Iman Dianat
Iman Dianat is a Professor and academic member of the Occupational Health & Ergonomics Department in Tabriz University of Medical Sciences and holds a PhD in Ergonomics from the University of Nottingham. His research focuses on physical and cognitive ergonomics (e.g. workplace design, work physiology, anthropometry, inclusive design, product design, usability and work psychology), environmental ergonomics and workplace safety.
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The relationship of just culture and psychosocial factors at work has not been explored sufficiently in the literature.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the perception of just culture and its association with socio-demographic and work-related
psychosocial factors among 302 employees in an industrial setting in Iran.
METHODS: Just culture was assessed using the Just Culture Assessment Tool, and the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire
was used for evaluation of psychosocial work factors (including influence at work, meaning of work, commitment to
the workplace, predictability, rewards, quality of leadership, social support from supervisors, trust, and justice and respect).
Data were analysed using t test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and general linear regression analysis.
RESULTS: The results indicated that the employees had a fairly positive viewon their organisation’s just culture, though there
were some areas such as trust and balance that needed further attention. The psychosocial issues (particularly commitment
to the workplace, meaning of work, social support from supervisors, and rewards) were not adequate from the employees’
perspective. Predictability, rewards, and quality of leadership, were the significant psychosocial predictors of just culture in
a multivariate regression model.
CONCLUSIONS: The findings highlight the areas that need to be considered to improve the experience of organisational
just culture, which is important from the point of view of prevention of safety errors and incidents.
conditions of underground coal mines and the occurrence of musculoskeletal symptoms (MSS). The data from 236 miners were collected and analysed by using the chi-squared test, Fisher’s exact test, and the Mann-Whitney U test.
Results showed that mine design was inappropriate (e.g., lack of appropriate tools and inadequate working conditions, etc.). Miners had to deal with excessive job demands (e.g., inappropriate work pace, high manual material handling (MMH), and repetitive tasks). Most miners (85.5%) experienced pain/discomfort in at least five body regions. Low back (82.6%), upper back (80.9%), shoulder (77.5%), knee (67.8%), and ankle/foot (62.3%) complaints were the most frequently reported symptoms. The low back symptoms were associated with MMH tasks, shoulder symptoms were associated with poor lighting conditions, and ankle/foot symptoms were associated with inappropriate work pace, inadequate space, pushing/pulling/dragging tasks, and bending/twisting activities. The findings help to understand the working conditions of miners and highlight the need for multifaceted interventions to improve the workstation design and work organisation.
young (under 45) and older workers (45 and above). A systematic literature review was used aimed at examining studies comparing safety outcomes, namely fatal and non-fatal injuries, between older and younger workers. Results show that 50% of the reviewed papers suggest that fatal injuries are suffered mainly by older workers, while the remaining 50% show no differences between older and younger workers. Regarding non-fatal injuries, 49% of the reviewed papers found no relationship between workers' age; 31% found increased age as a protective factor against non-fatal injuries; and 19% showed that older workers had a higher risk of non-fatal injuries than younger ones. This review suggests that older workers experience higher rates of fatal injuries, and younger workers higher rates of non-fatal injuries.
METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 693 elementary students from Hamadan city, western Iran, were selected by multistage stratified cluster sampling. Data were collected through interviews using questionnaires. Posture and psychosocial elements were assessed using the observational Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) checklist and the standard Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, respectively. Penalized logistic regression with the group smoothly-clipped absolute deviation regularization method was used for variable selection and data analysis (α=0.05). The chi-square test was also used.
RESULTS: In total, 26.6% of the students (7-12 years old) reported LBP in the last month. Older age (odds ratio [OR], 3.08; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.80 to 5.26), watching TV for more than 3 hours a day (OR, 2.62; 95% CI, 1.46 to 4.68), very short seat backrests (OR, 3.08; 95% CI, 1.61 to 5.90), excessively curved seat backrests (OR, 4.36; 95% CI, 2.08 to 9.13), very short desks (OR, 3.44; 95% CI, 1.61 to 7.35), a family history of LBP (OR, 2.49; 95% CI, 1.58 to 3.91), carrying a school bag on one shoulder (OR, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.03 to 3.54), and RULA scores of 3 (OR, 2.26; 95% CI, 1.13 to 4.50) or 4 (OR, 2.85; 95% CI, 1.37 to 5.91) were associated with LBP.
CONCLUSIONS: A high prevalence of LBP was found among elementary-school students. This study underscores the importance of recognizing vulnerable children and teenagers and developing interventional health promotion programs to prevent LBP based on an appropriate consideration of its contributory factors.
The relationship of just culture and psychosocial factors at work has not been explored sufficiently in the literature.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the perception of just culture and its association with socio-demographic and work-related
psychosocial factors among 302 employees in an industrial setting in Iran.
METHODS: Just culture was assessed using the Just Culture Assessment Tool, and the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire
was used for evaluation of psychosocial work factors (including influence at work, meaning of work, commitment to
the workplace, predictability, rewards, quality of leadership, social support from supervisors, trust, and justice and respect).
Data were analysed using t test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and general linear regression analysis.
RESULTS: The results indicated that the employees had a fairly positive viewon their organisation’s just culture, though there
were some areas such as trust and balance that needed further attention. The psychosocial issues (particularly commitment
to the workplace, meaning of work, social support from supervisors, and rewards) were not adequate from the employees’
perspective. Predictability, rewards, and quality of leadership, were the significant psychosocial predictors of just culture in
a multivariate regression model.
CONCLUSIONS: The findings highlight the areas that need to be considered to improve the experience of organisational
just culture, which is important from the point of view of prevention of safety errors and incidents.
conditions of underground coal mines and the occurrence of musculoskeletal symptoms (MSS). The data from 236 miners were collected and analysed by using the chi-squared test, Fisher’s exact test, and the Mann-Whitney U test.
Results showed that mine design was inappropriate (e.g., lack of appropriate tools and inadequate working conditions, etc.). Miners had to deal with excessive job demands (e.g., inappropriate work pace, high manual material handling (MMH), and repetitive tasks). Most miners (85.5%) experienced pain/discomfort in at least five body regions. Low back (82.6%), upper back (80.9%), shoulder (77.5%), knee (67.8%), and ankle/foot (62.3%) complaints were the most frequently reported symptoms. The low back symptoms were associated with MMH tasks, shoulder symptoms were associated with poor lighting conditions, and ankle/foot symptoms were associated with inappropriate work pace, inadequate space, pushing/pulling/dragging tasks, and bending/twisting activities. The findings help to understand the working conditions of miners and highlight the need for multifaceted interventions to improve the workstation design and work organisation.
young (under 45) and older workers (45 and above). A systematic literature review was used aimed at examining studies comparing safety outcomes, namely fatal and non-fatal injuries, between older and younger workers. Results show that 50% of the reviewed papers suggest that fatal injuries are suffered mainly by older workers, while the remaining 50% show no differences between older and younger workers. Regarding non-fatal injuries, 49% of the reviewed papers found no relationship between workers' age; 31% found increased age as a protective factor against non-fatal injuries; and 19% showed that older workers had a higher risk of non-fatal injuries than younger ones. This review suggests that older workers experience higher rates of fatal injuries, and younger workers higher rates of non-fatal injuries.
METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 693 elementary students from Hamadan city, western Iran, were selected by multistage stratified cluster sampling. Data were collected through interviews using questionnaires. Posture and psychosocial elements were assessed using the observational Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) checklist and the standard Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, respectively. Penalized logistic regression with the group smoothly-clipped absolute deviation regularization method was used for variable selection and data analysis (α=0.05). The chi-square test was also used.
RESULTS: In total, 26.6% of the students (7-12 years old) reported LBP in the last month. Older age (odds ratio [OR], 3.08; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.80 to 5.26), watching TV for more than 3 hours a day (OR, 2.62; 95% CI, 1.46 to 4.68), very short seat backrests (OR, 3.08; 95% CI, 1.61 to 5.90), excessively curved seat backrests (OR, 4.36; 95% CI, 2.08 to 9.13), very short desks (OR, 3.44; 95% CI, 1.61 to 7.35), a family history of LBP (OR, 2.49; 95% CI, 1.58 to 3.91), carrying a school bag on one shoulder (OR, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.03 to 3.54), and RULA scores of 3 (OR, 2.26; 95% CI, 1.13 to 4.50) or 4 (OR, 2.85; 95% CI, 1.37 to 5.91) were associated with LBP.
CONCLUSIONS: A high prevalence of LBP was found among elementary-school students. This study underscores the importance of recognizing vulnerable children and teenagers and developing interventional health promotion programs to prevent LBP based on an appropriate consideration of its contributory factors.