In this study, phosphonium-based hydrophobic ionic liquids were synthesized and confirm their str... more In this study, phosphonium-based hydrophobic ionic liquids were synthesized and confirm their structures by NMR, FT-IR and CHNS. Their thermal stability was studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and shows excellent thermal stability as compare to other ILs. Although in separation technology the ILs applications are still in their early stages, the academic interest is increasing in ILs. These ILs were applied as adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue (MB) dye from aqueous media and the selected IL shows good performance with the stripping efficiency of 84.95%. The kinetics study expressed that the adsorption of MB on IL fitted in the pseudo-second order kinetics models with correlation coefficient value (R 2 ) of 0.999. The study proved that ionic liquids is an effective and environmentally benign adsorbent for MB removal from aqueous solution.
Separation of benzene and cyclohexane is one of the most important processes in the petrochemical... more Separation of benzene and cyclohexane is one of the most important processes in the petrochemical industry. However, due to their close boiling points and azeotrope formation, it is difficult to separate cyclohexane and benzene by conventional distillation processes. In this work, five thiocynate-based ionic liquids were investigated as solvent for separation of benzene and cyclohexane using extractvie distillation. The separation performances of the ionic liquids were evaluated in terms of their selectivity for benzene and relative volatility of the components the presence of the ionic liquids. The relative volatility and selectivity values were obtained from the experimental vapour-liquid equilibrium measured using head space gas chromatography.The effect of the structural variations of the ionic liquids on the separation performance was explained by COSMO-RS model. The result shows the ionic liquids studied can break the azeotropic mixture and increase the relative volatility of ...
Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) from oil and natura... more Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) from oil and natural gas operation at offshore platforms have significant contribution to global warming. The reduction of these GHG emissions is possible through CO2 capture technology. This study reports the absorption performance of monoethanolamine (MEA) for the removal of CO2 from natural gas (NG) at high pressure conditions. The absorption experiments were performed in an absorption column packed with Sulzer Metal Gauze Packing at 5.0 MPa operating pressure. The absorption performance was evaluated in terms of CO2 removal (%) with liquid flow rate ranging from 1.81 to 4.51 m3/m2.h and MEA concentration of 1.0 - 4.0 kmol/m3. It was found that CO2 removal (%) had increased with increasing liquid flow rate and MEA concentration.
Isothermal Vapour-liquid equilibrium for cyclohexane (1) + benzene (2) binary system, cyclohexane... more Isothermal Vapour-liquid equilibrium for cyclohexane (1) + benzene (2) binary system, cyclohexane (1) + benzene (2) dimethylformamide (3) ternary system and cyclohexane (1) + benzene (2) dimethylformamide (3) + cosolvent (4) quaternary systems were obtained. The effects of cosolvents (diethyl glycol, dimethylsulfoxide, N-methylformamide) on the performance of dimethylformamide in benzene-cyclohexane separation were studied. The result shows the selected cosolvents suppress the effectiveness of dimethylformamide. The result also shows that the ratio of cosolvents to dimethylformamide affects the separation factor.
ABSTRACT The production of biodiesel from waste palm cooking oil using acidic ionic liquid as a c... more ABSTRACT The production of biodiesel from waste palm cooking oil using acidic ionic liquid as a catalyst was investigated. Generally, alkaline based catalysts are used to catalyze the transesterification reaction, but for waste cooking oil where it contains high free fatty acids, direct usage is not possible due to separation of layers and saponification problems. In this study, a two-step process i.e. esterification and transesterification was performed. The ionic liquid butyl-methyl imidazolium hydrogensulfate (BMIMHSO4) was found to be effective due to its longer side chain. The highest biodiesel Yield was obtained with 5 wt.% BMIMHSO4, methanol:oil of 15:1, 60 min reaction time, at 160 °C, and agitation speed of 600 rpm, reduced the waste cooking oil acid value lower than 1.0 mg KOH/g. The second step of transesterification catalyzed by KOH at 60 °C, 1.0 wt.% and 60 min of reaction time. The final yield was 95.65 wt.%. The synthesized biodiesel was analysed by 1H NMR, FTIR TGA and GC, and its physiochemical properties were determined by standard ASTM methods.
ABSTRACT There is a growing need of counter assessing the increase of releases greenhouse gases s... more ABSTRACT There is a growing need of counter assessing the increase of releases greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide by researching an alternative technology that can help to reduce carbon dioxide content in atmosphere. This research work investigates the potential of MIL-53 as CO2 capture and storage candidate by conducting an experiment with different pressure between the synthesised and modified MIL-53. To investigate the effect of the Multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and carbon nanofibers (CNFs) in MIL-53 towards CO2 adsorption performance. The synthesised samples were characterized by Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) techniques. A significant change is observed in the region of the aromatic deformation vibrations due to the different substitution patterns of the aromatic ring. BET surface area for MWCNT@MIL-53 is higher than CNF@MIL-53 and MIL-53. MWCNTs showed the adsorption of CO2 uptake is 0.3mmole-1/g at 100Kpa.
ABSTRACT Molybdenum (Mo) and tungsten (W) substituted LiV0.99X0.01OPO4 (X = Mo and W) compounds w... more ABSTRACT Molybdenum (Mo) and tungsten (W) substituted LiV0.99X0.01OPO4 (X = Mo and W) compounds were synthesized by impregnation method. The structures of samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, and their electrochemical properties were studied by using charge-discharge in galavanostatic mode versus Li+/Li. The electrical conductivity of the samples was estimated by using impedance spectroscopy measurement with 2 point probe method at room temperature. Phosphates of composition LiV0.99X0.01OPO4 with 1% Mo and W content in the structure exhibits high intercalation potential of 3.95 V versus Li/Li+. It was found that the electrical conductivity of Mo and W substituted samples at room temperature was improved to 4.8 × 10–6 and 1.5 × 10–5 S.cm–1, respectively. Discharge capacity was also observed for the W doped sample with good retention performance up to 20 cycles at high current density of C/5 (0.4 mA.cm–2).
Crystalline ceria nanomaterials have been successfully synthesized through ionothermal treatment ... more Crystalline ceria nanomaterials have been successfully synthesized through ionothermal treatment method. Morphology of the ceria nanoparticles are confirmed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with an average size of 6-30 nm and with the N2 adsoprtion-desorption technique in the range of 46-62 m2g-1 in the presence of ionic liquid as base on acetate anion, trifluoroacetate anion, dicyanamide anion as organic linker, cerium nitrate hexahydrate as precursor and ammonia. It was found that the cerium oxide synthesized by acetate anion based ionic liquid has cube shape morphology and gradually form belt shape as elevated the hydrothermal treatment temperature. Cerium oxide synthesized by trifluoroacetate anion based ionic liquid remains its cubic morphology even at elevated temperature. Whereas, cerium oxide synthesized by dicyanamide anion based ionic liquid, ceria particles agglomerate and form irregular structures. The synthesized ceria nano...
Cyclohexane is mainly produced by catalytic hydrogenation of benzene, and the separation of unrea... more Cyclohexane is mainly produced by catalytic hydrogenation of benzene, and the separation of unreacted benzene is very important process. However, the separation of benzene and cyclohexane mixture is one of the difficult separation processes in petrochemical industry. Presently, extractive distillation is commercially used to separate benzene and cyclohexane using molecular solvents. However, the current process suffers from process complexity and high-energy consumption. In this work, new ionic liquid, 1-propanenitrile-3-butylimidazolium dicyanamide was synthesized and applied for separation benzene and cyclohexane mixture. Some of the thermophysical properties of the ionic liquid were measured. The vapour- liquid equilibrium and relative volatility of the components were determined. The ionic liquid breaks the azeotropic mixture and increased the relative volatility of cyclohexane to benzene.
In this study, phosphonium-based hydrophobic ionic liquids were synthesized and confirm their str... more In this study, phosphonium-based hydrophobic ionic liquids were synthesized and confirm their structures by NMR, FT-IR and CHNS. Their thermal stability was studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and shows excellent thermal stability as compare to other ILs. Although in separation technology the ILs applications are still in their early stages, the academic interest is increasing in ILs. These ILs were applied as adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue (MB) dye from aqueous media and the selected IL shows good performance with the stripping efficiency of 84.95%. The kinetics study expressed that the adsorption of MB on IL fitted in the pseudo-second order kinetics models with correlation coefficient value (R 2 ) of 0.999. The study proved that ionic liquids is an effective and environmentally benign adsorbent for MB removal from aqueous solution.
Separation of benzene and cyclohexane is one of the most important processes in the petrochemical... more Separation of benzene and cyclohexane is one of the most important processes in the petrochemical industry. However, due to their close boiling points and azeotrope formation, it is difficult to separate cyclohexane and benzene by conventional distillation processes. In this work, five thiocynate-based ionic liquids were investigated as solvent for separation of benzene and cyclohexane using extractvie distillation. The separation performances of the ionic liquids were evaluated in terms of their selectivity for benzene and relative volatility of the components the presence of the ionic liquids. The relative volatility and selectivity values were obtained from the experimental vapour-liquid equilibrium measured using head space gas chromatography.The effect of the structural variations of the ionic liquids on the separation performance was explained by COSMO-RS model. The result shows the ionic liquids studied can break the azeotropic mixture and increase the relative volatility of ...
Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) from oil and natura... more Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) from oil and natural gas operation at offshore platforms have significant contribution to global warming. The reduction of these GHG emissions is possible through CO2 capture technology. This study reports the absorption performance of monoethanolamine (MEA) for the removal of CO2 from natural gas (NG) at high pressure conditions. The absorption experiments were performed in an absorption column packed with Sulzer Metal Gauze Packing at 5.0 MPa operating pressure. The absorption performance was evaluated in terms of CO2 removal (%) with liquid flow rate ranging from 1.81 to 4.51 m3/m2.h and MEA concentration of 1.0 - 4.0 kmol/m3. It was found that CO2 removal (%) had increased with increasing liquid flow rate and MEA concentration.
Isothermal Vapour-liquid equilibrium for cyclohexane (1) + benzene (2) binary system, cyclohexane... more Isothermal Vapour-liquid equilibrium for cyclohexane (1) + benzene (2) binary system, cyclohexane (1) + benzene (2) dimethylformamide (3) ternary system and cyclohexane (1) + benzene (2) dimethylformamide (3) + cosolvent (4) quaternary systems were obtained. The effects of cosolvents (diethyl glycol, dimethylsulfoxide, N-methylformamide) on the performance of dimethylformamide in benzene-cyclohexane separation were studied. The result shows the selected cosolvents suppress the effectiveness of dimethylformamide. The result also shows that the ratio of cosolvents to dimethylformamide affects the separation factor.
ABSTRACT The production of biodiesel from waste palm cooking oil using acidic ionic liquid as a c... more ABSTRACT The production of biodiesel from waste palm cooking oil using acidic ionic liquid as a catalyst was investigated. Generally, alkaline based catalysts are used to catalyze the transesterification reaction, but for waste cooking oil where it contains high free fatty acids, direct usage is not possible due to separation of layers and saponification problems. In this study, a two-step process i.e. esterification and transesterification was performed. The ionic liquid butyl-methyl imidazolium hydrogensulfate (BMIMHSO4) was found to be effective due to its longer side chain. The highest biodiesel Yield was obtained with 5 wt.% BMIMHSO4, methanol:oil of 15:1, 60 min reaction time, at 160 °C, and agitation speed of 600 rpm, reduced the waste cooking oil acid value lower than 1.0 mg KOH/g. The second step of transesterification catalyzed by KOH at 60 °C, 1.0 wt.% and 60 min of reaction time. The final yield was 95.65 wt.%. The synthesized biodiesel was analysed by 1H NMR, FTIR TGA and GC, and its physiochemical properties were determined by standard ASTM methods.
ABSTRACT There is a growing need of counter assessing the increase of releases greenhouse gases s... more ABSTRACT There is a growing need of counter assessing the increase of releases greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide by researching an alternative technology that can help to reduce carbon dioxide content in atmosphere. This research work investigates the potential of MIL-53 as CO2 capture and storage candidate by conducting an experiment with different pressure between the synthesised and modified MIL-53. To investigate the effect of the Multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and carbon nanofibers (CNFs) in MIL-53 towards CO2 adsorption performance. The synthesised samples were characterized by Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) techniques. A significant change is observed in the region of the aromatic deformation vibrations due to the different substitution patterns of the aromatic ring. BET surface area for MWCNT@MIL-53 is higher than CNF@MIL-53 and MIL-53. MWCNTs showed the adsorption of CO2 uptake is 0.3mmole-1/g at 100Kpa.
ABSTRACT Molybdenum (Mo) and tungsten (W) substituted LiV0.99X0.01OPO4 (X = Mo and W) compounds w... more ABSTRACT Molybdenum (Mo) and tungsten (W) substituted LiV0.99X0.01OPO4 (X = Mo and W) compounds were synthesized by impregnation method. The structures of samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, and their electrochemical properties were studied by using charge-discharge in galavanostatic mode versus Li+/Li. The electrical conductivity of the samples was estimated by using impedance spectroscopy measurement with 2 point probe method at room temperature. Phosphates of composition LiV0.99X0.01OPO4 with 1% Mo and W content in the structure exhibits high intercalation potential of 3.95 V versus Li/Li+. It was found that the electrical conductivity of Mo and W substituted samples at room temperature was improved to 4.8 × 10–6 and 1.5 × 10–5 S.cm–1, respectively. Discharge capacity was also observed for the W doped sample with good retention performance up to 20 cycles at high current density of C/5 (0.4 mA.cm–2).
Crystalline ceria nanomaterials have been successfully synthesized through ionothermal treatment ... more Crystalline ceria nanomaterials have been successfully synthesized through ionothermal treatment method. Morphology of the ceria nanoparticles are confirmed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with an average size of 6-30 nm and with the N2 adsoprtion-desorption technique in the range of 46-62 m2g-1 in the presence of ionic liquid as base on acetate anion, trifluoroacetate anion, dicyanamide anion as organic linker, cerium nitrate hexahydrate as precursor and ammonia. It was found that the cerium oxide synthesized by acetate anion based ionic liquid has cube shape morphology and gradually form belt shape as elevated the hydrothermal treatment temperature. Cerium oxide synthesized by trifluoroacetate anion based ionic liquid remains its cubic morphology even at elevated temperature. Whereas, cerium oxide synthesized by dicyanamide anion based ionic liquid, ceria particles agglomerate and form irregular structures. The synthesized ceria nano...
Cyclohexane is mainly produced by catalytic hydrogenation of benzene, and the separation of unrea... more Cyclohexane is mainly produced by catalytic hydrogenation of benzene, and the separation of unreacted benzene is very important process. However, the separation of benzene and cyclohexane mixture is one of the difficult separation processes in petrochemical industry. Presently, extractive distillation is commercially used to separate benzene and cyclohexane using molecular solvents. However, the current process suffers from process complexity and high-energy consumption. In this work, new ionic liquid, 1-propanenitrile-3-butylimidazolium dicyanamide was synthesized and applied for separation benzene and cyclohexane mixture. Some of the thermophysical properties of the ionic liquid were measured. The vapour- liquid equilibrium and relative volatility of the components were determined. The ionic liquid breaks the azeotropic mixture and increased the relative volatility of cyclohexane to benzene.
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