüz tam anlamıyla hazır olmadıkları ve engelli bireylerin turizm hizmetinden tam anlamıyla faydalanamadıkları belirlenmiştir.
Seyahat ve Otel İşletmeciliği Dergisi, 2022
Kastamonu kanyonları, milli parkları ve doğal güzellikleri ile önemli bir doğa turizmi potansiyel... more Kastamonu kanyonları, milli parkları ve doğal güzellikleri ile önemli bir doğa turizmi potansiyeline sahiptir. Valla Kanyonu, Horma Kanyonu, Ilıca Şelalesi, Ilgarini Mağarası, İstiklal Yolu Güzergâhı, Ilgaz Dağı Milli Parkı, Küre Dağları Milli Parkı gibi doğal güzelliklere sahiptir. Çalışmanın amacı, artırılmış gerçeklik teknolojilerinin doğa turizminde kullanım olanağına yönelik rehberlerin algılarını değerlendirmektir. Araştırmada, fenomenolojik araştırma yaklaşımı benimsenmiş ve görüşme tekniği uygulanmıştır. Kastamonu ilinde yaşayan rehberlerden veri toplanmıştır. Veriler MAXQDA ile kodlanmış ve haritalandırılmıştır. Bulgular doğrudan alıntılarla desteklenmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında elde edilen veriler beş ana tema altında değerlendirilmiştir. Bunlar; kişisel, tur, doğa, turizm ve rehberlik hizmeti temalarıdır. Elde edilen bilgiler bu teknolojilerin doğa turizminde kullanılabileceğini desteklese de henüz gelişim aşamasında olduğu belirlenmiştir.
COVID-19 and the Tourism Industry, May 5, 2022
The COVID-19 virus, which emerged in China, spread rapidly worldwide and turned into a global pan... more The COVID-19 virus, which emerged in China, spread rapidly worldwide and turned into a global pandemic. This process has forced regions and countries to make some decisions. There has been a transition from the global social order to an order of introversion and restrictions. Although the pandemic has been tried to slow down with bans, restrictions, penalties, and temporary closures, it has not been successful yet. It is expected that the adverse effects of the virus will decrease over the next two years. While this is the case, the tourism sector is also affected by this change. In this study, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospitality customers was considered. A structured interview form was conducted with the customers, and the data obtained were evaluated using the thematic analysis method. The MAXQDA program was used as an analysis tool. As a result of the analysis, it was seen that the customers were affected by the process. It was resolved that some customers, in particular, change their holiday decisions. Despite the pandemic period, it was determined that customers feel safe in their holiday experiences and can perform some holiday activities. It was determined that the customers who find the operational precautions sufficient consider the country precautions as improvable. With the data obtained, it was tried to reveal the current state of customers’ holiday experiences during the pandemic period.
Uploads
Papers by Gürkan Çalışkan
Findings-It has been determined that augmented reality is a useful and informative technological tool for tourists, it can help sales, promotion and marketing activities, and its usability potency in accommodation businesses is high.
Originality/value-When the literature is reviewed, it is understood that the studies that apply to the opinions of the application developers and the managers of the accommodation establishments are limited. Therefore, this study has been prepared to contribute to the literature in this respect. This study examines and discusses the use of augmented reality technologies in tourism enterprises, the benefits and difficulties they will create from the perspective of application developers and accommodation business managers and their place in tourism enterprises. This study was evaluated from the perspective of UTAUT2. There is a need for research developed using UTAUT models in technology acceptance studies. In this respect, it will contribute to the literature.
Findings-It has been determined that augmented reality is a useful and informative technological tool for tourists, it can help sales, promotion and marketing activities, and its usability potency in accommodation businesses is high.
Originality/value-When the literature is reviewed, it is understood that the studies that apply to the opinions of the application developers and the managers of the accommodation establishments are limited. Therefore, this study has been prepared to contribute to the literature in this respect. This study examines and discusses the use of augmented reality technologies in tourism enterprises, the benefits and difficulties they will create from the perspective of application developers and accommodation business managers and their place in tourism enterprises. This study was evaluated from the perspective of UTAUT2. There is a need for research developed using UTAUT models in technology acceptance studies. In this respect, it will contribute to the literature.
gelişmelerle beraber dünyanın hızla değişim içerisine girmiştir. Rekabet küresel boyuta ulaşırken, üretim ve tüketim alışkanlıkları da ciddi değişimler içerisine girmiştir. Web 2.0’ın gelişimi sosyal medyanın gelişimine zemin hazırlamıştır. Sosyal hale gelen müşterileri yönetmek gün geçtikçe zor hale gelirken, geleneksel yönetim metotları bu yeni müşteri topluluğundaki değişimleri yakalamada yetersiz kalmıştır. Sosyal müşteri ilişkileri yönetimi anlayışı, işletmelerin benimsemesi gereken modern yönetim anlayışıdır. Bu çalışmada Eskişehir’de bulunan dört ve beş yıldızlı konaklama işletmelerinin sosyal müşteri ilişkileri yönetimi anlayışına bakış açıları irdelenmiştir. Bu kapsamda konaklama işletmeleri yöneticilerine yapılandırılmış görüşme formu uygulanmış ve elde edilen veriler içerik analizi yöntemi ile analiz edilmiştir. Çalışma sonuçlarına göre beş yıldızlı konaklama işletmelerinin sosyal müşteri ilişkileri yönetimi anlayışından ve bileşenlerinden haberdar oldukları, yönetim süreçlerini, ilgili yazılım ve strateji ile beraber uyguladıkları belirlenmiştir. Dört yıldızlı konaklama işletmelerinin de sosyal müşteri ilişkileri yönetimi anlayışına karşı farkındalıklarının olmasına karşın, yazılım ve stratejiden ziyade sosyal medya hesaplarının yönetimi ile ilgilendikleri tespit edilmiştir.
business life is increasing day by day. Digitization is a concept beyond the
transfer of data to digital platforms. With digitalization, customers' product
search and purchase preferences have also changed, and their changing
lifestyles have created a new consumer profile. It has become very important
for businesses to analyze this new customer profile correctly while creating
their strategies. The digitalization process, which has been effective on
different fields of science with the changes it has created, has also been
effective on marketing science and marketing science has been significantly
affected by digital transformation. Due to the dynamic nature of marketing,
this effect is expected to increase in the future. For this reason, businesses need
to regulate their marketing activities in harmony with digitalization.
Otherwise, it will be difficult for businesses to survive in an increasingly
competitive environment.