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zainal arifin

STT PLN, Power and Renewable Energy, Faculty Member

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Zainal Arifin received a BSC in Mechanical Engineering from Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology (ITS) Indonesia in 1994. He earned his MBA in Operation Management in 2010 from University of Missouri – St Louis (UMSL), USA, and a PhD in Strategic Management from Universitas Indonesia in 2016.He is currently Vice President of Technology Development and Standardization of PLN, Indonesia. His main responsibility is to do technology assessment, standardization and in-house innovation. He is teaching at graduate program of Indonesia University and STT PLN, and delivering lecture at graduate program of Padjadjaran University, Trisakti University and ITS. Until right now, he is Team leader of PLN Smart Grid (from 2016) and Team leader of Electric Vehicle infrastructure development in PLN (from 2013). ORCHID: 0000-0002-5615-9358
Address: PLN Indonesia, STT PLN Indonesia

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Papers by zainal arifin

Heat Conversion Design Using Peltier Thermoelectrics with Greenhouse Effect Heating System and Mobile Nitrogen Cooler Following the Sun Position

2023 International Conference on Networking, Electrical Engineering, Computer Science, and Technology (IConNECT), 2023

A solar thermal-to-electricity conversion system that optimizes the temperature difference betwee... more A solar thermal-to-electricity conversion system that optimizes the temperature difference between hot and cold sources has been designed using Peltier thermoelectric. The system consists of three main components, namely the heating system, cooler, and drive to position the prototype following the direction of motion of the sun. With a greenhouse effect concept, the heating system at the top keeps the temperature in the acrylic room warm. The hot side of the Peltier is placed with an aluminum plate and andesite stone as heat conductors and storage. The cooling system uses a metal-wrapped fluid as a source of cold temperature equipped with temperaturereducing aluminum foil and nitrogen gas to keep the fluid at a low temperature. Finally, the drive system uses a hydraulic to move the design module following the direction of motion of the sun, whose light will be focused by a convex lens to concentrate. The Peltier is assembled in series and step-up to increase the output voltage to produce maximum results. This prototype design can hopefully contribute to the development of renewable energy.

Increasing performance of chiller systems in high-rise buildings by load optioptimizmization

International Journal of Applied Power Engineering, 2024

Recently, the construction of high-rise buildings has been increasing significantly along with ec... more Recently, the construction of high-rise buildings has been increasing significantly along with economic growth. Therefore, electricity is also going up due to the energy demand of the building. The air conditioning system is the enormous energy consumption in high buildings. The green building concept has been introduced regarding the energy efficiency of a high-rise building. This study investigated the energy consumption in a high building (47 floors) using the load optimization method for the chiller system. The load optimization was conducted by configuring five chillers systems consisting of integral compressors, cooling towers, and pumps. This study obtained the decreasing energy consumption by the chiller's operation load sequencing based on 24-hour data optimization. Optimized chiller performance satisfied the green building standards. However, load optimization on high buildings is highly recommended as an effective way to achieve green building status. Further research is recommended for implementing such optimization at other facilities, such as industrial plants, hospitals, airports, and manufacturing plants.

Opportunity Assessment of Virtual Power Plant Implementation for Sustainable Renewable Energy Development in Indonesia Power System Network

Sustainability, 2024

Renewable energy sources have become one of the important roles for sustainable energy developmen... more Renewable energy sources have become one of the important roles for sustainable energy development. One of the promising mechanisms to deploy renewable energy is through a Virtual Power Plant (VPP), which can integrate various distributed renewable energy resources into a single controllable and deployable entity. This paper examines the opportunity for VPP adoption in Indonesia, which investigates the minimum implementation criteria, provides a gap analysis for VPP implementation, and proposes recommendations for VPP implementation in Indonesia. The implementation criteria are obtained from the literature review, including the lessons learned from other countries, and categorized into four aspects: regulatory, technical, economic, and social. The gap analysis is performed by evaluating the current state of Indonesia’s utility network in correlation with the VPP minimum implementation criteria and then provides a scoring matrix for each criterion. Lastly, the recommendations are arranged to narrow these gaps, organized into ten key focus points, and divided into four phases:, initiation, preparation, piloting, and deployment, across a ten-year timeframe.

Economic analysis of cost-based load shifting implementation on large utility systems using battery energy storage system

International Journal of Sustainable Energy, 2023

Advances in energy storage technology have allowed the application of load shifting in the utilit... more Advances in energy storage technology have allowed the application of load shifting in the utility grid for a more efficient power system operation. However, the economy of the Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) application is not linear to the cost reduction obtained from excluding the costly generators. This paper presents the economic analysis of cost-based load shifting implementation and an approach to determine the generation units to be deactivated and replaced by BESS on three large-scale power grids in Indonesia: Sumbagut, Sumbagteng, and Sumbagsel systems. The economic feasibility is evaluated using the Net Present Value (NPV), considering the savings and the BESS investment cost. The result shows that the proposed approach is more robust than the conventional methods, such as removing the most expensive units, units with the highest cost reduction, units with the best economic return contribution, or the maximum number of units that can be replaced.

Investigation of Ash-Related Problem on Sequential Feeding Method for Coal Co-Combustion in Drop Tube Furnace

Combustion Science and Technology, 2023

In this study, sequential feeding method was conducted due to some coal-fired power plants not be... more In this study, sequential feeding method was conducted due to some coal-fired power plants not being equipped by coal blending facility. Its effect on ash-related problem was investigated using drop tube furnace combustion test and ash particle observation method. AUS coal (low-slagging risk sample) and KT coal (high-slagging risk sample) were used to obtain AK-1 coal and AK-2 coal. AK-1 coal was a coal sample of out-furnace blending method, while AK-2 coal was coal sample of sequential feeding method. AK-1 probe tended to be more similar to AUS coal with only a small spot of ash attached on the probe surface. Meanwhile, AK-2 probe had more ash attached on the probe surface, indicating more severe slagging than AK-1 probe. According to ash morphology, the result indicated that the upper layer of slag tended to be more similar to AUS coal ash, while initial layer of slag of AK-2 coal contained more KT coal ash. Based on ash mineralogy, sodium in AK-2 coal was distributed evenly which was different with AK-1 coal. This result shows that sequential feeding method is not applicable to reduce slagging and fouling risk of KT coal.

Smart Grid Pilot Project Evaluation and Recommendations in Indonesia: Case Study of Semau Island

IEEExplore, 2023

The Indonesian national electric company (PT. PLN) has aimed to increase the level of electrifica... more The Indonesian national electric company (PT. PLN) has aimed to increase the level of electrification to provide a better life for citizens. However, the dispersion of citizens in remote islands challenges the electrification infrastructure and services. Nevertheless, some strategies have been implemented to pass the challenges, including the adoption of the emerging technology smart grid. The smart grid is adopted to solve specific problems of electrical power services for small remote islands with limited energy resources. Although various problems challenge development, smart grid development should follow its comprehensive aims. Therefore, an assessment method is needed to evaluate the smart grid to expose the advantages and disadvantages of the existing design. Furthermore, based on the evaluation results, recommendations can be delivered to increase the performance of the smart grid. Furthermore, the evaluation and recommendations can be used to improve the design of the next smart grid project. Finally, a smart grid on the remote island of Semau is used for a case study.

Implementation of Battery Energy Storage System at Cirata PV solar floating for Reducing the Electricity Cost Production on Jamali grid

AIP Conference Proceedings 2517, 030003 (2023), 2023

Along with the exponential growth of renewable energy penetration to the grid, the role of batter... more Along with the exponential growth of renewable energy penetration to the grid, the role of battery energy storage to create gird more flexible has been significantly increasing. There are two main functions of battery storage on grid; load shifting and load smoothing. The utilization of battery storage does not only create some technical beneficial such as reliability and flexibility but also a financial cost saving. This study investigates the implementation of lithiumion battery storage system at PV floating farm for reducing the electricity cost production on the grid system. The financial feasibility is conducted through a spread sheet financial modelling based on life cycle cost and levelized cost of electricity. The impact of PV floating with BESS to the grid is tested by a power system tool ETAP. This study found that the implementation of BESS at PV floating farm is potentially reducing the electricity cost production based on both full store and partial store scenarios. The difference of financial cost saving between both scenarios is not significant. Other finding is the implementation of BESS with PV floating does not affect significantly the grid system stability. The result of the study is useful for energy developer and buyer or off taker to define the right cost of power purchasing agreement for battery energy storage system application. It also supports the utility firms that want to utilize the storage technology for achieving more flexible, reliable and resilient of their grid. Further research is recommended to study a capacity optimization of battery storage to the PV farm, to investigate more unit analysis, to asses' various capacity of battery and to analyze it at different grid system

Techno-Economic Analysis of Co-firing for Pulverized Coal Boilers Power Plant in Indonesia

International Journal of Renewable Energy Developme, 2023

The utilization of co-firing (coal-biomass) in existing coal-fired power plants (CFPPs) is the fa... more The utilization of co-firing (coal-biomass) in existing coal-fired power plants (CFPPs) is the fastest and most effective way to increase the renewable energy mix, which has been dominated by pulverized coal (PC) boilers, particularly in the Indonesian context. This study aims to investigate the technical and economic aspects of co-firing by conducting a pilot project of three PC boiler plants and capturing several preliminary figures before being implemented for the entire plants in Indonesia. Various measured variables, such as plant efficiency, furnace exit gas temperature (FEGT), fuel characteristic, generating cost (GC), and flue gas emissions, were identified and compared between coal-firing and 5%-biomass co-firing. The result from three different capacities of CFPP shows that co-firing impacts the efficiency of the plant corresponding to biomass heating value linearly and has an insignificant impact on FEGT. Regarding environmental impact, co-firing has a high potential to reduce SO2 and NOx emissions depending on the sulfur and nitrogen content of biomass. SO2 emission decreases by a maximum of 34% and a minimum of 1.88%. While according to economic evaluation, the average electricity GC increases by about 0.25 USD cent/kWh due to biomass price per unit of energy is higher than coal by 0.64×10-3 USD cent/kcal. The accumulation in the one-year operation of 5%-biomass co-firing with a 70% capacity factor produced 285,676 MWh of green energy, equal to 323,749 tCO2e and 143,474 USD of carbon credit. The biomass prices sensitivity analysis found that the fuel price per unit of energy between biomass and coal was the significant parameter to the GC changes.

Comparison of Medium-Term Load Forecasting Methods (Splitted Linear Regression and Artificial Neural Networks) in Electricity Systems Located in Tropical Regions

Conference: 2022 3rd International Conference on Clean and Green Energy Engineering (CGEE), 2022

Load forecasting for the medium term to supply power plants within 1 month, can optimize the econ... more Load forecasting for the medium term to supply power plants within 1 month, can optimize the economic dispatch of generators that will be used to supply large systems. The accuracy of forecasting the half-hourly load will result in a more efficient electricity supply in a system that uses flat rates on the utility side. In this paper, the author tries to compare the forecasting methods of linear regression, Artificial Neural Networks, and Splitted Linear Regression. This method is applied to the largest system in Indonesia, a country located at the tropical region which has different characteristics from countries that have four seasons. At the end of this study, it can be concluded that the Splitted Linear Regression method has the highest performance with the lowest MAPE value of 2.63%.

Indonesia Solar Market Projection for 2021-2030

European Conference on Renewable Energy Systems, 2022

The availability of the projected solar power market in Indonesia is affected by the lower cost a... more The availability of the projected solar power market in Indonesia is affected by the lower cost and business of solar power systems. In this study, projection of solar power panel system market for 2021-2030 periods calculated by the aid of analyzing the data provided by Indonesian State Electricity Enterprise (PLN), International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), and US Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). There are three market types such as optimistic, medium, and low were identified. The Solar power system market might reach 37 GWp by 2030 for the optimistic market (3% of the total energy required by 2030) and 13 GWp for a low market. Based on IRENA data, an optimum scenario for the solar power system market is likely to reach 34 GWp in 2030, while National Energy Master Plan (RUEN) data projects will be 13 GWp for low market scenarios. The scenarios are in line with the 2024 PLN transformation plan.

Socio-Economic Analysis of Renewable Energy Based on Community at Small Isolated Island in Indonesia

Conference: European Conference on Renewable Energy Systems, 2022

Indonesia as an archipelago country has thousands of islands. Some small-isolated islands do not ... more Indonesia as an archipelago country has thousands of islands. Some small-isolated islands do not have electricity access supplied by PLN (Indonesia Electricity Company). One of them is Selayar in South Sulawesi which cannot be reached by PLN due to terrain conditions where it is impossible to build the electricity distribution lines. This study aims to determine the potential of renewable energy sources that allow them to be used as electrical energy and reduce the shortage of electrical energy in the Selayar islands. The case studies were performed using HOMER software with various scenarios were investigated between solar, wind, and biomass. The lowest Levelized Cost of Electricity value is obtained for biomass and hybrid Solar-biomass, which are IDR1.496/kWh and IDR1.468/kWh. Between the two technologies, biomass is a technology that can be calculated both in terms of potential and price. In addition, Selayar islands can produce coconut around 21.170 tons/year. To support the government program called REBED (Renewable Energy Based Economic Development), briquettes can not only be used as a source of electrical energy but also can have an impact on the economy of the local community. By forming a briquette business unit, residents have job options and other abilities.

Technology Selection of Solar PV for Household and Small Industries in Indonesia

International Conference on Converging Technology in Electrical and Information Engineering (ICCTEIE), 2021

Energy demand is increasing up to 31 GWp by 2030 according to International Renewable Energy Agen... more Energy demand is increasing up to 31 GWp by 2030 according to International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) in Indonesia. It is recommended that State Electricity Enterprise (PLN) to be involved in the solar PV business to maintain the sustainability of Indonesia’s energy. Therefore, it is necessary to select the correct solar panel technology adapted to the culture of the Indonesian market, meanwhile to ensure minimal loss and increase the competitive advantages for PLN in the future. This study aims to make technology selection of solar PV for household and small industries needed by Indonesian’s market by some criteria selection. Criteria selection of solar PV obtained from the readiness of manufacturing and maturity of the technology. These criteria selection is used in selecting basic material and solar panel technology. Material criteria selection consists of material availability in Indonesia, annual degradation of efficiency, the amount of toxicity contained in the material, and the basic price of the material. Meanwhile, technology criteria selection consists of efficiency, wp/cm2, LCOE, lifetime, and maturity of solar panel technology. The result from the national and international solar PV manufacturer survey is used for modeling and simulating solar PV selection for Indonesia. The result of the study shows that the most suitable material and panel used recently and also for the future. It also shows a great opportunity for the utility to be involved in the solar PV business. This is subject to future changes depend on price, availability, and new technology in the future.

Disruptive Innovation Tinjauan Multi Aspek Book

Electricity Tariff Simulation on The Largest Electric Power System in Indonesia Using The Time Of Use and Critical Peak Pricing Schemes Based on Revenue Neutrality

IEEE 4th International Conference on Power and Energy Applications (ICPEA), 2021

The current dynamic tariff has become a trend in developing countries, especially in the electric... more The current dynamic tariff has become a trend in developing countries, especially in the electricity sector. Flat tariff on electricity costumers causes the cost of electricity to be less optimal. In Indonesia, the second highest costumer group after industry is residential customer, who has 37,6 % of total electrical energy consumption. So naturally the load curve tends to approach the curve of residential needs. In the Java Madura Bali system, the peak load of a residential customer occurs at the same time as the peak load on the system. If load shifting scheme of the electrical energy consumption of the residential customer can be applied, it will give a big impact on the system. The peak load is borne by the power plants which generally have expensive operational costs. By the reduction of peak load using load shifting scheme, a significant increase of system efficiency will be obtained. This paper develops a method of determination of a dynamic tariff combination scheme, Time of Use (TOU) and Critical Peak Pricing (CPP) based on revenue neutrality. The scheme is simulated to residential customers in the Java Bali Madura system. From several scenarios, the results of the implementation of this scheme show the increasing of the total cost efficiency of electricity supply in the Java Madura Bali system.

Solar Levelized Cost of Energy Projection in Indonesia

International Conference on Technology and Policy in Energy and Electric Power (ICT-PEP), 2021

Solar Levelized Cost of Energy is influenced by a multitude of factors such as investment costs f... more Solar Levelized Cost of Energy is influenced by a multitude of factors such as investment costs for material and product, operational and maintenance costs, solar cell lifetime, degradation, as well as installation region. This study aims to clarify the current vague details of Solar LCOE in Indonesia. Moreover, projection of Solar LCOE in Indonesia is calculated from 2020 to 2050, covering aspects such as cost, system configuration with and without batteries, location, and effectiveness of different panel types. Based on NREL and SunPower LCOE formulas as well as data from recent market data and onsite survey. Models of On-Grid Silicon-based Solar Panel System without batteries (Model A) and with battery capacities (1x, 1.5x) of PV module as well as an identical Off-Grid system (Model B) with battery capacities (2.5x, 3x) of PV module are described. The study shows that the LCOE of Model A with 10% discount rate in 2020 will reach grid parity at year 2050 with a predicted rate of IDR 547/kWh, meanwhile until the year 2030, LCOE of Model B with a discount rate of 10% will not reach grid parity. Overall, it can be concluded that an offgrid system will still be too expensive for the commercial market, while the on-grid system with a discount rate of 10% will be viable to use by 2020. The results of the implementation of this scheme show increasing of the total cost efficiency of electricity supply in the Java Madura Bali system.

The effects of Disruptive technologies on Power utility company’s performance; empirical evidence from Indonesia

Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, 2021

The power utility industry is in the midst of transition driven by three global movements; de-car... more The power utility industry is in the midst of transition driven by three global movements; de-carbonisation, de-centralisation and digitalisation. The 4.0 revolution direct the electricity environment is becoming more complex than ever before, with rapidly evolving disruptive technologies. This study is to assess empirically how such disruptive technology affect power utility industry. The three most disruptive technologies have been investigated; solar PV, battery energy storage and smart grid. Based on 336 engineers' reviews from 118 business unit of Indonesia Electricity State Company, it is found that not all disruptive technology does negatively affect the firm performance. The customer pulls and digitalisation as the antecedents of the disruptive technology have been assessed. Instead of their negative impact, the firms can utilise certain disruptive innovation to be beneficial for their competitive advantages if they know a way to deal with it.

Optimal Sizing and Performance Assessment of a Hybrid Diesel and Photovoltaic with Battery Storage Limited by a Take-or-Pay Contract of Power Purchase Agreement in Nusa Penida Island, Indonesia

International Journal of Renewable Energy Research, 2021

In remote and rural areas where diesel generators are usually employed for electricity production... more In remote and rural areas where diesel generators are usually employed for electricity production, Photovoltaic (PV) panels combined with Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) can lead affordable and reliable power generation. In this work, a real case study in Nusa Penida Island, Bali Province, Indonesia, is conducted for studying the optimal sizing and performance assessment of a hybrid diesel-PV-BESS system limited by a Take-or-Pay contract of Power Purchase Agreement (PPA). The island's solar irradiance is 5,36 kWh/m 2 /day and 7 x 1.7 MW diesel power plant stations are currently run for fulfilling the island's electricity demand. The stations are embedded into an existing 20 kV distribution grid. Using the electricity demand projection of several representative days in a year, HOMER software is utilized in this work for designing and optimizing the size of PV and BESS integrated to the diesel power generators. In this study, the performance of configurations with four different sizes of PV and BESS are assessed using load flow analysis, short circuit analysis and transient stability analysis. The simulation results demonstrate that the optimal sizing of the hybrid system consists of 10 MWp PV and 10 MWh BESS with Levelized Cost of Energy of 9.45 cents USD/kWh. It lowers 40% of the current cost. Considering the initial, maintenance, replacement and fuel costs, the net present cost of the optimal configuration is 135,306,800 USD. This study confirms that the renewable energy penetration in remote and rural islands can be increased by optimally utilizing energy storage.

Impact of Optical Current Transformer on Protection scheme of Hybrid Transmission line

by zainal arifin and Muhammad Zulham Kentjie

Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2021

Continuity of power transmission is important to ensure the reliability of the electricity supply... more Continuity of power transmission is important to ensure the reliability of the electricity supply. As most system faults are temporary, the auto reclose (AR) scheme has been used extensively to minimise the outage duration, prevent widespread outages, thus increase system stability. Meanwhile, the hybrid transmission line (HTL) combining overhead line (OHL) and high voltage cable has been introduced to provide an inexpensive solution for an urban power grid. Protecting HTL with a conventional protection system would forbid the operation of the AR scheme due to difficulty to ensure whether the fault occurred on the OHL or cable section. Therefore, the circulating current protection (CCP) scheme is used in the cable section to ensure the fault location and block the AR scheme. The technology of an optical current transformer (OCT) as one of the non-conventional instrument transformers (NCIT) has emerged to provide a solution to drawbacks on the conventional current transformer (CCT). Consequently, this paper investigated the impact of using OCT over the CCT for CCP of the HTL. The result shows that OCT could be used for CCP on much longer cable sections thus increase its reliability as the AR scheme can be used on longer or multiple cable section.

Battery Energy Storage System as Frequency Control at Substation based on Defense Scheme Mechanism

Conference: 2021 International Seminar on Intelligent Technology and Its Applications (ISITIA), 2021

Battery Energy Storage System is generally installed to improve reliability in the power grid sys... more Battery Energy Storage System is generally installed to improve reliability in the power grid system, to increase the integration of various energy resources to the grid and to match between power generation supply and load demand in order to enable power operating system more stable and reliable. In power system network, BESS has ability to do a quick response for regulating the grid frequency caused by some interferences. For dealing with such interferences the utilities have applied a defiance scheme mechanism to prevent the gird blackout due to a rapid change of the frequency for a while. This study investigates the role of Battery Energy Storage System as a frequency controller combining with the defense scheme at the high voltage network. Some defense Scheme indicators within Battery Energy Storage System at a substation has been assessed through a software modelling. The results show that Battery Energy Storage System at Substation is able to increase the reliability of grid by such frequency regulation.

An Optimum Financing Scheme for Baseload Thin-Film and Monocrystalline PV Plants in Indonesia

International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 2021

This paper investigates the most optimum financing scheme for medium-scale grid-connected photovo... more This paper investigates the most optimum financing scheme for medium-scale grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) plant investments in Indonesia. Eleven (11) financing schemes, composed through the combination of Viability Gap Fund (VGF), international grant, tax incentives, and low loan interest, are studied. The electricity tariff resulted from each financing scheme is analyzed and compared to the applicable feed-in tariff to find the optimum financing scheme. Moreover, this paper also includes two types of PV modules, such as thin-film and monocrystalline. The result shows that the funding combination consists of 50% of capital expenditure (CAPEX) from VGF provided by the Government of Indonesia (GoI), 30% of CAPEX provided by the international grant, and 5% of loan interest results in the optimum financing scheme. The resulting electricity tariffs from this financing scheme are 571.04 IDR/kWh and 761.76 IDR/kWh for thin-film and monocrystalline PV plants, respectively, which is below the lowest existing feed-in tariff (985 IDR/kWh).

Heat Conversion Design Using Peltier Thermoelectrics with Greenhouse Effect Heating System and Mobile Nitrogen Cooler Following the Sun Position

2023 International Conference on Networking, Electrical Engineering, Computer Science, and Technology (IConNECT), 2023

A solar thermal-to-electricity conversion system that optimizes the temperature difference betwee... more A solar thermal-to-electricity conversion system that optimizes the temperature difference between hot and cold sources has been designed using Peltier thermoelectric. The system consists of three main components, namely the heating system, cooler, and drive to position the prototype following the direction of motion of the sun. With a greenhouse effect concept, the heating system at the top keeps the temperature in the acrylic room warm. The hot side of the Peltier is placed with an aluminum plate and andesite stone as heat conductors and storage. The cooling system uses a metal-wrapped fluid as a source of cold temperature equipped with temperaturereducing aluminum foil and nitrogen gas to keep the fluid at a low temperature. Finally, the drive system uses a hydraulic to move the design module following the direction of motion of the sun, whose light will be focused by a convex lens to concentrate. The Peltier is assembled in series and step-up to increase the output voltage to produce maximum results. This prototype design can hopefully contribute to the development of renewable energy.

Increasing performance of chiller systems in high-rise buildings by load optioptimizmization

International Journal of Applied Power Engineering, 2024

Recently, the construction of high-rise buildings has been increasing significantly along with ec... more Recently, the construction of high-rise buildings has been increasing significantly along with economic growth. Therefore, electricity is also going up due to the energy demand of the building. The air conditioning system is the enormous energy consumption in high buildings. The green building concept has been introduced regarding the energy efficiency of a high-rise building. This study investigated the energy consumption in a high building (47 floors) using the load optimization method for the chiller system. The load optimization was conducted by configuring five chillers systems consisting of integral compressors, cooling towers, and pumps. This study obtained the decreasing energy consumption by the chiller's operation load sequencing based on 24-hour data optimization. Optimized chiller performance satisfied the green building standards. However, load optimization on high buildings is highly recommended as an effective way to achieve green building status. Further research is recommended for implementing such optimization at other facilities, such as industrial plants, hospitals, airports, and manufacturing plants.

Opportunity Assessment of Virtual Power Plant Implementation for Sustainable Renewable Energy Development in Indonesia Power System Network

Sustainability, 2024

Renewable energy sources have become one of the important roles for sustainable energy developmen... more Renewable energy sources have become one of the important roles for sustainable energy development. One of the promising mechanisms to deploy renewable energy is through a Virtual Power Plant (VPP), which can integrate various distributed renewable energy resources into a single controllable and deployable entity. This paper examines the opportunity for VPP adoption in Indonesia, which investigates the minimum implementation criteria, provides a gap analysis for VPP implementation, and proposes recommendations for VPP implementation in Indonesia. The implementation criteria are obtained from the literature review, including the lessons learned from other countries, and categorized into four aspects: regulatory, technical, economic, and social. The gap analysis is performed by evaluating the current state of Indonesia’s utility network in correlation with the VPP minimum implementation criteria and then provides a scoring matrix for each criterion. Lastly, the recommendations are arranged to narrow these gaps, organized into ten key focus points, and divided into four phases:, initiation, preparation, piloting, and deployment, across a ten-year timeframe.

Economic analysis of cost-based load shifting implementation on large utility systems using battery energy storage system

International Journal of Sustainable Energy, 2023

Advances in energy storage technology have allowed the application of load shifting in the utilit... more Advances in energy storage technology have allowed the application of load shifting in the utility grid for a more efficient power system operation. However, the economy of the Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) application is not linear to the cost reduction obtained from excluding the costly generators. This paper presents the economic analysis of cost-based load shifting implementation and an approach to determine the generation units to be deactivated and replaced by BESS on three large-scale power grids in Indonesia: Sumbagut, Sumbagteng, and Sumbagsel systems. The economic feasibility is evaluated using the Net Present Value (NPV), considering the savings and the BESS investment cost. The result shows that the proposed approach is more robust than the conventional methods, such as removing the most expensive units, units with the highest cost reduction, units with the best economic return contribution, or the maximum number of units that can be replaced.

Investigation of Ash-Related Problem on Sequential Feeding Method for Coal Co-Combustion in Drop Tube Furnace

Combustion Science and Technology, 2023

In this study, sequential feeding method was conducted due to some coal-fired power plants not be... more In this study, sequential feeding method was conducted due to some coal-fired power plants not being equipped by coal blending facility. Its effect on ash-related problem was investigated using drop tube furnace combustion test and ash particle observation method. AUS coal (low-slagging risk sample) and KT coal (high-slagging risk sample) were used to obtain AK-1 coal and AK-2 coal. AK-1 coal was a coal sample of out-furnace blending method, while AK-2 coal was coal sample of sequential feeding method. AK-1 probe tended to be more similar to AUS coal with only a small spot of ash attached on the probe surface. Meanwhile, AK-2 probe had more ash attached on the probe surface, indicating more severe slagging than AK-1 probe. According to ash morphology, the result indicated that the upper layer of slag tended to be more similar to AUS coal ash, while initial layer of slag of AK-2 coal contained more KT coal ash. Based on ash mineralogy, sodium in AK-2 coal was distributed evenly which was different with AK-1 coal. This result shows that sequential feeding method is not applicable to reduce slagging and fouling risk of KT coal.

Smart Grid Pilot Project Evaluation and Recommendations in Indonesia: Case Study of Semau Island

IEEExplore, 2023

The Indonesian national electric company (PT. PLN) has aimed to increase the level of electrifica... more The Indonesian national electric company (PT. PLN) has aimed to increase the level of electrification to provide a better life for citizens. However, the dispersion of citizens in remote islands challenges the electrification infrastructure and services. Nevertheless, some strategies have been implemented to pass the challenges, including the adoption of the emerging technology smart grid. The smart grid is adopted to solve specific problems of electrical power services for small remote islands with limited energy resources. Although various problems challenge development, smart grid development should follow its comprehensive aims. Therefore, an assessment method is needed to evaluate the smart grid to expose the advantages and disadvantages of the existing design. Furthermore, based on the evaluation results, recommendations can be delivered to increase the performance of the smart grid. Furthermore, the evaluation and recommendations can be used to improve the design of the next smart grid project. Finally, a smart grid on the remote island of Semau is used for a case study.

Implementation of Battery Energy Storage System at Cirata PV solar floating for Reducing the Electricity Cost Production on Jamali grid

AIP Conference Proceedings 2517, 030003 (2023), 2023

Along with the exponential growth of renewable energy penetration to the grid, the role of batter... more Along with the exponential growth of renewable energy penetration to the grid, the role of battery energy storage to create gird more flexible has been significantly increasing. There are two main functions of battery storage on grid; load shifting and load smoothing. The utilization of battery storage does not only create some technical beneficial such as reliability and flexibility but also a financial cost saving. This study investigates the implementation of lithiumion battery storage system at PV floating farm for reducing the electricity cost production on the grid system. The financial feasibility is conducted through a spread sheet financial modelling based on life cycle cost and levelized cost of electricity. The impact of PV floating with BESS to the grid is tested by a power system tool ETAP. This study found that the implementation of BESS at PV floating farm is potentially reducing the electricity cost production based on both full store and partial store scenarios. The difference of financial cost saving between both scenarios is not significant. Other finding is the implementation of BESS with PV floating does not affect significantly the grid system stability. The result of the study is useful for energy developer and buyer or off taker to define the right cost of power purchasing agreement for battery energy storage system application. It also supports the utility firms that want to utilize the storage technology for achieving more flexible, reliable and resilient of their grid. Further research is recommended to study a capacity optimization of battery storage to the PV farm, to investigate more unit analysis, to asses' various capacity of battery and to analyze it at different grid system

Techno-Economic Analysis of Co-firing for Pulverized Coal Boilers Power Plant in Indonesia

International Journal of Renewable Energy Developme, 2023

The utilization of co-firing (coal-biomass) in existing coal-fired power plants (CFPPs) is the fa... more The utilization of co-firing (coal-biomass) in existing coal-fired power plants (CFPPs) is the fastest and most effective way to increase the renewable energy mix, which has been dominated by pulverized coal (PC) boilers, particularly in the Indonesian context. This study aims to investigate the technical and economic aspects of co-firing by conducting a pilot project of three PC boiler plants and capturing several preliminary figures before being implemented for the entire plants in Indonesia. Various measured variables, such as plant efficiency, furnace exit gas temperature (FEGT), fuel characteristic, generating cost (GC), and flue gas emissions, were identified and compared between coal-firing and 5%-biomass co-firing. The result from three different capacities of CFPP shows that co-firing impacts the efficiency of the plant corresponding to biomass heating value linearly and has an insignificant impact on FEGT. Regarding environmental impact, co-firing has a high potential to reduce SO2 and NOx emissions depending on the sulfur and nitrogen content of biomass. SO2 emission decreases by a maximum of 34% and a minimum of 1.88%. While according to economic evaluation, the average electricity GC increases by about 0.25 USD cent/kWh due to biomass price per unit of energy is higher than coal by 0.64×10-3 USD cent/kcal. The accumulation in the one-year operation of 5%-biomass co-firing with a 70% capacity factor produced 285,676 MWh of green energy, equal to 323,749 tCO2e and 143,474 USD of carbon credit. The biomass prices sensitivity analysis found that the fuel price per unit of energy between biomass and coal was the significant parameter to the GC changes.

Comparison of Medium-Term Load Forecasting Methods (Splitted Linear Regression and Artificial Neural Networks) in Electricity Systems Located in Tropical Regions

Conference: 2022 3rd International Conference on Clean and Green Energy Engineering (CGEE), 2022

Load forecasting for the medium term to supply power plants within 1 month, can optimize the econ... more Load forecasting for the medium term to supply power plants within 1 month, can optimize the economic dispatch of generators that will be used to supply large systems. The accuracy of forecasting the half-hourly load will result in a more efficient electricity supply in a system that uses flat rates on the utility side. In this paper, the author tries to compare the forecasting methods of linear regression, Artificial Neural Networks, and Splitted Linear Regression. This method is applied to the largest system in Indonesia, a country located at the tropical region which has different characteristics from countries that have four seasons. At the end of this study, it can be concluded that the Splitted Linear Regression method has the highest performance with the lowest MAPE value of 2.63%.

Indonesia Solar Market Projection for 2021-2030

European Conference on Renewable Energy Systems, 2022

The availability of the projected solar power market in Indonesia is affected by the lower cost a... more The availability of the projected solar power market in Indonesia is affected by the lower cost and business of solar power systems. In this study, projection of solar power panel system market for 2021-2030 periods calculated by the aid of analyzing the data provided by Indonesian State Electricity Enterprise (PLN), International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), and US Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). There are three market types such as optimistic, medium, and low were identified. The Solar power system market might reach 37 GWp by 2030 for the optimistic market (3% of the total energy required by 2030) and 13 GWp for a low market. Based on IRENA data, an optimum scenario for the solar power system market is likely to reach 34 GWp in 2030, while National Energy Master Plan (RUEN) data projects will be 13 GWp for low market scenarios. The scenarios are in line with the 2024 PLN transformation plan.

Socio-Economic Analysis of Renewable Energy Based on Community at Small Isolated Island in Indonesia

Conference: European Conference on Renewable Energy Systems, 2022

Indonesia as an archipelago country has thousands of islands. Some small-isolated islands do not ... more Indonesia as an archipelago country has thousands of islands. Some small-isolated islands do not have electricity access supplied by PLN (Indonesia Electricity Company). One of them is Selayar in South Sulawesi which cannot be reached by PLN due to terrain conditions where it is impossible to build the electricity distribution lines. This study aims to determine the potential of renewable energy sources that allow them to be used as electrical energy and reduce the shortage of electrical energy in the Selayar islands. The case studies were performed using HOMER software with various scenarios were investigated between solar, wind, and biomass. The lowest Levelized Cost of Electricity value is obtained for biomass and hybrid Solar-biomass, which are IDR1.496/kWh and IDR1.468/kWh. Between the two technologies, biomass is a technology that can be calculated both in terms of potential and price. In addition, Selayar islands can produce coconut around 21.170 tons/year. To support the government program called REBED (Renewable Energy Based Economic Development), briquettes can not only be used as a source of electrical energy but also can have an impact on the economy of the local community. By forming a briquette business unit, residents have job options and other abilities.

Technology Selection of Solar PV for Household and Small Industries in Indonesia

International Conference on Converging Technology in Electrical and Information Engineering (ICCTEIE), 2021

Energy demand is increasing up to 31 GWp by 2030 according to International Renewable Energy Agen... more Energy demand is increasing up to 31 GWp by 2030 according to International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) in Indonesia. It is recommended that State Electricity Enterprise (PLN) to be involved in the solar PV business to maintain the sustainability of Indonesia’s energy. Therefore, it is necessary to select the correct solar panel technology adapted to the culture of the Indonesian market, meanwhile to ensure minimal loss and increase the competitive advantages for PLN in the future. This study aims to make technology selection of solar PV for household and small industries needed by Indonesian’s market by some criteria selection. Criteria selection of solar PV obtained from the readiness of manufacturing and maturity of the technology. These criteria selection is used in selecting basic material and solar panel technology. Material criteria selection consists of material availability in Indonesia, annual degradation of efficiency, the amount of toxicity contained in the material, and the basic price of the material. Meanwhile, technology criteria selection consists of efficiency, wp/cm2, LCOE, lifetime, and maturity of solar panel technology. The result from the national and international solar PV manufacturer survey is used for modeling and simulating solar PV selection for Indonesia. The result of the study shows that the most suitable material and panel used recently and also for the future. It also shows a great opportunity for the utility to be involved in the solar PV business. This is subject to future changes depend on price, availability, and new technology in the future.

Disruptive Innovation Tinjauan Multi Aspek Book

Electricity Tariff Simulation on The Largest Electric Power System in Indonesia Using The Time Of Use and Critical Peak Pricing Schemes Based on Revenue Neutrality

IEEE 4th International Conference on Power and Energy Applications (ICPEA), 2021

The current dynamic tariff has become a trend in developing countries, especially in the electric... more The current dynamic tariff has become a trend in developing countries, especially in the electricity sector. Flat tariff on electricity costumers causes the cost of electricity to be less optimal. In Indonesia, the second highest costumer group after industry is residential customer, who has 37,6 % of total electrical energy consumption. So naturally the load curve tends to approach the curve of residential needs. In the Java Madura Bali system, the peak load of a residential customer occurs at the same time as the peak load on the system. If load shifting scheme of the electrical energy consumption of the residential customer can be applied, it will give a big impact on the system. The peak load is borne by the power plants which generally have expensive operational costs. By the reduction of peak load using load shifting scheme, a significant increase of system efficiency will be obtained. This paper develops a method of determination of a dynamic tariff combination scheme, Time of Use (TOU) and Critical Peak Pricing (CPP) based on revenue neutrality. The scheme is simulated to residential customers in the Java Bali Madura system. From several scenarios, the results of the implementation of this scheme show the increasing of the total cost efficiency of electricity supply in the Java Madura Bali system.

Solar Levelized Cost of Energy Projection in Indonesia

International Conference on Technology and Policy in Energy and Electric Power (ICT-PEP), 2021

Solar Levelized Cost of Energy is influenced by a multitude of factors such as investment costs f... more Solar Levelized Cost of Energy is influenced by a multitude of factors such as investment costs for material and product, operational and maintenance costs, solar cell lifetime, degradation, as well as installation region. This study aims to clarify the current vague details of Solar LCOE in Indonesia. Moreover, projection of Solar LCOE in Indonesia is calculated from 2020 to 2050, covering aspects such as cost, system configuration with and without batteries, location, and effectiveness of different panel types. Based on NREL and SunPower LCOE formulas as well as data from recent market data and onsite survey. Models of On-Grid Silicon-based Solar Panel System without batteries (Model A) and with battery capacities (1x, 1.5x) of PV module as well as an identical Off-Grid system (Model B) with battery capacities (2.5x, 3x) of PV module are described. The study shows that the LCOE of Model A with 10% discount rate in 2020 will reach grid parity at year 2050 with a predicted rate of IDR 547/kWh, meanwhile until the year 2030, LCOE of Model B with a discount rate of 10% will not reach grid parity. Overall, it can be concluded that an offgrid system will still be too expensive for the commercial market, while the on-grid system with a discount rate of 10% will be viable to use by 2020. The results of the implementation of this scheme show increasing of the total cost efficiency of electricity supply in the Java Madura Bali system.

The effects of Disruptive technologies on Power utility company’s performance; empirical evidence from Indonesia

Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, 2021

The power utility industry is in the midst of transition driven by three global movements; de-car... more The power utility industry is in the midst of transition driven by three global movements; de-carbonisation, de-centralisation and digitalisation. The 4.0 revolution direct the electricity environment is becoming more complex than ever before, with rapidly evolving disruptive technologies. This study is to assess empirically how such disruptive technology affect power utility industry. The three most disruptive technologies have been investigated; solar PV, battery energy storage and smart grid. Based on 336 engineers' reviews from 118 business unit of Indonesia Electricity State Company, it is found that not all disruptive technology does negatively affect the firm performance. The customer pulls and digitalisation as the antecedents of the disruptive technology have been assessed. Instead of their negative impact, the firms can utilise certain disruptive innovation to be beneficial for their competitive advantages if they know a way to deal with it.

Optimal Sizing and Performance Assessment of a Hybrid Diesel and Photovoltaic with Battery Storage Limited by a Take-or-Pay Contract of Power Purchase Agreement in Nusa Penida Island, Indonesia

International Journal of Renewable Energy Research, 2021

In remote and rural areas where diesel generators are usually employed for electricity production... more In remote and rural areas where diesel generators are usually employed for electricity production, Photovoltaic (PV) panels combined with Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) can lead affordable and reliable power generation. In this work, a real case study in Nusa Penida Island, Bali Province, Indonesia, is conducted for studying the optimal sizing and performance assessment of a hybrid diesel-PV-BESS system limited by a Take-or-Pay contract of Power Purchase Agreement (PPA). The island's solar irradiance is 5,36 kWh/m 2 /day and 7 x 1.7 MW diesel power plant stations are currently run for fulfilling the island's electricity demand. The stations are embedded into an existing 20 kV distribution grid. Using the electricity demand projection of several representative days in a year, HOMER software is utilized in this work for designing and optimizing the size of PV and BESS integrated to the diesel power generators. In this study, the performance of configurations with four different sizes of PV and BESS are assessed using load flow analysis, short circuit analysis and transient stability analysis. The simulation results demonstrate that the optimal sizing of the hybrid system consists of 10 MWp PV and 10 MWh BESS with Levelized Cost of Energy of 9.45 cents USD/kWh. It lowers 40% of the current cost. Considering the initial, maintenance, replacement and fuel costs, the net present cost of the optimal configuration is 135,306,800 USD. This study confirms that the renewable energy penetration in remote and rural islands can be increased by optimally utilizing energy storage.

Impact of Optical Current Transformer on Protection scheme of Hybrid Transmission line

by zainal arifin and Muhammad Zulham Kentjie

Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2021

Continuity of power transmission is important to ensure the reliability of the electricity supply... more Continuity of power transmission is important to ensure the reliability of the electricity supply. As most system faults are temporary, the auto reclose (AR) scheme has been used extensively to minimise the outage duration, prevent widespread outages, thus increase system stability. Meanwhile, the hybrid transmission line (HTL) combining overhead line (OHL) and high voltage cable has been introduced to provide an inexpensive solution for an urban power grid. Protecting HTL with a conventional protection system would forbid the operation of the AR scheme due to difficulty to ensure whether the fault occurred on the OHL or cable section. Therefore, the circulating current protection (CCP) scheme is used in the cable section to ensure the fault location and block the AR scheme. The technology of an optical current transformer (OCT) as one of the non-conventional instrument transformers (NCIT) has emerged to provide a solution to drawbacks on the conventional current transformer (CCT). Consequently, this paper investigated the impact of using OCT over the CCT for CCP of the HTL. The result shows that OCT could be used for CCP on much longer cable sections thus increase its reliability as the AR scheme can be used on longer or multiple cable section.

Battery Energy Storage System as Frequency Control at Substation based on Defense Scheme Mechanism

Conference: 2021 International Seminar on Intelligent Technology and Its Applications (ISITIA), 2021

Battery Energy Storage System is generally installed to improve reliability in the power grid sys... more Battery Energy Storage System is generally installed to improve reliability in the power grid system, to increase the integration of various energy resources to the grid and to match between power generation supply and load demand in order to enable power operating system more stable and reliable. In power system network, BESS has ability to do a quick response for regulating the grid frequency caused by some interferences. For dealing with such interferences the utilities have applied a defiance scheme mechanism to prevent the gird blackout due to a rapid change of the frequency for a while. This study investigates the role of Battery Energy Storage System as a frequency controller combining with the defense scheme at the high voltage network. Some defense Scheme indicators within Battery Energy Storage System at a substation has been assessed through a software modelling. The results show that Battery Energy Storage System at Substation is able to increase the reliability of grid by such frequency regulation.

An Optimum Financing Scheme for Baseload Thin-Film and Monocrystalline PV Plants in Indonesia

International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 2021

This paper investigates the most optimum financing scheme for medium-scale grid-connected photovo... more This paper investigates the most optimum financing scheme for medium-scale grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) plant investments in Indonesia. Eleven (11) financing schemes, composed through the combination of Viability Gap Fund (VGF), international grant, tax incentives, and low loan interest, are studied. The electricity tariff resulted from each financing scheme is analyzed and compared to the applicable feed-in tariff to find the optimum financing scheme. Moreover, this paper also includes two types of PV modules, such as thin-film and monocrystalline. The result shows that the funding combination consists of 50% of capital expenditure (CAPEX) from VGF provided by the Government of Indonesia (GoI), 30% of CAPEX provided by the international grant, and 5% of loan interest results in the optimum financing scheme. The resulting electricity tariffs from this financing scheme are 571.04 IDR/kWh and 761.76 IDR/kWh for thin-film and monocrystalline PV plants, respectively, which is below the lowest existing feed-in tariff (985 IDR/kWh).

Renewable Energy Development in Indonesia: Policy and Strategy

Optimization of local RE to increase the electrification ratio in Eastern Indonesia. Innovation f... more Optimization of local RE to increase the electrification ratio in Eastern Indonesia.
Innovation for the existing diesel power plant:
1) Hybrid system with PV or other RE
2) Bio-fuel utilization replacing diesel fuel
Smart grid development to increase RE penetration in to system.
Encourage PV Rooftop development to support energy mix (23 % in 2025).
Large scale capacity procurement.
Strategic Collaboration:
1) Ministry of Forestry for licensing and land use in conservation areas for the development of hydropower / PLTM.
2) Relevant Regional Apparatuses for land acquisition in each region
3) The Indonesian National Police regarding licensing facilities that use blasting for hydropower / PLTM development activities

Electrifying Road Transportation in Indonesia

For powering EV in Indonesia, PLN has sufficient power supplied by the existing power plants. For... more For powering EV in Indonesia, PLN has sufficient power supplied by the existing power plants. For highly utilizing the availability of power supply, PLN want to ask EV owners to do “over night” charging at home (10 pm to 5 am) within discount tariff. PLN will also give incentive for EV owners to increase their home electricity power capacity. PLN wants to develop EVCS with partnership business model through franchising & joint operation Electrifying PLN’s operational vehicles can be began by creating captive market

Utilization Low Rank Coal to be Synthetihic Natural Gas to Strengthten the National Energy Resilience

The fuel oil consumption is increasing continuously led to the increase in import of crude oil an... more The fuel oil consumption is increasing continuously led to the increase in import of crude oil and petroleum products, created the deficit at oil account of Indonesia and increased the fuel subsidy significantly. On the other hand, the expected economic growths together with export obligation led to a demand of natural gas which cannot be met by the local market. Therefore considering the abundant of low rank coal (LRC) availability in domestic market, and the status of coal gasification technology, utilization LRC to be synthetic natural gas (SNG) is highly recommended. This study investigates the feasibility of SNG technically and financially by analyzing the pattern, trend and projection of the national energy, and further examining a scenario to utilize LRC to be SNG. This study found that LRC is mostly feasible converted to be SNG. The proposed gasification is " dry feed entrained flow " technology which can utilize low rank coal as low as 3,500 kcal/kg. The possible SNG options are three scenarios; transport through the existing gas pipeline, in form of CNG and supplied through the existing LNG terminal. The financial analysis shows that SNG is competitive with natural gas if the gas price is above $11/MMBTU and the project IRR is approximately 16.6%. SNG is a viable alternative " new energy " of natural gas which can replace fuel oil for some purposes. It can enhance natural gas supply securilty by diversifying natural gas availibility with " new energy " substitution from abundant cheap LRC, and indeed, strengthen the national energy resilience.

The prospect of Solar Power as a Distributed Power Generation for reducing CO2 Emisssion and Electricity cost production, case study of Indonesia

The feasibility of Solar Power or Photo Voltaic (PV) as a distributed power station at some remot... more The feasibility of Solar Power or Photo Voltaic (PV) as a distributed power station at some remote areas is emerging among renewable energy issues. This study found that Solar Power is highly potential to replace diesel power station at " on grid system " (without battery) and " the day time-off grid system " (stand alone PV which operate during day time within battery as a buffer) in all areas. Solar Power is probably feasible to compete with diesel at " 24 hours off grid system " (stand alone PV within sufficient module and battery capacity) at some areas in Indonesia. However PV is not recommended for " 24 hours Off Grid " at locations which have irradiant less than 5 kWh/m 2 /day (or 5 hours of Equal Sun Hour). Other finding is that the cause of low production output (kWh) is solvable matters regardless the balance score card of the existing PV is still low. In addition for reducing CO2 emission generated by fossil fuel distributed power generation, the development of Solar Power is highly recommended.

The Influence of Externalities and Absorptive Capability on Technology Adoption for Improving Firm's Performance; an Empirical Research of Indonesia Electricity Company

by zainal arifin and FIZ FIRMANZAH

Although TOE (Technology-Organization-Environment) has been considered to be the most effective t... more Although TOE (Technology-Organization-Environment) has been considered to be the most effective tool explaining technology adoption at firm level, it is not sufficient for analyzing technology adoption in relation to firm's performance in dynamic circumstances. This study investigated antecedent of technology adoption by connecting TOE with Dynamic capability factors. The four determinant factors has been identified are externalities, entrepreneurial leadership, slack resources, and absorptive capability. Using 518 respondents representing 222 business unit of Indonesia Electricity Company, the study found that only absorptive capability has positively significance effect to technology adoption. The study also empirically proved that technology adoption is a functional competence/capability which mediates dynamic capabilities to firm's performance. Practically regardless firms need some supporting " hardware " content such as externalities, resources and leadership, a successful technology adoption in firm can't be achieved without excellent " software " capability like absorptive capability. Other finding is the absorptive capability typology organization mapping the eight technology adoption status in organization based on those three determinant factors; externalities, entrepreneurial leadership and slack resources.

Disruptive Innovation Tinjauan Multi Aspek

PT Widina Bhakti Persada, Bandung, 2021

Bunga rampai ini menyajikan fenomena inovasi disruptif dari berbagai sudut pandang yang beragam. ... more Bunga rampai ini menyajikan fenomena inovasi disruptif dari berbagai sudut pandang yang beragam. Keunikannya justru muncul dari unsur keberagamannya ini sehingga lebih memperkaya kajian di bidang inovasi disruptif. Namun tentunya kajian ini masih memiliki limitasi yang beragam dan tidak dirancang untuk memberikan kesimpulan secara sempurna. Meskipun kami mencoba meramu semua tulisan ini agar mudah dan enak dibaca tetapi variasi gaya penulisan, jenis tulisan dan latar belakang penulisnya cenderung membentuk buku ini sebagai bunga rampai dalam arti harafiahnya, yakni layaknya sebuah hidangan campur sari atau “gado-gado” pengetahuan. Suatu kesengajaan jika masing-masing tulisan memang kami sajikan apa adanya. Kami berharap agar “gado-gado” pemikiran ini bisa menyajikan berbagai perspektif tentang fenomena disruptif yang sudah, sedang dan akan terjadi di Indonesia.

Mengapa Adopsi Teknologi Tidak Meningkatkan Daya Saing Perusahaan - Strategic Management Series on Firm Performance

Program Pasca Sarjana Ilmu Manajemen, Universitas Indonesia, 2020

Banyak perusahaan yang membuktikan adopsi teknologi akan meningkatkan daya saingnya. Perusahaan s... more Banyak perusahaan yang membuktikan adopsi teknologi akan meningkatkan daya saingnya. Perusahaan seperti WalMart, Dell, Google, Facebook, Uber, Apple, Netflix telah membuktikanya. Namun keberhasilan tersebut sebenarnya tidak terjadi begitu saja. Riset yang kami lakukan membuktikan bahwa
faktor eskternal (externalities), kepemimpinan kewirausahaan (entrepreneurial leadership), kesiapan sumber daya (resources readiness), dan kemampuan serap (absorptive capability) menjadi penentu keberhasilan. Kemampuan serap menjadi faktor terpenting karena memediasi pengaruh ketiga faktor lainnya terhadap keberhasilan adopsi teknologi. Tanpa kemampuan serap yang memadai untuk mengelola sumber daya, apalagi dalam kondisi lingkungan yang turbulen, keunggulan bersaing perusahaan tidak akan tercipta sehingga adopsi teknologi menjadi tidak efektif. Riset juga menghasilkan tipologi adopsi teknologi dalam suatu perusahaan dapat dipetakan menjadi delapan status; optimal, inovatif, transaksional, organisasional, transformasional, entrepreneurial, slack dan pasif. Tipologi ini berguna sebagai panduan untuk menentukan strategi yang efektif agar adopsi teknologi betul-betul berhasil mendongkrak kinerja perusahaan.

Dynamic Capability and Technology Adoption for Improving Firm's Performance

LAP Lambert Academic Publishing, 2017

This book investigated the effect of Dynamic capability to technology adoption for improving firm... more This book investigated the effect of Dynamic capability to technology adoption for improving firm's performance. The four determinant factors have been identified are externalities, entrepreneurial leadership, resources readiness, and absorptive capability. Using an empirical research at utility industry this study found that there is positively significance relation among the determinant factors, and the technology adoption is proven for a mediating factor of dynamic capability to the firm performance. It shows the three path ways of technology adoption for improving firm’s performance. However all those ways show that only absorptive capability - as a dynamic capability at firm level - has direct significant effect to technology adoption. Hence the successful technology adoption in firm can be only achieved by excellent absorptive capability with supporting from other three determinant factors. Without such dynamic capability for managing the resource, technology adoption will be less effective and does not enhance firm’s performance. This book also proposes a 3D technology adoption organization matrix explaining eight levels of technology adoption in firm (organization).

Inovasi Ketenagalistrikan Indonesia

PLN Research Institute, 2016

Kejayaan bisnis memang banyak bertumpu pada masa lalu, namun bertahan lama oleh karena kekuatan i... more Kejayaan bisnis memang banyak bertumpu pada masa lalu, namun bertahan lama oleh karena kekuatan imajinasi yang menyambut masa depan. Di sinilah pusatnya sumber daya inovasi. PLN sedang menabur benih baru di bidang inovasi. Buku ini menjabarkannya dalam berbagai rantai pasok bisnis kelistrikan sehingga penting dibaca oleh para pemangku kepentingan PLN. "Perubahan mengandung risiko, tetapi bukan tidak bisa dikelola. Pertanyaannya, mau atau tidak! Pertanyaan berikutnya, berani atau tidak! Negeri ini ada untuk masa depan. Jangan biarkan negeri ini dikuasai oleh orang-orang yang masih terperangkap pada masa lalu. Jika kepemimpinan dan kapabilitas organisasi hadir di PLN maka tinggal menunggu waktu saja bahwa PLN akan menjadi innovation-driven company atau perusahaan yang berumur panjang yang pada gilirannya terus berkinerja unggul. Hal ini tentunya menjadi harapan seluruh karyawan PLN, pemerintah, dan masyarakat Indonesia."
Buku ini disusun dalam 19 bab menurut logika sistematika inovasi Input, Process, Output, dan Outcome. Buku ini juga menampilkan 19 karya inovasi ketenagalistrikan PLN. Karya-karya unggulan tersebut menampilkan inovasi-inovasi yang sudah terbukti meningkatkan kinerja perusahaan dan memperoleh apresiasi dari para pemangku kepentingan PLN.

Adopsi Teknologi untuk Keunggulan Daya Saing

PLN Research Institute, 2017

Faktor-faktor penentu apa saja yang mempengaruhi keberhasilan adopsi teknologi? Buku ini dimulai... more Faktor-faktor penentu apa saja yang mempengaruhi keberhasilan adopsi teknologi?
Buku ini dimulai dengan pendahuluan yang menjelaskan bagaimana relasi antara perubahan sosial dan perkembangan teknologi. Kemudian bab kedua menjelaskan secara fundamental dua terminologi dasar dari topik utama buku ini yaitu teknologi dan adopsi teknologi, dilanjutkan pembahasan mendasar teori-teori atau konsep terkait adopsi teknologi. Bab selanjutnya menjelaskan praktek-praktek adopsi teknologi berdasarkan kontek dan kontennya. Kontek terjadinya adopsi teknologi dibagi menjadi empat ruang lingkup; nasional, industri, perusahaan dan organisasi nir laba. Bab keempat menjelaskan secara rinci relasi antara utilisasi teknologi dengan keunggulan daya saing pada skala nasional maupun lingkup perusahaan. Bab kelima mengulas tentang status teknologi termasuk konsep Technology Readiness Level (TRL) dan disruptive technology. Bab keenam mengulas pentingnya sistem manajemen teknologi (technology management system) pada suatu perusahaan. Buku ini ditutup oleh pembahasan bagaimana strategi yang tepat untuk memanfaatkan teknologi bagi peningkatan kinerja perusahaan melalui model pendekatan organisasi.

Potensi dan Prospek Bisnis Blue Energy di Indonesia

INDONESIA BLUE ENERGY FOR BLUE ECONOMY CENTRE (IBEC) WORKSHOP, 2022

Potensi PLTAL di Indonesia mencapai 18.000 MW, namun belum satupun PLTAL yang beroperasi secara k... more Potensi PLTAL di Indonesia mencapai 18.000 MW, namun belum satupun PLTAL yang beroperasi secara komersial. Perkembangan Blue Energy secara global juga lambat, di tahun 2022 kapasitas total Tidal Stream 39,6 MW dan Wave Energy 24,7 MW dan terkonsentrasi di negara-negara Eropa. Pada tahun 2022 diperkirakan ada tambahan 6,3 MW dengan biaya investasi sekitar Euro 70 juta. Berdasarkan perkembangan teknologi, terdapat dua tipe PLTGL yang telah mencapai TRL 8 dan menuju tahapan produksi masal: 1) Oscillating Water Column (OWC) 2) Floating Buoy. Tantangan utama pengembangan Blue Energy adalah masih mahalnya biaya investasi, misalnya PLTGL Wave Swell Energy (WSE) di Australia yang telah beroperasi selama 1 tahun dengan kapasitas 1 MW LCOEnya masih sebesar 50 cent$/kWh. Kelayakan bisnis Blue Energy sangat sensitif terhadap skala proyek. Contohnya PLTGL Wave Swell Energy (WSE) di Australia yang bisa kompetitif dengan PLTD dengan LCOE 40 cent$/kWh jika kapasitasnya minimal 3 MW. Contoh lain, PLTGL di Pulau Tanimbar, Maluku diperkirakan akan lebih rendah dari BPP setempat jika dibangun dengan kapasitas minimal 11 MW.

Technology, Innovation and Business Model for Energy Transition

International Conference on Technology and Policy in Energy and Electric Power (ICT-PEP) 2022, 2022

Pushed by Trilemma Energy and Energy Transition, the Energy Utility industry is in the midst of a... more Pushed by Trilemma Energy and Energy Transition, the Energy Utility industry is in the midst of a transformation. Energy Transition has created Disruptive Technologies and some game-changing disruptions. Disruptive technologies has different impacts to firm performance. To have beneficial of those technologies, utility does not need only skill for exploiting them deeper but also for exploring them to be something beneficial new. For dealing with Energy Transition, PLN focusing its technology and innovation to four clusters: 1. Low Carbon 2. Digitalization 3. Grid Reinforcement 4. Demand Creation Energy Transition not only about technology but also enabler for: 1. New Business Model 2. New Competencies

Carbon Capture Storage (CCS) application for longer-term Coal plant utilization in Indonesia

PLN International Webinar on Designing Carbon Neutral Roadmap, 2022

Though recently the CCS/CCUS is emerging as a part of Low carbon technology, its implementation f... more Though recently the CCS/CCUS is emerging as a part of Low carbon technology, its implementation for Power Generation is still early beginning including in Indonesia. Nowadays, the adoption of CCS/CCUS for Power Generation is highly expensive. In Indonesia’s case, the cost of electricity would be about double. CCS implementation on Coal-fired power plants (CFPP) will increase the LCOE so that is comparable in cost to other technologies (geothermal and gas-fired combined cycle) in Indonesia. Some challenging issues of CCS/CSUS application in Power Generation especially CFPP: CO2 captured vs power output, CO2 infrastructure includes storage availability, Maturity (TRL) of the available technology and Earlier phase-out of coal-fired power plant scenario. Regarding the technology development and Climate global trend, an updated study of CCS implementation on Power generation in Indonesia is needed.

The Feasibility of Hydrogen for Power Generation in Indonesia

ITB - Mitsubishi Lecture Series, 2022

Though Hydrogen in Indonesia is still early beginning, its potential is huge. The estimated H2 pr... more Though Hydrogen in Indonesia is still early beginning, its potential is huge. The estimated H2 production from Renewable is 48.8 Mil. tons/year. It can be utilized for power application with a potential capacity of about16.3 GW through:▪ Fuel cell for small size system▪ Co-firing Gas Turbine for large scale system. Hydrogen is a low carbon technology with a lot of potentials but:▪ Has a very low energy density → hard and expensive to store and move around▪ Some technical issues for Gas Turbine performance▪ The development of hydrogen infrastructure is low,

Indonesia Technology implementation toward Renewable Energy Transition

The 15th Metallurgy and Materials' Week, 2021

The recent emerging technologies: 1) Technologies for Energy Transition 2) Technologies for Grid ... more The recent emerging technologies: 1) Technologies for Energy Transition 2) Technologies for Grid reinforcement. Some materials and metals are used for Low Carbon Technology. Then some technologies have been implemented for the Energy transition in Indonesia: 1. Co-firing biomass for Coal-fired power plants 2. Floating PV Solar 3. PV rooftop 4. Wind Farm 5. Low loss Conductor for Transmission line 6. Amorphous Distribution Transformers 7. Battery Energy Storage System

Tantangan dan Peluang Ketenagalistrikan Indonesia dalam era Transisi Energi

Conference: PJB Connect 2021, 2021

Selain menghadapi tantangan trilemma energy (reliability, affordability dan reliability), perusah... more Selain menghadapi tantangan trilemma energy (reliability, affordability dan reliability), perusahaan utilitas termasuk PLN juga mengalami Energy Transition yang dikendalikan tiga fenomena global: Decarbonization, Digitalization dan Decentralization. Decarbonization bisa menjadi tentangan sekaligus peluang buat PLN. Digitalization merupakan peluang untuk meningkatkan efisiensi, keandalan dan lifetime aset ketenagalistrikan. Sedangkan decentralization lebih merupakan ancaman bagi perusahaan utilitas energi seperti PLN (contohnya adalah invasi PLTS atap). Transisi energi ini membutuhkan berbagai jenis kompetensi dan kepakaran baru.

Powering Scattered Isolated areas in Indonesia; Strategy and Challenges

Conference: International Conference 2021 Mastering Energy Supply for Isolated Areas, 2021

For powering some scattered isolated areas in Indonesia PLN still heavily depend on the Diesel po... more For powering some scattered isolated areas in Indonesia PLN still heavily depend on the Diesel power station. PLN has done several technology implementations for powering scattered isolated areas. The recent strategy for reducing Diesel role: 1. Converting the Diesel to Renewable energy power 2. Gasification of Diesel However, for powering the scattered isolated area, there are some technical and non-technical challenging issues.

Accelerating the Energy Transition for Strengthening Indonesia Energy Resiliency

5th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 2021, 2021

Indonesia Energy resiliency is mostly “critical”, its dependency on imported fuel and LPG is gett... more Indonesia Energy resiliency is mostly “critical”, its dependency on imported fuel and LPG is getting bigger so that it increases “Economic Vulnerability” (CAD, growth, foreign exchange etc.). The two main challenging of energy resiliency: 1. Crude oil production is decreasing, imports of crude and fuel, especially gasoline, continue to increase 2. LPG is still imported and continues to increase significantly Energy Transition driven by 3D (Decarbonization, Digitalization & Decentralization) makes Electricity more needed and Renewable Energy more dominant: Government CQ. The Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources has made a Grand Strategy to improve National Energy Security PLN has had a 2060 Carbon Neutral road map to improve Energy Security and to anticipate the Energy Transition Some breakthroughs for accelerating the improvement: - Co firing Coal-fired power plants - Floating PV solar - Dieselization - PV rooftop - Establishing Indonesia Battery Corporation

How to be Millenial Innovator

The Global Innovation Summit - Senat Mahasiswa Institut Teknologi PLN, 2021

Why we innovate? Because some problem needs to be solved, there is unsatisfied people and the dre... more Why we innovate? Because some problem needs to be solved, there is unsatisfied people and the dream we would like to realize. For business, innovate is a key solution to be a competitive advantage firm. In nation context, innovation is also determinant factor for country’s global competitiveness. In general, innovation will solve the problem through implemented idea to create added value for all stakeholders. The innovation process mostly like a funnel; idea development, concept development and commercial launch. Innovation combines both divergence and convergence ways. There are several methods for doing an innovation. To be an effective innovator, someone should have DNA innovator. It includes courage to innovate, behavioral skills, cognitive skills and innovative ideas. There is innovation event such as competition, bootcamp, workshop and so on, is suitable for millennial who want to be an innovator. One of the best ways is to learn from the successful innovator through a multi media tools such as movie. However, the best challenges to be a millennial innovator is the innovation myth. First, Innovation is all about technology. Second, more resources equal more innovation. Third, only a big bang counts as a success. Fourth, Innovation - and the growth that results from it is simply random and unpredictable. And the last is You can’t teach people how to be more innovative.

EV Infrastructure and Ecosystem Development in Indonesia

Webinar Mobil Listrik, Pasca Sarjana Magister Energi, Universitas Diponegoro, 2021

Indonesian Law of Acceleration Program of Battery Electric Vehicle for Road Transportation Articl... more Indonesian Law of Acceleration Program of Battery Electric Vehicle for Road Transportation Article 3 has objectives:1).Acceleration for developing national BEV industry, 2) Incentives, 3)Development of EV infrastructure and regulation of charging tariff for EV, 4)compliance with BEV technical requirements,and 5).protection of the environment. The EV infrastructure consist of:1)Electric Vehicle Charging Station, 2) Battery Swap facility. At the first stage the provision of EV infrastructure was conducted through an assignment to PLN. For developing it, PLN can cooperate with other companies in accordance with the law.

Peluang Pemanfaatan Energy Storage berbasis Hydrogen/NH 3 di Sistem Ketenagalistrikan di Indonesia

Webinar Series Pusat Pengembangan Energi Baru dan Terbarukan, Bandung Institute of Technology, 2021

Saat ini Indonesia mengalami “over capacity” sekitar 14 GW yang hanya berfungsi sebagai cadangan ... more Saat ini Indonesia mengalami “over capacity” sekitar 14 GW yang hanya berfungsi sebagai cadangan dan hampir seluruhnya dipasok oleh PLTU milik IPP. PLN sebagai off-taker membayar penalti “take or pay” sebagai konsekwensi tidak mampu menyerap produksi PLTU IPP sesuai batasan minimal kontrak. Pemerintah mempunyai target menaikkan kontribusi Renewable Energy sampai 23% bauran energi nasional di tahun 2025. Sebagian berasal dari VRE (Variable Renewable Energy) yaitu PLTS (Solar power) dan PLTBayu (Wind energy). Mengantisipasi kelebihan pasokan PLTU dan intermittency dari VRE tersebut, diperlukan teknologi storage yang salah satunya adalah Hydrogen dengan NH3. Terdapat potensi kebutuhan energy storage pada sistem ketenaglistrikan di Indonesia sekitar 3 GW sampai tahun 2026 dengan tiga jenis implementasi: Co-location RE, Intermittency RE dan Energy arbitrage di sistem-sistem besar. Pemanfaatan energi storage berbasis Hydrogen tipe NH3 menghadapi 3 tantangan utama: finansial (biaya relatif tinggi, kompetisi harga dengan teknologi storage lain), teknis (ketersediaan teknologi yang mature baik proses maupun pembangkit, kompetisi dengan teknologi storage lain), proyek (lokasi dan kapasitas proyek, kualitas SDM dan EPC pelaksana).

CO2 Emissions Reduction for Power Utility Industry

3rd Asian Pollution Control and Sustainable Energy, 2021

CO2 emissions per capita in Indonesia are equivalent to 2.03 tons per person contribute 1.48% wor... more CO2 emissions per capita in Indonesia are equivalent to 2.03 tons per person contribute 1.48% world’s CO2 emission. The Power industry is the largest contributor for CO2 emission in Indonesia. Following the 2015 Paris Agreement, Indonesia has provided a National Determined Contribution (INDC) with an emission reduction target of 29% by 2030 on its own initiative and 41% with international assistance. For this reason, the contribution of Renewable Energy is increased to reach 23% of the primary energy mix in 2025. For reducing CO2 emission for Power utility sector, PLN did and still do several initiatives: 1) Developing 16 GW of Renewable Energy until 2030 2) Fuel switching: a) Diesel to PV Solar + battery, and b) Gasification of the existing Diesel station 3) Biomass co-firing for the existing Coal fired power plants 4) Adopting Low Carbon technologies for Power generation Instead of Power generation emission, PLN has started to roll out Electric Vehicles which is potentially reducing CO2 emission 3 times lower that the existing ICE vehicles.

Innovation of Renewable Energy Implementation

Seminar: Shape The Future of Renewable Energy to the Next Level, Universitas Gadjah Mada, 2021

Sesuai Paris Agreement 2015, Pemerintah RI telah menandatangani a Nationally Determined Contribut... more Sesuai Paris Agreement 2015, Pemerintah RI telah menandatangani a Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) dengan target penurunan emisi sebesar 29% di tahun 2030 atas inisiatif sendiri dan 41% dengan bantuan Internasional. Untuk itu kontribusi Energi Terbarukan ditingkatkan mencapai 23% dari bauran energi primer di tahun 2025. Konversi Kendaraan BBM (ICE) ke KBLBB (EV) merupakan salah satu bentuk Kemandirian Energi dengan mengurangi ketergantungan impor (~ Rp 200 Trilyun) menjadi optimalisasi domestic energy reserve. Penggunaan EV juga dapat mendukung pengurangan emisi CO2, emisi yang dikeluarkan 3 kali lebih sedikit dibanding kendaraan BBM (ICE). Disamping EV, PLN telah dan sedang melakukan berbagai inovasi untuk implementasi Energi Terbarukan yaitu sbb: 1.Smart Micro Grid 2. Co-firing Biomass pada PLTU batu bara 3. PV Solar Floating 4. Bio-Diesel untuk PLTD

The Impact of Energy Transition on Mechanical Engineers

KULTAM Series Teknik Mesin: Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, 2021

The main drivers of “Energy Transition” are De-carbonization, Digitalization and Decentralization... more The main drivers of “Energy Transition” are De-carbonization, Digitalization and Decentralization, create the following trends: 1) Electrification of energy by more “renewable energy” 2) Energy digitalization through more connectivity and IoT 3) Technology progressing to “decentralization” The energy transition has affected and continues to affect the way we do business, socially interact and workforce trend: 1) The energy market will be dominated by digital and renewable energy spending 2) The fossil fuels industry tends to decrease 3) Digitalization support more energy decentralization occur globally The energy transition has created “a Workforce shifting” where some Renewable energy jobs growth is faster than the conservative ones. It needs some new skills and competencies

Prospek PLTN di Indonesia

Transformation Story, Indonesia Power, 2021

Pengembangan PLTN harus bisa menjawab isu-isu terkait Transisi Energi (De-carbonization, Digitali... more Pengembangan PLTN harus bisa menjawab isu-isu terkait Transisi Energi (De-carbonization, Digitalization dan Decentralization) sekaligus mejawab tantangan penyediaan tenaga listrik di Indonesia (efficiency/losses, reliability, resiliency dan sustainability). Secara outward looking, PLTN mempunyai daya saing dalam LCOE, emisi dan safety namun tren pertumbuhannya cenderung turun, penetrasi nuklir tidak seperti yang diharapkan disamping juga masih tingginya opposition dari publik. PLN sudah melakukan beberapa kajian terkait pengembangan PLTN di Indonesia baik bekerjasama dengan pihak lain maupun PLN sendiri. Sesuai inward looking, BPP eksternalitas PLTN masih lebih tinggi dibandingkan PLTU meskipun potensi TKDN-nya di atas 30%. Sampai saat ini belum ada proposal pengembangan PLTN yang utuh dan detail, menggambarkan layak tidaknya teknologi ini sebagai salah satu pembangkit listrik yang ramah lingkungan dengan LCOE yang kompetitif di Indonesia.

Market, Technology and Adoption of PV Solar in Indonesia

Webinar on: Solar PV Adoption, Technology and Business, Airlangga University, 2021

Electrification with more Renewable Power Systemic innovation for enabling Energy Digitalization ... more Electrification with more Renewable Power Systemic innovation for enabling Energy Digitalization Technology is progressing for Decentralization trends  By 2050, electricity could become the central energy carrier.  Gross electricity consumption would more than double, 86% will come from renewable power.  The grid should be "more flexible" to integrate with much RE and all energy resources.

Energy Transition through Smart Grid

Smart Grid Webinar, Finland Embassy in Jakarta, Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland, 2021

1. The main drivers of “Energy Transition” are De-carbonization, Digitalization and Decentralizat... more 1. The main drivers of “Energy Transition” are De-carbonization, Digitalization and Decentralization, create the following trends: a) Electrification of energy by more “renewable energy” b) Energy digitalization through more connectivity and IoT c) Technology progressing to “decentralization” 2. The Smart grid adoption will address the Energy Transition issues: a) Improving efficiency, reliability and resiliency through automation and digitalization along the utility supply chain (digitalization) D1 b) Engagement & empowering Customer to be “PROSUMER” (decentralization) D2 c) Increasing Renewable energy penetration by enabling Grid flexibility (de-carbonization) D3 3. “Overpaid underutilized” of electricity, makes Energy transition in Indonesia will be slower and behind other countries

Smart Grid to Smart Cities

Global Energy & Utilities Digital Week, 2020

Like Energy is on transition, City is transforming. Utility is essential for Smart City, Electric... more Like Energy is on transition, City is transforming. Utility is essential for Smart City, Electricity is basic need for City. Building Smart Grid for developing Smart Cities: 1) Distributed Energy Resources : Clean & Smart Energy, 2) EV infrastructure : Smart Transportation (e-mobility), 3) Advanced Metering Infrastructure, 4) Smart Home 5) Demand Response : Smart Energy Supporting policy : Dynamic pricing, RE certificate. Collaboration Smart Grid and Smart Cities: 1) Infrastructure sharing, 2) Data sharing, 3) Cost sharing.

The Role of Smart Grid in Integrating Renewable Energy

Smart Grid Hybrid System Webinar - Pusat Energi Berkelanjutan ITS, 2020

1. Two main challenging of Renewable Energy: 1) Managing variability and uncertainty 2) Balancing... more 1. Two main challenging of Renewable Energy:
1) Managing variability and uncertainty
2) Balancing supply and demand
2. One of the main objectives of Smart Grid is to make the grid more flexible to integrate with Renewable Energy effectively
3. Smart Grid can integrate Renewable Energy on the grid by:
1) Better forecasting
2) Smart inverters
3) Demand response
4) Integrated storage
5) Real-time system awareness and management

Energy Transition through Smart Grid Development

FGD On Line , 2020

Energy transition mainly driven by 3D (De-carbonization, Digitalization and Decentralization) has... more Energy transition mainly driven by 3D (De-carbonization, Digitalization and Decentralization) has changed and will continuously change the landscape of energy industry. For dealing with the energy transition and its disruption effects, the Smart Grid implementation is one of effective solutions. Smart Grid is huge concept, it is not about technology only but also policy and business model to achieve high efficiency, reliability and sustainability on energy power sector. For successful implementation, it needs “alignment between Policy, Strategy and Action”.

Smart Energy System Market and Business in Indonesia

The smart energy market can be simply defined as the one that constitutes devices that have inbui... more The smart energy market can be simply defined as the one that constitutes devices that have inbuilt digital technology (mostly with artificial intelligence application) to carry out their daily activities within less any human interference. The smart energy technology has been classified by its component and operation. By component it is divided into power, memory, processing and communication interface. While by operation, it is implemented for emission reductions, security of energy supply, reducing carbon foot print, quality service to end user; and by end-user. Regarding its functions, smart energy mostly refers to an advanced system that is cost-effective, sustainable as well as a secure source of various energies. In this system, renewable energy production, infrastructures, and consumption are integrated using such information and communication technology in a way that enables technologies with the smart use of energy service. Practically, the Smart Energy is segmented into type and end-user consisting four major applications: Smart grid, Digital oilfield, Home energy management systems (HEMS) and Smart solar. Based on the end-user target, the smart energy is bifurcated into commercial, residential and industrial sector. Digital oilfield combines business process management with digital technology in order to maximize productivity and minimize costs in oil and gas operations. HEMS technology, on the other hand, allows the user to adopt technology that is comprised of hardware and software and which can be manually controlled to be used in a household. Both of these platforms seek to incorporate digital means of energy consumption and are positive enablers for the growth of the smart energy market. While the smart solar is a Photovoltaic panel system with an integrated DC power optimizer to optimize each panel operate at its maximum power level regardless of how the other panels on the same string are performing. This allows for more energy to be harvested from the smart module PV systems. Then Smart Grid is commonly defined as an Electrical Grid with Automation, Communication and IT systems that can monitor power flows from points of generation to points of consumption (even down to appliances level) and control the power flow or curtail the load to match generation in real time or near real time. The environmental global movement which create the need of clean and green energy significantly has emerged, is one of the main driven of the smart energy growth. With global warming and other climate issues currently a major policy concern for governments around the ...

Penurunan Biaya Pokok Produksi Tenaga Listrik melalui Inovasi Teknologi dan Skema Bisnis di Bidang Pembangkitan

Penurunan BPP tenaga listrik khususnya BPP Pembangkitan perlu dilakukan melalui pengembangan Inov... more Penurunan BPP tenaga listrik khususnya BPP Pembangkitan perlu dilakukan melalui pengembangan Inovasi teknologi dan skema bisnis . Inovasi teknologi pembangkitan melalui “Fuel-Mix Policy” untuk sistem isolated (sd. 1 MW) dimana PLT Biomass menggantikan PLTD , perlu mempertimbangkan keberadaan lahan untuk plantation sebagai security supply of feedstock. Inovasi teknologi pembangkitan melalui “Fuel-Mix Policy” sistem kecil (sd. 10 MW) dimana PLTGB menggantikan PLTD perlu mengutamakan teknologi yang memanfaatkan LRC, teruji (mature), emisi minimal, fuel flexibility dan multi-vendor. Inovasi pemanfaatan teknologi Energi primer berdasarkan “Least Cost” yaitu CNG Plant untuk pembangkit peaker perlu mempertimbangkan ketersediaan gas setempat, harga beli, processing fee dan volume kebutuhan gas (daya pembangkit). Inovasi teknologi “Supporting” untuk pusat pembangkit listrik existing dengan implementasi Coal Dryer untuk PLTU kelas besar (> 300 MW) yang mengalami deviasi kualitas batu bara perlu dilakukan dengan pemilihan jenis teknologi yang efektif dan efisien sesuai disain masing-masing PLTU. Inovasi Skema Bisnis melalui kontrak “No Cure No Pay” perlu dikembangkan untuk proyek-proyek PLN lainnya.

Berinovasi untuk menurunkan Biaya Pokok Produksi

Rapat Kerja Human Capital Management PT PLN (Persero, 2017

Agar Inovasi di perusahaan mampu menurunkan Biaya Pokok Produksi, perlu dilakukan: 1. Difusi / Ko... more Agar Inovasi di perusahaan mampu menurunkan Biaya Pokok Produksi, perlu dilakukan: 1. Difusi / Komersialisasi Karya Inovasi 2, Good will “PLN” untuk optimalisasi Karya Inovasi 3. Sosialisasi Karya Inovasi 4. Perbaikan Manajemen Inovasi 5. Penyusunan Road Map Inovasi 6. Kolaborasi Inovasi: Open Innovation, Strategic Partnership Innovation Dll.

Baterai sebagai Game Changer Bisnis Energi

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Bom Waktu Sampah Perkotaan

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Tak Semua Teknologi Diperlukan

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Keputusan mengenai adopsi suatu tren bukanlah keputusan yang hanya dilakukan satu kali, tetapi di... more

Laju Adopsi Kendaraan Hidrogen Hijau

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Transisi Energi Menyebabkan Greenflation?

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Mendulang Energi dari Atap Rumah

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Sebagai teknologi disruptif, PLTS atap bisa saja mengembangkan suatu produk atau layanan dengan c... more

Ekonomi Kreatif yang Tak Sekadar Kreativitas

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Fenomena BTS, yang dilanjutkan oleh Blackpink, menjadikan K-pop sebagai suatu industri kreatif ya... more

Menyirkulasikan Ekonomi Sirkuler

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Diperlukan strategi manajemen para pemangku kepentingan yang tepat berbasis teori institusional y... more

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Belajar strategi bisnis tidak harus dengan mengikuti kelas-kelas manajemen yang ditawarkan oleh b... more

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Tidak jadinya Tesla masuk ke industri hilirisasi nikel dan mundurnya Air Products dari proyek hil... more

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Kebutuhan menjadi suatu organisasi pembelajar (learning organization) juga menjadi makin priorita... more

Teknologi untuk Keunggulan Daya Saing

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Pemanfaatan teknologi bukan sekedar mengenai teknologi itu sendiri tetapi lebih pada kemampuan or... more

Digitalisasi Sepenuh Hati

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Digitalisasi adalah transformasi yang fundamental. Transformasi tidak hanya di sisi teknologi, te... more

Membangun Ekosistem Kendaraan Listrik

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Yang dibutuhkan untuk membangun ekosistem ini bukan hanya terbitnya regulasi pendukung tapi tentu... more Yang dibutuhkan untuk membangun ekosistem ini bukan hanya terbitnya regulasi pendukung tapi tentunya komitmen dan konsistensi dari seluruh pemangku kepentingan khususnya regulator. Resistensi yang masih cukup kuat dari petahana industri otomotif konvensional, diindikasikan salah satunya karena belum kompaknya instansi-instansi terkait untuk mengakselerasi pemanfaatan kendaraan listrik berbasis baterai ini meskipun sudah diamanahkan dalam Pepres No 55 tahun 2019.

Logika Kompor Induksi

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Akankah kompor induksi menempuh jalur teknologi disruptif dan mengulangi kesuksesan LPG saat meng... more Akankah kompor induksi menempuh jalur teknologi disruptif dan mengulangi kesuksesan LPG saat menggantikan minyak tanah dulu? Kita lihat seberapa serius pemangku kebijakan khususnya pemerintah untuk ikut mempercepat disrupsi ini melalui regulasi yang mendukung model bisnis baru bagi kompor induksi ini.

Jalan Terjal Transisi Energi

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Menempatkan PLN sebagai off-taker di pasar ketenagalistrikan seperti ini sama saja dengan membeba... more