Papers by Wieslaw Wieckowski
Academia, May 21, 2024
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International Journal of Osteoarchaeology
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International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, 2021
An unusual burial was discovered at the site of Castillo de Huarmey, Peru. The individual buried ... more An unusual burial was discovered at the site of Castillo de Huarmey, Peru. The individual buried in the area of pre‐Columbian huaca was likely of Chinese origin and came to Peru as a part of a large immigration wave between 1849 and 1874. Over 100.000 Chinese workers were brought to Peru during that timeframe, to replace freed slaves in many branches of the Peruvian economy. The individual’s skeleton showed multiple‐level bilateral spondylolysis in the lumbar vertebrae. This kind of bony defect is very rare and often related to intensive and strenuous physical activity. The analysis allows for an insight into historical lifestyles and immigrant experiences as registered in skeletal remains.
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Przegląd Historyczny, 2020
Violence in pre-Hispanic Peru
Violence as a bio-cultural phenomenon is closely linked to the hist... more Violence in pre-Hispanic Peru
Violence as a bio-cultural phenomenon is closely linked to the history of humanity. This phenomenon in the past is reconstructed by archaeologists as well as bioarchaeologists, who study the material remnants of old cultures and their creators. These remnants include burials, characteristic archaeological sites of defensive nature or works of art. An analysis of archaeological finds from the Peruvian Andes — especially the finds associated with the rituals of human sacrifice or warfare — leads to the conclusion that an important characteristic element of many pre-Columbian cultures was a specific kind of violence: ritualised violence. A cross-analysis of bioarchaeological, archaeological and iconographic data makes it possible to provide a more complete interpretation of violent behaviours of societies in the past, societies for which there are no extant historical sources.
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The Odd, the Unusual, and the Strange. Bioarchaeological Explorations of Atypical burials, 2020
edited by Tracy K. Betsinger, Amy B. Scott, and Anastasia Tsaliki,
University of Florida Press, ... more edited by Tracy K. Betsinger, Amy B. Scott, and Anastasia Tsaliki,
University of Florida Press, Gainesville
Abstract:
During the 2010 and 2012 excavation seasons, a Polish-Peruvian team excavated a small elevated mound – the remains of a platform – located in the northern sector of Castillo de Huarmey archaeological site, unearthing relics of stone architecture and a number of burials dated to the latter part of the Early Horizon (ca. 800-100 BC). Although the entire cemetery has not been excavated, the burial pattern that emerges from burials known to date is fairly clear and seems to be consistent with that of other Early Horizon sites from the north coast of Peru. Within the group of burials from Huarmey, four are rather atypical, they differ from the overall burial pattern in terms of body arrangement, as well as the presence of possible pre- and post-depositional alterations to the remains. Two skeletons of adult individuals were deposited in a completely different manner from the others, and two children were also buried in a rather unusual way. This chapter presents these four deviant burials, describes their context, and offers possible interpretations regarding the reasons for these atypical depositions using iconographic and archaeological analogies.
Keywords: Andean Archaeology, Castillo de Huarmey, Early Horizon, Burials, Iconography
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"The Mycenaean Cemetery at Achaia Clauss near Patras People, material remains and culture in context" C. Paschalidis, with contribution by P.J. P. McGeorge and W. Więckowski, 2018
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Skarby Peru. Królewski grobowiec w Castillo de Huarmey, Jun 9, 2017
Polska latynoamerykanistyka stoi dziś na najwyższym światowym poziomie, mogąc poszczycić się odkr... more Polska latynoamerykanistyka stoi dziś na najwyższym światowym poziomie, mogąc poszczycić się odkryciami na międzynarodową skalę. Wiedza o tych sukcesach nie zawsze jest jednak powszechna. Dzięki wyjątkowej współpracy z Państwowym Muzeum Etnograficznym w Warszawie, Narodowym Muzeum Archeologii, Antropologii i Historii Peru w Limie oraz Ministerstwem Kultury Republiki Peru, Polskiemu Towarzystwu Studiów Latynoamerykanistycznych udało się jeden z takich sukcesów przybliżyć szerokiej publiczności. Wystawa Skarby Peru. Królewski grobowiec w Castillo de Huarmey to pierwsza w Europie możliwość obcowania z oryginalnymi obiektami sztuki prekolumbijskiej o bezcennej wartości, odnalezionymi podczas polskich badań archeologicznych w Peru. Niniejsza publikacja, to pierwsze polskojęzyczne opracowanie dotyczące tego bezprecedensowego odkrycia, a zarazem unikatowy katalog pierwszej polskiej wystawy zabytków archeologicznych sprowadzonych do Polski z Peru.
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Rocznik Liwski, 2017
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Skarby Peru. Królewski grobowiec w Castillo de Huarmey. red. M. Giersz i P. Prządka-Giersz, 2018
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Przegląd Historyczny, 2017
Wykorzystanie substancji psychoaktywnych ma bardzo długi rodowód. Substancje tego typu stosowane ... more Wykorzystanie substancji psychoaktywnych ma bardzo długi rodowód. Substancje tego typu stosowane były jako stymulanty, depresanty, leki, a także służyły wprowadzaniu się w odmienne stany świadomości. Na obszarze andyjskim wykorzystywano w tym celu wiele roślin. Wśród nich poczesne miejsce zajmuje koka. Ze względu na zawartość kokainy była (i jest) wykorzystywana jako naturalny stymulant, znacznie ułatwiający funkcjonowanie w wysokich partiach gór. Pełni też istotną funkcje w systemie tradycyjnych wierzeń, rytuałów i medycyny ludowej. Znaleziska archeologiczne potwierdzają jej użycie w czasach prekolumbijskich. Analizy zabytków archeologicznych, ludzkich szczątków kostnych i ikonografii występującej na wielu artefaktach wskazuje, że od samego początku koka pełniła ważną rolę nie tylko w życiu codziennym i religii, ale także w systemach ekonomicznych lokalnych i państwowych.
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Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 2017
Between approximately 500–1000 CE, much of what is now Peru was integrated into the Wari Empire, ... more Between approximately 500–1000 CE, much of what is now Peru was integrated into the Wari Empire, centered on the archaeological site of Huari in the Peruvian highlands. The recent discovery of the first unlootedWari mausoleum of elite adult females, located at Castillo de Huarmey on the Peruvian coast, provides an unprecedented opportunity to understand the presence of this expansive state in northern Peru. Excavations at Castillo de Huarmey uncovered 58 high-status individuals, mostly adult females, buried with over 1300 spectacular mortuary artifacts and six human sacrifices. Here, we use radiogenic and stable isotope data from 68 enamel and bone samples from 34 individuals buried at Castillo de Huarmey to understand paleomobility and paleodiet at Castillo de Huarmey. For all archaeological human enamel and bone samples analyzed, mean 87Sr/86Sr = 0.70738 ± 0.00030 (2σ, n = 68), mean δ18O carbonate(VPDB) = −8.9 ± 1.5 (2σ, n = 68), and δ13Ccarbonate(VPDB) = −5.8 ± 1.2 (2σ, n = 68). We contextualize these data with data from baseline faunal, soil and water samples from the site. While there were no clear first-generation immigrants in the dataset, paleodietary variability may reflect ties with different regions.
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Piramida w Rapie, wydane przez Muzeum Kultury Ludowej w Węgorzewie, 2017
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Grądy-Woniecko. Ostatni łowcy-zbieracze znad środkowej Narwi Ostatni łowcy-zbieracze znad środkowej Narwi, 2017
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International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, 2016
Evidence of surgical interventions leaving traces on bones is quite abundant in archaeological ma... more Evidence of surgical interventions leaving traces on bones is quite abundant in archaeological material all over the world and is found frequently in the Andes. Among them, trepanations are most common, while amputations represent a relatively small part of the material. These have been reported from a few sites on the Peruvian north coast and archaeologically associated with the Moche culture. In 2013, two new cases from this area were found in situ within the Wari imperial mausoleum excavated at Castillo de Huarmey. Two individuals, one man and one woman, were found in the antechamber, serving as guards for the occupants of the main burial chamber. Their left feet were amputated, disarticulated at the ankle joints, a long time before they died. The article presents this find and discusses the form of amputation and the possible reasons why it was performed. As the context of both individuals possessed the same specifics, suggesting that they performed similar tasks related to religion and ritual, this article also presents a cultural interpretation of these finds, using other artefacts—ceremonial beakers in the form of the left human foot—known from Wari and Tiwanaku cultures.
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Archaeologia Polona vol. 51-52:2013-2014 (2016) Archaeology of Children and Childhood, 2016
Until quite recently archaeology was almost exclusively androcentric, both in the research perfor... more Until quite recently archaeology was almost exclusively androcentric, both in the research performed and in the researchers performing them. The situation changed in 1970s as a result of development of feminism and gender studies. Soon also children started to be a subject of archaeological research. This article is an attempt to apply this relatively new approach into the South American archaeology. Burial assemblages and iconography are analyzed in order to obtain information about the childhood and identification of possible childhood stages of the Moche culture (100-800 CE), with the special focus on the transition from being a child into being an adult. The results give some interesting insights into the Moche social structure, and their relation towards the youngest members of their society.
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Archeologia współczesności, red. Anna Zalewska, 2016
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Tykocin - zamek nad Narwią : (XV - XVIII w.) : badania archeologiczne w latach 1961-1963 i 1999-2007 red. M. Bis i W. Bis, 2015
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Castillo de Huarmey. El Mausoleo Imperial Wari. red. M. Giersz i C. Pardo, 2014
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Papers by Wieslaw Wieckowski
Violence as a bio-cultural phenomenon is closely linked to the history of humanity. This phenomenon in the past is reconstructed by archaeologists as well as bioarchaeologists, who study the material remnants of old cultures and their creators. These remnants include burials, characteristic archaeological sites of defensive nature or works of art. An analysis of archaeological finds from the Peruvian Andes — especially the finds associated with the rituals of human sacrifice or warfare — leads to the conclusion that an important characteristic element of many pre-Columbian cultures was a specific kind of violence: ritualised violence. A cross-analysis of bioarchaeological, archaeological and iconographic data makes it possible to provide a more complete interpretation of violent behaviours of societies in the past, societies for which there are no extant historical sources.
University of Florida Press, Gainesville
Abstract:
During the 2010 and 2012 excavation seasons, a Polish-Peruvian team excavated a small elevated mound – the remains of a platform – located in the northern sector of Castillo de Huarmey archaeological site, unearthing relics of stone architecture and a number of burials dated to the latter part of the Early Horizon (ca. 800-100 BC). Although the entire cemetery has not been excavated, the burial pattern that emerges from burials known to date is fairly clear and seems to be consistent with that of other Early Horizon sites from the north coast of Peru. Within the group of burials from Huarmey, four are rather atypical, they differ from the overall burial pattern in terms of body arrangement, as well as the presence of possible pre- and post-depositional alterations to the remains. Two skeletons of adult individuals were deposited in a completely different manner from the others, and two children were also buried in a rather unusual way. This chapter presents these four deviant burials, describes their context, and offers possible interpretations regarding the reasons for these atypical depositions using iconographic and archaeological analogies.
Keywords: Andean Archaeology, Castillo de Huarmey, Early Horizon, Burials, Iconography
Violence as a bio-cultural phenomenon is closely linked to the history of humanity. This phenomenon in the past is reconstructed by archaeologists as well as bioarchaeologists, who study the material remnants of old cultures and their creators. These remnants include burials, characteristic archaeological sites of defensive nature or works of art. An analysis of archaeological finds from the Peruvian Andes — especially the finds associated with the rituals of human sacrifice or warfare — leads to the conclusion that an important characteristic element of many pre-Columbian cultures was a specific kind of violence: ritualised violence. A cross-analysis of bioarchaeological, archaeological and iconographic data makes it possible to provide a more complete interpretation of violent behaviours of societies in the past, societies for which there are no extant historical sources.
University of Florida Press, Gainesville
Abstract:
During the 2010 and 2012 excavation seasons, a Polish-Peruvian team excavated a small elevated mound – the remains of a platform – located in the northern sector of Castillo de Huarmey archaeological site, unearthing relics of stone architecture and a number of burials dated to the latter part of the Early Horizon (ca. 800-100 BC). Although the entire cemetery has not been excavated, the burial pattern that emerges from burials known to date is fairly clear and seems to be consistent with that of other Early Horizon sites from the north coast of Peru. Within the group of burials from Huarmey, four are rather atypical, they differ from the overall burial pattern in terms of body arrangement, as well as the presence of possible pre- and post-depositional alterations to the remains. Two skeletons of adult individuals were deposited in a completely different manner from the others, and two children were also buried in a rather unusual way. This chapter presents these four deviant burials, describes their context, and offers possible interpretations regarding the reasons for these atypical depositions using iconographic and archaeological analogies.
Keywords: Andean Archaeology, Castillo de Huarmey, Early Horizon, Burials, Iconography