Geografía

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Objective: To report gray scale, volumetric, and duplex ultrasound data before and after sexual stimulation in a large population of women with sexual dysfunction. Design: Retrospective review of women with sexual dysfunction. Setting: An academic center. Patient(s): Pre-and postmenopausal women with sexual dysfunction. Intervention(s): None. Main Outcome Measure(s): This is an Institutional Review Board-approved retrospective study of 142 women who underwent duplex Doppler ultrasound (DDU) arousal testing for sexual dysfunction.

West Nile virus (WNV) has remained epidemic in Kern County, CA, since its introduction in 2004 through 2007 when the human case annual incidence increased from 6 -8 to 17 per 100,000, respectively. The 2007 increase in human infection was associated with contradicting surveillance indicators, including severe drought, warm spring but cool summer temperature anomalies, decreased rural and urban mosquito abundance but increased early season infection in urban Culex quinquefasciatus Say, moderate avian "herd immunity," and declines in the catch of competent (western scrub-jay and house finch) and noncompetent (California quail and mourning dove) avian species. The decline in these noncompetent avian hosts may have increased contact with competent avian hosts and perhaps humans. The marked increase in home foreclosures and associated neglected swimming pools increased urban mosquito production sites, most likely contributing to the urban mosquito population and the WNV outbreak within Bakersfield. Coalescing five surveillance indicators into a risk assessment score measured each half month provided 2-to 6-wk early warning for emergency planning and was followed consistently by the onset of human cases after reaching epidemic conditions. St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) antibody was detected rarely in wild birds but not mosquitoes or sentinel chickens, indicating that previously infected birds were detected in Kern County, but SLEV reintroduction was not successful. In contrast, western equine encephalitis virus (WEEV) was detected during 3 of 5 yr in Culex tarsalis Coquillett, sentinel chickens, and wild birds, but failed to amplify to levels where tangential transmission was detected in Aedes mosquitoes or humans. A comparison of transmission patterns in Kern County to Coachella Valley in the southeastern desert of California showed the importance of mosquito phenology and spatial distribution, corvids, or other avian "super spreaders" and anthropogenic factors in WNV epidemiology.

The invasion of different southern California landscapes by West Nile virus (WNV) and its subsequent ampliÞcation to epidemic levels during 2004 enabled us to study the impact of differing corvid populations in three biomes: the hot Colorado desert with few corvids (Coachella Valley), the southern San Joaquin Valley (Kern County) with large western scrub-jay but small American crow populations, and the cool maritime coast (Los Angeles) with a large clustered American crow population. Similar surveillance programs in all three areas monitored infection rates in mosquitoes, seroconversion rates in sentinel chickens, seroprevalence in wild birds, numbers of dead birds reported by the public, and the occurrence of human cases. Infection rates in Culex tarsalis Coquillett and sentinel chicken seroconversion rates were statistically similar among all three areas, indicating that highly competent mosquito hosts were capable of maintaining enzootic WNV transmission among less competent and widely distributed avian hosts, most likely house sparrows and house Þnches. In contrast, infection rates in Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus Say were statistically higher in Kern and Los Angeles counties with elevated corvid populations than in Coachella Valley with few corvids. Spatial analyses of dead corvids showed signiÞcant clusters near known American crow roosts in Los Angeles that were congruent with clusters of human cases. In this area, the incidence of human and Cx. p. quinquefasciatus infection was signiÞcantly greater within corvid clusters than without, indicating their importance in virus ampliÞcation and as a risk factor for human infection. In contrast the uniform dispersion by territorial western scrub-jays resulted in a high, but evenly distributed, incidence of human disease in Kern County.

A time-of-flight imaging technique is introduced to visualize fluid flow and dispersion through porous media using NMR. As the fluid flows through a sample, the nuclear spin magnetization is modulated by RF pulses and magnetic field gradients to encode the spatial coordinates of the fluid. When the fluid leaves the sample, its magnetization is recorded by a second RF coil. This scheme not only facilitates a time-dependent imaging of fluid flow, it also allows a separate optimization of encoding and detection subsystems to enhance overall sensitivity. The technique is demonstrated by imaging gas flow through a porous rock.

Hyperpolarized 129 Xe NMR can detect the presence of specific lowconcentration biomolecular analytes by means of the xenon biosensor, which consists of a water-soluble, targeted cryptophane-A cage that encapsulates xenon. In this work we use the prototypical biotinylated xenon biosensor to determine the relationship between the molecular composition of the xenon biosensor and the characteristics of protein-bound resonances.

Abortion laws in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) are highly restrictive and may not reflect public opinion on the issue. This article synthesizes the survey literature on attitudes toward abortion in the region. We searched standard computer indexing services and polled colleagues at regional meetings to identify every methodologically sound quantitative study of abortion opinion in LAC published between 1985 and 2005. Of the 26 studies that met inclusion criteria, none was conducted in the Caribbean, 11 were conducted in Brazil, 11 in Mexico, 3 in Argentina, and 1 in Colombia. The majority of populations surveyed support abortion under a greater number of circumstances than are permitted in their respective countries, particularly in cases of rape and threat to life or health. Future abortion opinion surveys should ask about support for the legality of abortion rather than about abstract acceptance of abortion, and questions should be worded carefully to capture the complexities of the public's views on this issue.

espanolEn este articulo se examina el proceso de apropiacion del agua en los Altos de Jalisco por parte de actores como instituciones, terratenientes, campesinos, agroindustriales, entre otros, quienes por mas de 70 anos han negociado e impuesto formas de acaparamiento. Para identificar a dichos actores se realizaron entrevistas y se consultaron documentos de archivo. Asi, se encontro que la apropiacion del agua se concreto a traves de relaciones de poder, cuyo resultado fue la configuracion de un espacio hidrosocial caracterizado por el acceso al agua para algunos municipios y, en cambio, la marginacion paulatina de otros, como Canadas de Obregon, Valle de Guadalupe y Jalostotitlan. De este modo, los resultados sugieren que los conflictos por el control del agua en la region no son actuales ni espontaneos, sino parte de un proceso historico que involucra el manejo hidrico nacional y la permanencia de privilegios en grupos hegemonicos regionales. EnglishThis article examines the pro...

Presentation of the Thematic Area and the Working Paper Presentación del Área Temática y del Cuaderno de Trabajo Presentación del Editor Correspondiente "Economía política y ecología política del ciclo hidro-social" Erik Swyngedouw "Exploración de las contribuciones del enfoque "hidro-social" a los estudios de caso sobre agua" Adriana Sandoval Moreno "Configuración hidrosocial: ¿paisaje, territorio o espacio?" Antonio Rodríguez Sánchez "Territorios hidrosociales, cuencas hidrográficas y escalas en la gestión del agua. El caso de la Península Ibérica" Leandro Del Moral Ituarte, Nuria Hernández-Mora, Afonso do Ó "A bacia hidrográfica como construção social: política e economia no modelo francês de gestão das águas" Rodrigo Constante Martins Tabla de Contenidos WATERLAT-GOBACIT NETWORK Working Papers Thematic Area Series-TA6-Vol 4 Nº 3/ 2017 WATERLATGOBACIT 1 Presentation of the Thematic Area and the Working Paper This issue of the Working Papers was developed by members of the WATERLAT-GOBACIT Network's Thematic Area 6, Hydrosocial Basins, Territories, and Spaces (http://waterlat.org/thematic-areas/ta6/). This issue focuses on one of the main topics addressed by TA6, which is the ongoing academic and political debate about the concept of "basin", which has become the object of severe criticism in several areas of public policy related to water management. From different standpoints, the papers discuss the commonalities and differences between the concepts of "hidrosocial" basins, territories, spaces, and landscapes, a topic particularly debated in human and political geography but also in the broader interdisciplinary field of political ecology. The last two papers also offer an empirical discussion about the continued relevance of the concept of "river basin" in the Iberian and French traditions of water management, and explore some of the associated policy implications, contradictions, and conceptual cleavages.

This issue of the WATERLAT-GOBACIT Network Working Papers is a product of the 2018 edition of the Student Prize Competition, granted anually to master and doctoral thesis submitted by students who are members of the Network. This is the fourth issue of the Student Prize Series, and features three articles based on doctoral and master dissertations on public policy, anthropology and geography, successfully defended in universities from Brazil and Mexico. The papers reflect the work done by the students in our Thematic Areas, in this case contributing particularly to TA2, Water and Megaprojects (Article 3), TA3, Urban Water Cycle and Essential Public Services (Article 2), and TA6, Hydrosocial Basins, Territories, and Spaces (Article 1).

Presentation of the Thematic Area and the Working Paper Presentación del Área Temática y del Cuaderno de Trabajo Presentación del Editor Correspondiente "Economía política y ecología política del ciclo hidro-social" Erik Swyngedouw "Exploración de las contribuciones del enfoque "hidro-social" a los estudios de caso sobre agua" Adriana Sandoval Moreno "Configuración hidrosocial: ¿paisaje, territorio o espacio?" Antonio Rodríguez Sánchez "Territorios hidrosociales, cuencas hidrográficas y escalas en la gestión del agua. El caso de la Península Ibérica" Leandro Del Moral Ituarte, Nuria Hernández-Mora, Afonso do Ó "A bacia hidrográfica como construção social: política e economia no modelo francês de gestão das águas" Rodrigo Constante Martins Tabla de Contenidos WATERLAT-GOBACIT NETWORK Working Papers Thematic Area Series-TA6-Vol 4 Nº 3/ 2017 WATERLATGOBACIT 1 Presentation of the Thematic Area and the Working Paper This issue of the Working Papers was developed by members of the WATERLAT-GOBACIT Network's Thematic Area 6, Hydrosocial Basins, Territories, and Spaces (http://waterlat.org/thematic-areas/ta6/). This issue focuses on one of the main topics addressed by TA6, which is the ongoing academic and political debate about the concept of "basin", which has become the object of severe criticism in several areas of public policy related to water management. From different standpoints, the papers discuss the commonalities and differences between the concepts of "hidrosocial" basins, territories, spaces, and landscapes, a topic particularly debated in human and political geography but also in the broader interdisciplinary field of political ecology. The last two papers also offer an empirical discussion about the continued relevance of the concept of "river basin" in the Iberian and French traditions of water management, and explore some of the associated policy implications, contradictions, and conceptual cleavages.

Presentation of the Thematic Area and the issue This issue of the WATERLAT-GOBACIT Network's Working Papers was organized by members of the Network's Thematic Area 6, TA6-Hydrosocial Basins, Territories, and Spaces. TA6's membership includes academics, students, practitioners, representatives of social movements and civil society organizations, among others. This TA has a wide remit, as it covers broad areas related to the social and environmental impacts of waterrelated infrastructures and operations, as well as extractivist activities, including mining and agribusinesses, among other. Given its broad focus, TA6 has important linkages with other Thematic Areas, including TA3, Urban Water Cycle and Essential Public Services, TA2-Water and Megaprojects and TA9-Water and Production.

HAL is a multidisciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires

C l i m a , c a m b i o c l i m á t i c o y a l i m e n t o s a producción de alimentos en México se realiza fundamentalmente en tie-rras de labor, ya sea bajo condiciones de temporal (lluvias) o condiciones de regadío. También se lleva a cabo, aunque en una menor proporción, me-diante la utilización de invernaderos. Se cultivan especies de ciclo anual, bianual, semiperenne y perenne en una amplia gama de ambientes climáticos. En la Figura 1 se puede ver un aspecto de la diversidad ambiental de México; en todos los 28 ambientes climáticos mostrados en dicha figura se realiza algún tipo de agricultura. La diversidad climática, aunada a la diversidad tecnológica y de condiciones socioeconómicas bajo las cuales se cultiva en México imponen di-ferentes grados de vulnerabilidad por riesgo climático a los sistemas de producción de la República Mexicana. El cambio climático incrementa los niveles de vulnerabilidad de los sistemas de producción, y representa una amenaza para la producción de alimentos, ya que aumenta la frecuencia de fenómenos meteorológicos adversos como sequías, olas de calor, inundaciones, heladas, granizadas, vientos fuertes y otros. C a m b i o c l i m á t i c o e i n s u m o s a m b i e n t a l e s p a r a p l a n t a s Los insumos ambientales básicos para el crecimiento y desarrollo de las plan-tas son dióxido de carbono (CO 2), agua, luz y temperatura. L 76 ciencia • octubre-diciembre 2012 José Ariel Ruiz Corral La tendencia predominante del cambio climático en México-fenómeno que más bien se intensificará en un futuro mediato-, es hacia un aumento de tem-peratura y una disminución de los volúmenes de lluvia. Hoy, una de las opcio-nes de adaptación más aceptadas y buscadas es la generación de variedades de semillas que sobrevivan a ambientes con estrés por calor y falta de humedad. agricultura al Adaptar la cambio climático

En un artículo publicado en la revista Urban Geography en 2003, Helga Leitner y Eric Sheppard señalaban que, desde los años noventa, la geografía crítica domina el conjunto del campo de la geografía urbana . Sin embargo, esta afi rmación podría parecer paradójica debido a dos razones. La primera es que el desarrollo de los critical urban studies dentro la geografía urbana anglosajona se ha producido con un desfase respecto al contexto europeo, en el que los años ochenta y el comienzo de los noventa estuvieron marcados por el claro repliegue de un pensamiento crítico que había experimentado un auge sin precedentes a fi nales de la década de 1960, en torno a autores como Henri Lefebvre, Manuel Castells o los investigadores de la Escuela de la Regulación . Este artículo trata, precisamente, de analizar las aportaciones teóricas de la geografía urbana anglosajona con el objetivo de comprender las razones que han conducido a su éxito en el seno de la disciplina. Esto no signifi ca, sin embargo, que desde los años ochenta los enfoques críticos hayan procedido tan sólo de los países anglosajones. Por el contrario, entre los numerosos ejemplos podríamos citar el progreso de la geografía urbana crítica y radical en Brasil, sobre todo en Sao Paulo en torno al