The social role of universities has been the subject of a lengthy debate as to whether those who ... more The social role of universities has been the subject of a lengthy debate as to whether those who teach in the academy are system-legitimizing conservatives or radicals helping to generate critical thinking that challenges the status quo. The aim of this paper is to evaluate political affiliations of Canadian university professors based on a national survey conducted in 2000. The study shows that Canadian professors' political affiliation can be identified as either left or right depending on how the political orientation of political parties is conceptualized. University professors tend to vote more for the Liberal Party than other parties, and view it as centrist party. Moreover, the study highlights a complex and non-monolithic picture of the Canadian academy. University professors are not politically homogenous and party vote depends on the prestige of their university, their discipline, gender, ethnicity, marital status, generation, and agreement with liberalism.
This paper analyses on the discourses employed by a subset of gay and bisexual men who no longer ... more This paper analyses on the discourses employed by a subset of gay and bisexual men who no longer practise protected sex more than twenty years into the HIV epidemic. In-depth interviews with 102 men in Toronto are used to examine the moral reasoning of those for whom the language of barebacking provides a shared set of accounts and tacit understandings for unprotected sex. Barebacking raises some of the central issues of contemporary theory around risk, responsibility, and ethics, and poses new challenges to HIV prevention policy as barebacking discourses adapt some of the major tenets of neoliberal ideology by combining notions of informed consent, contractual interaction, free market choice, and responsibility in new ways. At the same time, interviews with barebackers reveal competing and contradictory discourses that suggest new avenues of engagement for HIV prevention initiatives.
Hiv Aids Policy Law Review Canadian Hiv Aids Legal Network, Dec 1, 2009
Justice Edwin Cameron, of the Constitutional Court of South Africa, served as moderator. He said ... more Justice Edwin Cameron, of the Constitutional Court of South Africa, served as moderator. He said that this topic was particularly relevant for "an African/Canadian setting" because African countries may use Canadian developments as justification for their efforts to address HIV transmission and exposure through criminal law. Justice Cameron said that Canada is internationally perceived as a human rights-respecting state and, thus, sets an example, particularly for African nations, on how to comply with human rights issues. He added that in this particular case, however, Canada was sending the wrong message. This article contains summaries of the four presentations made during this panel. Marlys Edwardh reviews how the Supreme Court of Canada in Cuerrier interpreted the concepts of "endangering life" and "fraud". Barry Adam discusses the notion of a "duty to disclose" and how this affects HIV prevention. Lucie Joncas examines how the Supreme Court defined "fraud" in Cuerrier and describes a case before the Quebec Court of Appeal which may turn on whether the use of a condom or having a low viral load is considered not to constitute a significant risk of transmission. Finally, Michaela Clayton describes the trend in Southern African countries to adopt laws criminalizing HIV transmission or exposure, and explains that criminalization endangers women's health and lives.
Hiv Aids Policy Law Review Canadian Hiv Aids Legal Network, Oct 1, 2010
This article provides summaries of the six presentations made during the panel. Stéphanie Claviaz... more This article provides summaries of the six presentations made during the panel. Stéphanie Claviaz-Loranger gives an overview of the recent developments in Canadian law since R v. Cuerrier. Barry Adam discusses views of people living with HIV/AIDS (PHAs) with respect to the criminalization of HIV transmission and exposure. Shannon Thomas Ryan discusses the racialized nature of criminalization. Eric Mykhalovskiy explains the available policy options for Ontario concerning criminalization, and calls on the Ministry of the Attorney General to establish a consultation process to inform the development of policy and practice memoranda. Glenn Betteridge discusses the development and work of the Ontario Prosecutorial Guidelines Campaign. Finally, Lisa Power presents the experience of England and Wales with regard to HIV criminalization.
This article reports on a social marketing campaign directed toward high-risk men who have sex wi... more This article reports on a social marketing campaign directed toward high-risk men who have sex with men in Toronto and Ottawa to encourage testing for HIV and syphilis; improve knowledge about HIV transmission, seroconversion symptoms, and the HIV window period; and heighten awareness of syphilis transmission and its relationship to facilitating HIV transmission. Evaluation data were collected from a large-scale online pre-and postcampaign survey of sexually active men who have sex with men and from laboratory testing data. Men who turned up to be tested also filled out an exit survey. The campaign websites attracted some 15,000 unique visitors, 54% of whom had an IP address in Toronto or Ottawa. Laboratory data showed a 20% increase in HIV testing in Toronto over the campaign compared to the previous year. The overall rate of HIV-positive tests remained relatively constant. Knowledge levels about seroconversion symptoms, sexually transmitted infection and HIV transmission, and the ...
HIV/AIDS policy & law review / Canadian HIV/AIDS Legal Network, 2009
Justice Edwin Cameron, of the Constitutional Court of South Africa, served as moderator. He said ... more Justice Edwin Cameron, of the Constitutional Court of South Africa, served as moderator. He said that this topic was particularly relevant for "an African/Canadian setting" because African countries may use Canadian developments as justification for their efforts to address HIV transmission and exposure through criminal law. Justice Cameron said that Canada is internationally perceived as a human rights-respecting state and, thus, sets an example, particularly for African nations, on how to comply with human rights issues. He added that in this particular case, however, Canada was sending the wrong message. This article contains summaries of the four presentations made during this panel. Marlys Edwardh reviews how the Supreme Court of Canada in Cuerrier interpreted the concepts of "endangering life" and "fraud". Barry Adam discusses the notion of a "duty to disclose" and how this affects HIV prevention. Lucie Joncas examines how the Supreme Co...
This study reports on one-on-one interviews and focus groups with gay and bisexual men over forty... more This study reports on one-on-one interviews and focus groups with gay and bisexual men over forty, concerning their vulnerability to HIV. Respondents report a range of age-related issues that impact on safer sex decision-making including decreased attractiveness, widowerhood, loss of support networks from AIDS, and anticipated future quality of life, as well as strengths and satisfactions that decrease their risk. Respondents typically attributed unsafe sex in other men to popular discourses around (1) condom fatigue, (2) treatment optimism, and (3) inserter invulnerability, but deny that these ideas explain their own behaviour. They identify their own risk situations with: depression, impending mortality, trading off safe sex, and the effect of condoms in keeping erections. Community-building projects that begin to address risk situations have followed from this research with the AIDS Committee of Toronto.
Drawing on in-depth interviews with 60 people with HIV disease and 40 of their caregivers, this a... more Drawing on in-depth interviews with 60 people with HIV disease and 40 of their caregivers, this article reports on the effects of HIV seropositivity on sexual interaction and relationship formation. Using a sample representing gay and heterosexual, black and white, and male and female respondents, we focus on how people in the syndrome account for, cope with, and work through problems associated with HIV. While disengagement from sexuality is common, at least initially, many respondents successfully readjusted the mutual understandings of ongoing relationships or went on to develop new ones, often with seronegative people. Further, we compare the experiences of those already in relationships when they test HIV-positive to those seeking new relationships and discuss problems of disclosure and safer sex, with notes on the responses and perceptions of HIV-negative sexual partners.
The social role of universities has been the subject of a lengthy debate as to whether those who ... more The social role of universities has been the subject of a lengthy debate as to whether those who teach in the academy are system-legitimizing conservatives or radicals helping to generate critical thinking that challenges the status quo. The aim of this paper is to evaluate political affiliations of Canadian university professors based on a national survey conducted in 2000. The study shows that Canadian professors' political affiliation can be identified as either left or right depending on how the political orientation of political parties is conceptualized. University professors tend to vote more for the Liberal Party than other parties, and view it as centrist party. Moreover, the study highlights a complex and non-monolithic picture of the Canadian academy. University professors are not politically homogenous and party vote depends on the prestige of their university, their discipline, gender, ethnicity, marital status, generation, and agreement with liberalism.
This paper analyses on the discourses employed by a subset of gay and bisexual men who no longer ... more This paper analyses on the discourses employed by a subset of gay and bisexual men who no longer practise protected sex more than twenty years into the HIV epidemic. In-depth interviews with 102 men in Toronto are used to examine the moral reasoning of those for whom the language of barebacking provides a shared set of accounts and tacit understandings for unprotected sex. Barebacking raises some of the central issues of contemporary theory around risk, responsibility, and ethics, and poses new challenges to HIV prevention policy as barebacking discourses adapt some of the major tenets of neoliberal ideology by combining notions of informed consent, contractual interaction, free market choice, and responsibility in new ways. At the same time, interviews with barebackers reveal competing and contradictory discourses that suggest new avenues of engagement for HIV prevention initiatives.
Hiv Aids Policy Law Review Canadian Hiv Aids Legal Network, Dec 1, 2009
Justice Edwin Cameron, of the Constitutional Court of South Africa, served as moderator. He said ... more Justice Edwin Cameron, of the Constitutional Court of South Africa, served as moderator. He said that this topic was particularly relevant for "an African/Canadian setting" because African countries may use Canadian developments as justification for their efforts to address HIV transmission and exposure through criminal law. Justice Cameron said that Canada is internationally perceived as a human rights-respecting state and, thus, sets an example, particularly for African nations, on how to comply with human rights issues. He added that in this particular case, however, Canada was sending the wrong message. This article contains summaries of the four presentations made during this panel. Marlys Edwardh reviews how the Supreme Court of Canada in Cuerrier interpreted the concepts of "endangering life" and "fraud". Barry Adam discusses the notion of a "duty to disclose" and how this affects HIV prevention. Lucie Joncas examines how the Supreme Court defined "fraud" in Cuerrier and describes a case before the Quebec Court of Appeal which may turn on whether the use of a condom or having a low viral load is considered not to constitute a significant risk of transmission. Finally, Michaela Clayton describes the trend in Southern African countries to adopt laws criminalizing HIV transmission or exposure, and explains that criminalization endangers women's health and lives.
Hiv Aids Policy Law Review Canadian Hiv Aids Legal Network, Oct 1, 2010
This article provides summaries of the six presentations made during the panel. Stéphanie Claviaz... more This article provides summaries of the six presentations made during the panel. Stéphanie Claviaz-Loranger gives an overview of the recent developments in Canadian law since R v. Cuerrier. Barry Adam discusses views of people living with HIV/AIDS (PHAs) with respect to the criminalization of HIV transmission and exposure. Shannon Thomas Ryan discusses the racialized nature of criminalization. Eric Mykhalovskiy explains the available policy options for Ontario concerning criminalization, and calls on the Ministry of the Attorney General to establish a consultation process to inform the development of policy and practice memoranda. Glenn Betteridge discusses the development and work of the Ontario Prosecutorial Guidelines Campaign. Finally, Lisa Power presents the experience of England and Wales with regard to HIV criminalization.
This article reports on a social marketing campaign directed toward high-risk men who have sex wi... more This article reports on a social marketing campaign directed toward high-risk men who have sex with men in Toronto and Ottawa to encourage testing for HIV and syphilis; improve knowledge about HIV transmission, seroconversion symptoms, and the HIV window period; and heighten awareness of syphilis transmission and its relationship to facilitating HIV transmission. Evaluation data were collected from a large-scale online pre-and postcampaign survey of sexually active men who have sex with men and from laboratory testing data. Men who turned up to be tested also filled out an exit survey. The campaign websites attracted some 15,000 unique visitors, 54% of whom had an IP address in Toronto or Ottawa. Laboratory data showed a 20% increase in HIV testing in Toronto over the campaign compared to the previous year. The overall rate of HIV-positive tests remained relatively constant. Knowledge levels about seroconversion symptoms, sexually transmitted infection and HIV transmission, and the ...
HIV/AIDS policy & law review / Canadian HIV/AIDS Legal Network, 2009
Justice Edwin Cameron, of the Constitutional Court of South Africa, served as moderator. He said ... more Justice Edwin Cameron, of the Constitutional Court of South Africa, served as moderator. He said that this topic was particularly relevant for "an African/Canadian setting" because African countries may use Canadian developments as justification for their efforts to address HIV transmission and exposure through criminal law. Justice Cameron said that Canada is internationally perceived as a human rights-respecting state and, thus, sets an example, particularly for African nations, on how to comply with human rights issues. He added that in this particular case, however, Canada was sending the wrong message. This article contains summaries of the four presentations made during this panel. Marlys Edwardh reviews how the Supreme Court of Canada in Cuerrier interpreted the concepts of "endangering life" and "fraud". Barry Adam discusses the notion of a "duty to disclose" and how this affects HIV prevention. Lucie Joncas examines how the Supreme Co...
This study reports on one-on-one interviews and focus groups with gay and bisexual men over forty... more This study reports on one-on-one interviews and focus groups with gay and bisexual men over forty, concerning their vulnerability to HIV. Respondents report a range of age-related issues that impact on safer sex decision-making including decreased attractiveness, widowerhood, loss of support networks from AIDS, and anticipated future quality of life, as well as strengths and satisfactions that decrease their risk. Respondents typically attributed unsafe sex in other men to popular discourses around (1) condom fatigue, (2) treatment optimism, and (3) inserter invulnerability, but deny that these ideas explain their own behaviour. They identify their own risk situations with: depression, impending mortality, trading off safe sex, and the effect of condoms in keeping erections. Community-building projects that begin to address risk situations have followed from this research with the AIDS Committee of Toronto.
Drawing on in-depth interviews with 60 people with HIV disease and 40 of their caregivers, this a... more Drawing on in-depth interviews with 60 people with HIV disease and 40 of their caregivers, this article reports on the effects of HIV seropositivity on sexual interaction and relationship formation. Using a sample representing gay and heterosexual, black and white, and male and female respondents, we focus on how people in the syndrome account for, cope with, and work through problems associated with HIV. While disengagement from sexuality is common, at least initially, many respondents successfully readjusted the mutual understandings of ongoing relationships or went on to develop new ones, often with seronegative people. Further, we compare the experiences of those already in relationships when they test HIV-positive to those seeking new relationships and discuss problems of disclosure and safer sex, with notes on the responses and perceptions of HIV-negative sexual partners.
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