Edvaldo Soares
PhD in Neuroscience and Behavior. Coordinator of the Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience - LaNeC - São Paulo State University - Faculty of Philosophy and Sciences - Marilia - São Paulo - Brazil.
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Methods: 48 elders from two different nursing homes were selected. The collection of demographic and pharmacological data was made utilizing medical records. The medication was classified according to the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Code (ATC) criteria. The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS 30) and the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) tests were utilized to determine the prevalence of DP and CD.
Results: It was observed in the sample a high incidence of DP and CD among the researched elders. More
schooling individuals tend to present less CD. Individuals with less CD indicatives present less symptomatology for
DP. Of all the researched elders, 54,2% are submitted to psycho pharmacotherapy. Of all the consumed medicine,
16,5% belonged to the class of neuropsychiatric medicine. The medicated elders present, in average, a larger
symptomatology for DP (12 points/average/GDS) than the non-medicated elders (9,9 points/average/GDS). The
inverse occurs in relation to the CD indicatives. The use of psychotropics, especially in association, can have
negative effects related to depression and cognition.
Discussion: The pharmacotherapy, characterized for the polymedication and chronicity, especially of
neuropsychiatric medicines, deserves special attention among elders, because the data suggest a significant
relation between the utilization of medicines, singly or in association, and the increase of CD and DP. In addition, the
data suggest that DP is a risk factor for CD and DM.
Unilateral Neglect Syndrome is one of the consequences of cerebral vascular accident (CVA) generally following right parietal lobe lesion, leading to the impairment of perceptive visual, spatial and attention functions. The patient affected does not realize the environmental stimuli on the contralesional hemibody. Occupational therapy plays an important role in caring for this patient, seeking the recovery of perception, attention and social engagement. This study aimed to describe and evaluate the results of occupational therapy intervention and treatment in a single Unilateral Neglect Syndrome post CVA patient. Data were obtained from a survey of the patient’s medical records and interviews of his therapist and caretaker. The analysis of the patient’s medical records and his therapist’s report showed that the patient responded satisfactorily to treatment, presenting a decrease of the left unilateral neglect at the end of the study period. The favorable outcome of the patient outlined the relevance of evaluating the effects of Occupational Therapy interventions for clinical unilateral neglect syndrome.
Keywords: Stroke, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation.
symptomatology prevalence for depression (DP) and cognitive decline (CD) on institutionalized elderly’s; verifying the existence
of correlations between DP and CD with age, gender and scholarity; and analyzing the possible correlations between symptomatology for DP and CD. For the realization of this research were selected, in two Elderly’s Long-Permanence Institutions (ELPIs), 24 subjects, which were classified according to gender, scholarity and age group. To verify the occurrence of CD, the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) was applied and, for the incidence of DP, the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) was applied. The data were tabulated and descriptively analyzed. For the study of the relations between quantitative variables,
the Pearson correlation test was utilized and also the Spearmann test when necessary; for the comparison between two independent groups, the Student's t-test was utilized; for the verification of the association
between gender, scholarity, DP and CD indicatives, the Pearson's X2 test and, due to theoretical restriction, the Fisher's exact test were utilized. The level of 5% probability was adopted for the rejection of nullity's hypothesis on all the tests. The research demonstrated that 50% of the research' subjects presented DP indicatives and 54.2% presented CD indicatives. Associations between: gender and DP (p =
0.414), gender and CD (p = 0.219), scholarity and CD (p = 0.527) were not observed. Positive regular correlation was verified between age and DP (r = 0.557; p = 0.005) and negative regular correlation was verified between DP and CD (r = -0.406; p = 0.049). The data suggest that DP might be a reaction to CD perceived by the subject. However, the hypothesis that indicates DP as a risk factor for CD and DM cannot be overruled, which suggests the importance of monitoring and treating depressive episodes on elderly populations.
Keywords: Elderly. Geriatric institution. Depression. Cognitive decline.
participating RC (n=12); 2) non participant IDI on RC (r=12); 3) IDNI participating UNATI (“Open College for the Elderly”) and attendees of Memory Workshop (OM) (n=12) and; 4) IDNI participating UNATI, not attending OM. The data were gathered
from the instruments: Mini Mental State Exam (MEEM) to determine the degree of DC and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) to verify the symptomatology of DP. For the data analysis, were used the Student’s t-test for independent groups and Mann-Whitney for non-parametric data; between three or more independent groups were used simple variance analysis and, Kruskal-Wallis for non-parametric data. Was adopted 5%
probability for significance level, for rejection of null hypothesis. Results: From the general sample, 8,3% of the subjects presented indicatives of DC and 52,1% traces of
DP (33,3% mild DP, 4,2% moderate DP and 14,6% moderate to severe DP). Lesser educated elders showed more incidence of DC (p<0,001) and DP (p=0,007). We
verified a higher prevalence of DC with increased age (p<0,006) and between DP symptomatology and age (p=0,511). There was no meaningful related to the DC prevalence (p=0230) and DP (p=0723) related to gender. Among the IDI there were
more incidence of DC than the IDNI (p<0,001). Prevalence of DP symptomatology was higher amongst the IDI (p=0,001). There were no meaningful differences in terms of scores acquired by MEEM and BDI for the subjects participating and not participating RC activities (p>0,05) or MW (p>0,05). Conclusion: There is indicatives that age negatively affects cognition and that DP increase may lead to DC, contributing then to an aggravation on the overall state of health of the elder. Therefore, it is necessary the development and application of curative and preventive strategies for depressive disorder. Special attention must be given for INI, more vulnerable to DP and DC.
"
Results: the research indicates that the age influences the performance on MMSE on a negative mode (r = -0,456, p=0,001), what also occurred in the relation between
functional capacity (the Barthel Index) and depressive symptom (the Beck Inventory) (r = -0,356 and p=0,021). The functionality correlates positively with cognitive impairment of elders. (r= 0,457, p<0,001). Conclusion: This study suggests that the older the person is, the greater the possibility of cognitive impairment. Besides that, there is an indicative that, the greater the functionality of the elderly is, the better is the cognitive performance and the less is the presence of depressive symptoms.
residing 02 NH located on Marília – SP e, from this, verify the possibility of correlation
between the variables: sex, age, education, depression indicators and CD indicators. Methods: 24 elders residing the NH, both sexes, aged between 59 and 89 years old, were
grouped: a) NHs (NH’1, n=12; NH’2, n=12); b) sex (female, n=12; male, n=12); c) education (whom had formal education, n=14; without formal education, n=10); d) age
range (59-64, n=4; 65-70, n=4; 71-76, n=6; 77-83, n=7 and 84-89, n=3). The protocol included the application of the following instruments: Mini Mental State Exam (MMSE)
and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Results: There were not observed associations nor significant differences between: sex and depression (p=0,414); sex and CD (p=0,219); about CD; education and CD (p=0,527). Positive regular correlations were verified between the variables: age and depression (r=0,557; p=0,005). There were not significant
differences between groups with depression and CD indicators; without depression indicators and with CD indicator and without depression and CD indicators, about 1) age (Kruskal-Wallis Test: p=0,187); sex (TEF: p=0,215) and 3) education (TEF: p=0,310.
Conclusion: Despite of the results were not statistical significant, the absolute numbers points to the hypothesis of existence of relations between the analyzed variables, to be confirmed with wider samples.
themselves and with the variables: age, gender and education. There were subject to the research 57 elders living in the NH, aged between 59 and 98 and both sexes. The following tools were used to collect data: Mini Mental State Exam (MMSE) to evaluate
cognitive faculty, Barthel Index (BI) to evaluate cognitive faculty and Beck Depression
Inventory (BDI).
but also in economic terms. One of those consequences is the institutionalization. The project, running in two elderly care
institutions (hereafter IRLPi) located in Marília – SP aims to: a) Train multidisciplinary team to work in IRLPi’s; b) Develop and
promote activities that improve life quality focusing on the preservation of mental health; c) study general and mental health
conditions of patients under elderly care institution programs. The project was implemented in three phases: a) data collection
and elaboration of plan of activities; b) Application of activities; and c) assessment/ analysis of results. Regarding Phase 1, data
were collected from 3 forms, through which it was possible to verify: Institutional Data; Social Data and General Health. The
data related to health were collected from the medication of continuous use. All data were launched into the database (Access) and subjected to the descriptive statistical analysis. Data related to mental health were confirmed from the application of clinical trials (Geriatric Depression Scale - GDS, and MMSE-T).
period. A lot of interpretations have been given to the meaning and to the nature of the ideas by many schools, among them lots of Realism slopes. This paper aims to present, from a historical
and epistemological fragment, some theoretical perpectives, with emphasis in the realistic, nominalist and Cartesian proposals in relation to the formation and nature of the ideas.
Methods: 48 elders from two different nursing homes were selected. The collection of demographic and pharmacological data was made utilizing medical records. The medication was classified according to the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Code (ATC) criteria. The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS 30) and the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) tests were utilized to determine the prevalence of DP and CD.
Results: It was observed in the sample a high incidence of DP and CD among the researched elders. More
schooling individuals tend to present less CD. Individuals with less CD indicatives present less symptomatology for
DP. Of all the researched elders, 54,2% are submitted to psycho pharmacotherapy. Of all the consumed medicine,
16,5% belonged to the class of neuropsychiatric medicine. The medicated elders present, in average, a larger
symptomatology for DP (12 points/average/GDS) than the non-medicated elders (9,9 points/average/GDS). The
inverse occurs in relation to the CD indicatives. The use of psychotropics, especially in association, can have
negative effects related to depression and cognition.
Discussion: The pharmacotherapy, characterized for the polymedication and chronicity, especially of
neuropsychiatric medicines, deserves special attention among elders, because the data suggest a significant
relation between the utilization of medicines, singly or in association, and the increase of CD and DP. In addition, the
data suggest that DP is a risk factor for CD and DM.
Unilateral Neglect Syndrome is one of the consequences of cerebral vascular accident (CVA) generally following right parietal lobe lesion, leading to the impairment of perceptive visual, spatial and attention functions. The patient affected does not realize the environmental stimuli on the contralesional hemibody. Occupational therapy plays an important role in caring for this patient, seeking the recovery of perception, attention and social engagement. This study aimed to describe and evaluate the results of occupational therapy intervention and treatment in a single Unilateral Neglect Syndrome post CVA patient. Data were obtained from a survey of the patient’s medical records and interviews of his therapist and caretaker. The analysis of the patient’s medical records and his therapist’s report showed that the patient responded satisfactorily to treatment, presenting a decrease of the left unilateral neglect at the end of the study period. The favorable outcome of the patient outlined the relevance of evaluating the effects of Occupational Therapy interventions for clinical unilateral neglect syndrome.
Keywords: Stroke, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation.
symptomatology prevalence for depression (DP) and cognitive decline (CD) on institutionalized elderly’s; verifying the existence
of correlations between DP and CD with age, gender and scholarity; and analyzing the possible correlations between symptomatology for DP and CD. For the realization of this research were selected, in two Elderly’s Long-Permanence Institutions (ELPIs), 24 subjects, which were classified according to gender, scholarity and age group. To verify the occurrence of CD, the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) was applied and, for the incidence of DP, the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) was applied. The data were tabulated and descriptively analyzed. For the study of the relations between quantitative variables,
the Pearson correlation test was utilized and also the Spearmann test when necessary; for the comparison between two independent groups, the Student's t-test was utilized; for the verification of the association
between gender, scholarity, DP and CD indicatives, the Pearson's X2 test and, due to theoretical restriction, the Fisher's exact test were utilized. The level of 5% probability was adopted for the rejection of nullity's hypothesis on all the tests. The research demonstrated that 50% of the research' subjects presented DP indicatives and 54.2% presented CD indicatives. Associations between: gender and DP (p =
0.414), gender and CD (p = 0.219), scholarity and CD (p = 0.527) were not observed. Positive regular correlation was verified between age and DP (r = 0.557; p = 0.005) and negative regular correlation was verified between DP and CD (r = -0.406; p = 0.049). The data suggest that DP might be a reaction to CD perceived by the subject. However, the hypothesis that indicates DP as a risk factor for CD and DM cannot be overruled, which suggests the importance of monitoring and treating depressive episodes on elderly populations.
Keywords: Elderly. Geriatric institution. Depression. Cognitive decline.
participating RC (n=12); 2) non participant IDI on RC (r=12); 3) IDNI participating UNATI (“Open College for the Elderly”) and attendees of Memory Workshop (OM) (n=12) and; 4) IDNI participating UNATI, not attending OM. The data were gathered
from the instruments: Mini Mental State Exam (MEEM) to determine the degree of DC and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) to verify the symptomatology of DP. For the data analysis, were used the Student’s t-test for independent groups and Mann-Whitney for non-parametric data; between three or more independent groups were used simple variance analysis and, Kruskal-Wallis for non-parametric data. Was adopted 5%
probability for significance level, for rejection of null hypothesis. Results: From the general sample, 8,3% of the subjects presented indicatives of DC and 52,1% traces of
DP (33,3% mild DP, 4,2% moderate DP and 14,6% moderate to severe DP). Lesser educated elders showed more incidence of DC (p<0,001) and DP (p=0,007). We
verified a higher prevalence of DC with increased age (p<0,006) and between DP symptomatology and age (p=0,511). There was no meaningful related to the DC prevalence (p=0230) and DP (p=0723) related to gender. Among the IDI there were
more incidence of DC than the IDNI (p<0,001). Prevalence of DP symptomatology was higher amongst the IDI (p=0,001). There were no meaningful differences in terms of scores acquired by MEEM and BDI for the subjects participating and not participating RC activities (p>0,05) or MW (p>0,05). Conclusion: There is indicatives that age negatively affects cognition and that DP increase may lead to DC, contributing then to an aggravation on the overall state of health of the elder. Therefore, it is necessary the development and application of curative and preventive strategies for depressive disorder. Special attention must be given for INI, more vulnerable to DP and DC.
"
Results: the research indicates that the age influences the performance on MMSE on a negative mode (r = -0,456, p=0,001), what also occurred in the relation between
functional capacity (the Barthel Index) and depressive symptom (the Beck Inventory) (r = -0,356 and p=0,021). The functionality correlates positively with cognitive impairment of elders. (r= 0,457, p<0,001). Conclusion: This study suggests that the older the person is, the greater the possibility of cognitive impairment. Besides that, there is an indicative that, the greater the functionality of the elderly is, the better is the cognitive performance and the less is the presence of depressive symptoms.
residing 02 NH located on Marília – SP e, from this, verify the possibility of correlation
between the variables: sex, age, education, depression indicators and CD indicators. Methods: 24 elders residing the NH, both sexes, aged between 59 and 89 years old, were
grouped: a) NHs (NH’1, n=12; NH’2, n=12); b) sex (female, n=12; male, n=12); c) education (whom had formal education, n=14; without formal education, n=10); d) age
range (59-64, n=4; 65-70, n=4; 71-76, n=6; 77-83, n=7 and 84-89, n=3). The protocol included the application of the following instruments: Mini Mental State Exam (MMSE)
and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Results: There were not observed associations nor significant differences between: sex and depression (p=0,414); sex and CD (p=0,219); about CD; education and CD (p=0,527). Positive regular correlations were verified between the variables: age and depression (r=0,557; p=0,005). There were not significant
differences between groups with depression and CD indicators; without depression indicators and with CD indicator and without depression and CD indicators, about 1) age (Kruskal-Wallis Test: p=0,187); sex (TEF: p=0,215) and 3) education (TEF: p=0,310.
Conclusion: Despite of the results were not statistical significant, the absolute numbers points to the hypothesis of existence of relations between the analyzed variables, to be confirmed with wider samples.
themselves and with the variables: age, gender and education. There were subject to the research 57 elders living in the NH, aged between 59 and 98 and both sexes. The following tools were used to collect data: Mini Mental State Exam (MMSE) to evaluate
cognitive faculty, Barthel Index (BI) to evaluate cognitive faculty and Beck Depression
Inventory (BDI).
but also in economic terms. One of those consequences is the institutionalization. The project, running in two elderly care
institutions (hereafter IRLPi) located in Marília – SP aims to: a) Train multidisciplinary team to work in IRLPi’s; b) Develop and
promote activities that improve life quality focusing on the preservation of mental health; c) study general and mental health
conditions of patients under elderly care institution programs. The project was implemented in three phases: a) data collection
and elaboration of plan of activities; b) Application of activities; and c) assessment/ analysis of results. Regarding Phase 1, data
were collected from 3 forms, through which it was possible to verify: Institutional Data; Social Data and General Health. The
data related to health were collected from the medication of continuous use. All data were launched into the database (Access) and subjected to the descriptive statistical analysis. Data related to mental health were confirmed from the application of clinical trials (Geriatric Depression Scale - GDS, and MMSE-T).
period. A lot of interpretations have been given to the meaning and to the nature of the ideas by many schools, among them lots of Realism slopes. This paper aims to present, from a historical
and epistemological fragment, some theoretical perpectives, with emphasis in the realistic, nominalist and Cartesian proposals in relation to the formation and nature of the ideas.