Considering ,a," participants of the Disaster Management and Development Workshop, that is organi... more Considering ,a," participants of the Disaster Management and Development Workshop, that is organised by the Oxford Polytechnic Disaster Management Centre during summer.of each year,. should write a paper (project) during their stay, the author as a participant of the 1991's workshop decided to attempt to describe a model and an example of an institutional organisation to cope disasters. However, it is not a formal paper, may be it could be an outline or a speculative scheme that include, as example, the experience of Colombia, where the author has• been working during the last year.s. Comisiones Técnicas Comisiones Oper.an ti Comités Regionales de Emergencias: 32 Comités Locales de Emergencia: 1.022
Centre Internacional de Mètodes Numèrics en Enginyeria (CIMNE) eBooks, 1999
El documento trata temas especificos relacionados con los problemas potenciales que se pueden ge... more El documento trata temas especificos relacionados con los problemas potenciales que se pueden generar en el caso de la ocurrencia de un sismo e, igualmente, hace referencia a las medidas que se deben tomar para la mitigacion, haciendo especial enfasis en los requisitos necesarios para que las instalaciones puedan mantener su funcion durante e inmediatamente despues de un evento intenso.
El documento trata temas especificos relacionados con los problemas potenciales que se pueden ge... more El documento trata temas especificos relacionados con los problemas potenciales que se pueden generar en el caso de la ocurrencia de un sismo e, igualmente, hace referencia a las medidas que se deben tomar para la mitigacion, haciendo especial enfasis en los requisitos necesarios para que las instalaciones puedan mantener su funcion durante e inmediatamente despues de un evento intenso.
The main objective of EMI’s Cross-Cutting Capacity Development (3cd) Program1 is to empower local... more The main objective of EMI’s Cross-Cutting Capacity Development (3cd) Program1 is to empower local governments, local institutions and communities to incorporate risk reduction in their daily activities. Most often local governments and city stakeholders do not have a clear understanding of available risk reduction and risk management options or the process that will lead to a successful implementation of these options. The missing link between available knowledge and its application in real situations is effective mechanisms to communicate and transfer this knowledge between the scientific community and the end users or practitioners in the different sectors, for example government officials, the private sector and the community in general. In the context of the 3cd Program, EMI is devising several risk communication and risk reduction monitoring tools. One of the most promising is the use of a “Megacity Indicators System- MIS”. Together with its partners at the National University ...
This article presents a methodology for an estimate of the benefit cost ratio of the seismic risk... more This article presents a methodology for an estimate of the benefit cost ratio of the seismic risk reduction of buildings portfolio at broad scale, for a World region, allowing comparing the results obtained for the countries belonging to that region. This methodology encompasses: i) the generation of a set of random seismic events and the evaluation of the spectral accelerations at the buildings location; ii) the estimation of the buildings built area, the economic value, as well as the classification in structural typologies; iii) the development of vulnerability curves for each typology; iv) the estimation of the annual average loss of the buildings portfolio in the current conditions as well as in the case of a hypothetical structural intervention. The benefit cost ratio is obtained by comparing the annual average loss with the reinforcement costs. This methodology has been applied to the portfolio of public schools of fourteen countries of Latin America and The Caribbean, for evaluating the feasibility of the seismic risk reduction at a national scale.
At present, no specific indicators exist in the countries, widely accepted, to valuate directly t... more At present, no specific indicators exist in the countries, widely accepted, to valuate directly the performance of risk management or other relevant issues that reflect what we want to measure as risk management. One of the principle efforts at defining those aspects that define risk management has been made within the action framework led by the ISDR (2003) where various thematic areas, components and possible performance evaluation criteria are proposed in draft form (Cardona et al. 2003). In any case it is necessary to evaluate the variables in a qualitative way, using a scale that may run. The method of the Risk Management Index (RMI) described herein, was developed to evaluate risk management performance and effectiveness of countries within Latin America and the Caribbean under the framework of the Disaster Risk Management Indicators Program in Americas, led by the Institute of Environmental Studies (IDEA) of the National University of Colombia in Manizales, for the Inter-Amer...
The Risk Management Index, RMI, brings together a group of indicators that measure risk managemen... more The Risk Management Index, RMI, brings together a group of indicators that measure risk management performance and effectiveness. These indicators reflect the organizational, development, capacity and institutional actions taken to reduce vulnerability and losses, to prepare for crisis and to recover efficiently from disasters. This index was designed to assess risk management “performance”. It provides a qualitative measure of management based on predefined “targets ” or “benchmarks ” that risk management efforts should aim to achieve. The design of the RMI involved establishing a scale of achievement levels or determining the “distance ” between current conditions and an objective threshold or conditions in a reference country, subnational region, or city. The RMI was constructed by quantifying four public policies, each of which has six indicators. The policies include the identification of risk, risk reduction, disaster management, and governance and financial protection. Risk I...
Quite frequently, catastrophes impact populated areas of the world, and hence the need for proper... more Quite frequently, catastrophes impact populated areas of the world, and hence the need for proper risk evaluations that support mitigation and management processes. Because of the uncertain nature of extreme natural hazards and lack of data, forecasts of the potential damage and losses before the event happens are needed. Catastrophe (CAT) models build on scenarios that represent all possible realizations of the hazard in terms of recurrence and intensity. Probabilistic risk models require the characterization of the hazards, the exposure model for the infrastructure, and its vulnerability. The main objective of this research is to compare loss exceedance curves, probable maximum loss curves, and average annual losses using four different available seismic hazard models for Chile. To isolate the effect of changing the hazard model in the risk results, the exposure and vulnerability information is fixed to the one available from the Global Assessment Report, GAR 15, and GAR ATLAS 201...
A specific catastrophic risk model has been developed to evaluate, building by building, the prob... more A specific catastrophic risk model has been developed to evaluate, building by building, the probabilistic losses and pure premiums of different portfolios, taking into account the seismic microzonation of cities. Understanding probable losses and reconstruction costs due to earthquakes creates powerful incentives for countries to develop planning options and tools to cope with risk, including allocating the sustained budgetary resources necessary to reduce those potential damages and safeguard development. This model has been used to evaluate the fiscal contingency liabilities of the government and to build an optimal structure for risk transfer and retention, considering contingent credits, reserve funds, insurance/reinsurance, and cat bonds. In addition, an innovative insurance mechanism has been implemented for private housing, using the estate-tax payment and covering the all low-income homeowners through cross subsidies. Lastly, the model allows the evaluation of an exceedance...
Considering ,a," participants of the Disaster Management and Development Workshop, that is organi... more Considering ,a," participants of the Disaster Management and Development Workshop, that is organised by the Oxford Polytechnic Disaster Management Centre during summer.of each year,. should write a paper (project) during their stay, the author as a participant of the 1991's workshop decided to attempt to describe a model and an example of an institutional organisation to cope disasters. However, it is not a formal paper, may be it could be an outline or a speculative scheme that include, as example, the experience of Colombia, where the author has• been working during the last year.s. Comisiones Técnicas Comisiones Oper.an ti Comités Regionales de Emergencias: 32 Comités Locales de Emergencia: 1.022
Centre Internacional de Mètodes Numèrics en Enginyeria (CIMNE) eBooks, 1999
El documento trata temas especificos relacionados con los problemas potenciales que se pueden ge... more El documento trata temas especificos relacionados con los problemas potenciales que se pueden generar en el caso de la ocurrencia de un sismo e, igualmente, hace referencia a las medidas que se deben tomar para la mitigacion, haciendo especial enfasis en los requisitos necesarios para que las instalaciones puedan mantener su funcion durante e inmediatamente despues de un evento intenso.
El documento trata temas especificos relacionados con los problemas potenciales que se pueden ge... more El documento trata temas especificos relacionados con los problemas potenciales que se pueden generar en el caso de la ocurrencia de un sismo e, igualmente, hace referencia a las medidas que se deben tomar para la mitigacion, haciendo especial enfasis en los requisitos necesarios para que las instalaciones puedan mantener su funcion durante e inmediatamente despues de un evento intenso.
The main objective of EMI’s Cross-Cutting Capacity Development (3cd) Program1 is to empower local... more The main objective of EMI’s Cross-Cutting Capacity Development (3cd) Program1 is to empower local governments, local institutions and communities to incorporate risk reduction in their daily activities. Most often local governments and city stakeholders do not have a clear understanding of available risk reduction and risk management options or the process that will lead to a successful implementation of these options. The missing link between available knowledge and its application in real situations is effective mechanisms to communicate and transfer this knowledge between the scientific community and the end users or practitioners in the different sectors, for example government officials, the private sector and the community in general. In the context of the 3cd Program, EMI is devising several risk communication and risk reduction monitoring tools. One of the most promising is the use of a “Megacity Indicators System- MIS”. Together with its partners at the National University ...
This article presents a methodology for an estimate of the benefit cost ratio of the seismic risk... more This article presents a methodology for an estimate of the benefit cost ratio of the seismic risk reduction of buildings portfolio at broad scale, for a World region, allowing comparing the results obtained for the countries belonging to that region. This methodology encompasses: i) the generation of a set of random seismic events and the evaluation of the spectral accelerations at the buildings location; ii) the estimation of the buildings built area, the economic value, as well as the classification in structural typologies; iii) the development of vulnerability curves for each typology; iv) the estimation of the annual average loss of the buildings portfolio in the current conditions as well as in the case of a hypothetical structural intervention. The benefit cost ratio is obtained by comparing the annual average loss with the reinforcement costs. This methodology has been applied to the portfolio of public schools of fourteen countries of Latin America and The Caribbean, for evaluating the feasibility of the seismic risk reduction at a national scale.
At present, no specific indicators exist in the countries, widely accepted, to valuate directly t... more At present, no specific indicators exist in the countries, widely accepted, to valuate directly the performance of risk management or other relevant issues that reflect what we want to measure as risk management. One of the principle efforts at defining those aspects that define risk management has been made within the action framework led by the ISDR (2003) where various thematic areas, components and possible performance evaluation criteria are proposed in draft form (Cardona et al. 2003). In any case it is necessary to evaluate the variables in a qualitative way, using a scale that may run. The method of the Risk Management Index (RMI) described herein, was developed to evaluate risk management performance and effectiveness of countries within Latin America and the Caribbean under the framework of the Disaster Risk Management Indicators Program in Americas, led by the Institute of Environmental Studies (IDEA) of the National University of Colombia in Manizales, for the Inter-Amer...
The Risk Management Index, RMI, brings together a group of indicators that measure risk managemen... more The Risk Management Index, RMI, brings together a group of indicators that measure risk management performance and effectiveness. These indicators reflect the organizational, development, capacity and institutional actions taken to reduce vulnerability and losses, to prepare for crisis and to recover efficiently from disasters. This index was designed to assess risk management “performance”. It provides a qualitative measure of management based on predefined “targets ” or “benchmarks ” that risk management efforts should aim to achieve. The design of the RMI involved establishing a scale of achievement levels or determining the “distance ” between current conditions and an objective threshold or conditions in a reference country, subnational region, or city. The RMI was constructed by quantifying four public policies, each of which has six indicators. The policies include the identification of risk, risk reduction, disaster management, and governance and financial protection. Risk I...
Quite frequently, catastrophes impact populated areas of the world, and hence the need for proper... more Quite frequently, catastrophes impact populated areas of the world, and hence the need for proper risk evaluations that support mitigation and management processes. Because of the uncertain nature of extreme natural hazards and lack of data, forecasts of the potential damage and losses before the event happens are needed. Catastrophe (CAT) models build on scenarios that represent all possible realizations of the hazard in terms of recurrence and intensity. Probabilistic risk models require the characterization of the hazards, the exposure model for the infrastructure, and its vulnerability. The main objective of this research is to compare loss exceedance curves, probable maximum loss curves, and average annual losses using four different available seismic hazard models for Chile. To isolate the effect of changing the hazard model in the risk results, the exposure and vulnerability information is fixed to the one available from the Global Assessment Report, GAR 15, and GAR ATLAS 201...
A specific catastrophic risk model has been developed to evaluate, building by building, the prob... more A specific catastrophic risk model has been developed to evaluate, building by building, the probabilistic losses and pure premiums of different portfolios, taking into account the seismic microzonation of cities. Understanding probable losses and reconstruction costs due to earthquakes creates powerful incentives for countries to develop planning options and tools to cope with risk, including allocating the sustained budgetary resources necessary to reduce those potential damages and safeguard development. This model has been used to evaluate the fiscal contingency liabilities of the government and to build an optimal structure for risk transfer and retention, considering contingent credits, reserve funds, insurance/reinsurance, and cat bonds. In addition, an innovative insurance mechanism has been implemented for private housing, using the estate-tax payment and covering the all low-income homeowners through cross subsidies. Lastly, the model allows the evaluation of an exceedance...
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