Kanada
Kanada (izina mu Cyongereza no mu Gifaransa : Canada ) ni igihugu kinini cyane giherereye mu gice cyo mu majyaruguru y’umugabane wa Amerika ya Ruguru. Gikikijwe n’inyanja ya Atalantika mu burasirazuba, inyanja ya Pasifika mu burengerazuba n’inyanja ya Arikitika mu majyaruguru. Nicyo gihugu cya kabiri kinini ku isi mu buso nyuma y’u Burusiya, aho gifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 9,984,670. Kanada ihana imbibe na Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika mu majyepfo no mu majyaruguru y’uburengerazuba, ukaba ariwo mupaka muremure ku isi.
Ubusanzwe Kanada yari ituwe n’abasangwabutaka kugera mu kinyejana cya 15 ubwo Abafaransa n’Abongereza bazaga kureba uko hameze. Nyuma baje kuhatura rero, mu nkengero za Atalantika. Abo basangwabutaka baje gushegeshwa bikomeye n’indwara zari ziturutse i Burayi, ubu hasigaye mbarwa.
Kuri ubu, iki gihugu gituwe n’abaturage basaga miliyoni 31. Nicyo gihugu abantu bajya guturamo cyane, bikaba akenshi biterwa n’impamvu z’ubukungu cyangwa hakaba hari ababa basanzeyo abo bafitanye isano.
Amateka
[hindura | hindura inkomoko]Mu mwaka wa 1763 Abafaransa baretse colonies zose bari bafite muri Amerika ya Ruguru, nyuma y’intambara yiswe '"Guerre de sept ans". Mu mwaka wa 1867, Kanada yahinduwe intara ifite ubwigenge bucagase, icibwamo intara 4, aha ni naho hatangiriye ukwigenga gusumbyeho, byatumye Kanada itacyometse cyane ku Bwongereza. Mu mwaka wa 1919, Kanada yinjiye muri Société des Nations nk’igihugu ukwacyo kitari mu Bwongereza, naho mu mwaka wa 1945, Kanada iba kimwe mu bihugu byashinze Loni.
Intara na teritwari
[hindura | hindura inkomoko]Kuri ubu Kanada igizwe n’intara 10 arizo: Ontario, Québec, Alberta, Nova Scotia, Nouveau Brunswick, Manitoba, Colombie Britannique, Ile du Prince Edouard, Saskatchewan na Terre Neuve na Labrador. Kanada kandi igizwe na teritwari 3 (territoires)
Québec niyo ntara nini kurusha izindi, ikaba ari nayo ituwe cyane nyuma ya Ontario. Ikaba ivugirwamo igifaransa cyonyine nk’ururimi rwemewe, mawe mu mashyaka yahoo akaba anifuza ko iyo ntara yakwikura kuri Kanada ikigenga.
Ibendera rya Kanada rizwi cyane, rikaba ari umweru n’umutuku. Hagati harimo ishusho ry’ikibabi cy’igiti cyitwa érable ushobora gusanga henshi muri icyo gihugu, kikaba cyinatanga umutobe uryoshye (sirop d'érable).
Ururimi
[hindura | hindura inkomoko]Kanada ni igihugu kivugirwamo indimi 2 zemewe: Igifaransa n’Icyongereza. Ubwo uwo Gouverneur Général yageraga mu Rwanda, bamwe mwumvise ko yavugaga ijambo mu rurimi rumwe, akongera akabivuga mu rundi. Ibi bikaba biterwa n’iyo politiki yo kubahiriza izo ndimi zombi (bilinguisme).
Leta
[hindura | hindura inkomoko]Kanada iyoborwa nk’ubutegetsi bushingiye ku nteko ishinga amategeko, aho kuba ku mukuru w’igihugu nk’uko bimeze ahandi henshi ku isi.
Muri iyi minsi twagiye twumva intiyo “Gouverneur Général”, aho kumva perezida. Ibi biterwa n’uko ubundi Kanada iyoborwa n’umwamikazi w’u bwongereza, akaba gusa yoherezayo Gouverneur Général wo kumuhagararira. Kuri ubu Gouverneur Général ni Madamu Mary Simon.
Minisitiri w’intebe ni nk’aho ariwe mutegetsi ukomeye uba uri muri Kanada. Aturuka mu ishyaka ryatsinze amatora yo mu nteko, kandi niwe ushyiraho guverinoma ankanayihindura.
Kanada iri mu miryango nka G8 (umuryango uhuza ibihugu 8 bikize ku isi), G-20 (umuryango uhuza ibihugu 20 bikize ku isi), OTAN, OCDE, OMC, Commonwealth, Francophonie, OAS, APEC na Loni (ONU).
Kanada ni kimwe mu bihugu bikize kandi bikomeye ku isi. Ubukungu bwayo bushingiye cyane cyane ku mutungo kamere n’ubuhahirane na Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika bituranye. Kanada ifite amashyamba arimo ibiti bikenerwa cyane, ikungahaye kandi kuri peteroli na gaz. Hari amabuye y’agaciro atandukanye kandi akenerwa nka zinc, uranium, n’ayandi.