Papers by Guiraldo Fernandez
Journal of Agriculture and Technology Management, 2023
The Community-Based Forest Management Agreement (CBFMA) program, which aims to promote sustainabl... more The Community-Based Forest Management Agreement (CBFMA) program, which aims to promote sustainable forest management and conservation, faces challenges in effectively implementing its goals. A qualitative study compared a tenurial holder People's Organization (PO) in Brgy. Poblacion District I, covered by the CBFMA, with a non-tenurial holder PO in Brgy. Bacong, Babatngon, Leyte, to explore the
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Social Ethics Society Journal of Applied Philosophy, 2024
Rainforestation is a native tree forest restoration innovation. In the
1990s, a woman was signif... more Rainforestation is a native tree forest restoration innovation. In the
1990s, a woman was significantly a part of the conceptualization of
Rainforestation. In recent years, Rainforestation had been introduced
in two small Municipalities in the Visayas where a number of people
have embraced said conservation innovation. Nevertheless, this
researcher has observed that the drivers of Rainforestation’s
implementation in two grassroots communities in the Visayas have
been women. This study aims to investigate what moved a woman to
conceptualize Rainforestation, explore what has motivated the woman
who conceptualized Rainforestation and the two groups of women
from different communities to take charge in the implementation of
Rainforestation at the national level and in their respective localities, determine the challenges of this women-led forest restoration
initiatives, investigates into the things or benefits that Rainforestation
has given to the Rainforestation adopters, and decipher elements of
gender politics in the realm of Rainforestation’s conceptualization and
implementation.
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SPAFA Journal, 2023
In the Roman Catholic Diocese of Maasin, on the island of Leyte, Philippines, there remain today ... more In the Roman Catholic Diocese of Maasin, on the island of Leyte, Philippines, there remain today seven Filipino-Spanish churches. The oldest among these structures was built in the first half of the 17th century, while the newest was built at the closing of the 19th century. As the island of Leyte is proximate to the island of Mindanao, the early Leyteños had been living under the threat of the slave raids from the South that waxed and waned under the colonial Spanish rule. This paper examined how the façade designs of these seven Filipino-Spanish churches interacted with the changing frequencies and intensities of these slave raids. This paper was able to identify two types of façades from waxing slave raids period and another two types of façades from the waning slave raids period. The findings of this paper will contribute to the sparse literature on Philippine ecclesiastical architecture as well as to the Philippine architecture during the Spanish colonial period. Specifically, this will contribute to the deeper understanding on the interaction between the slave raids from the South and Philippine ecclesiastical architecture during the Spanish colonial period.
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SABTON Multidisciplinary Research Journal, 2019
The use of the Filipino national language in the Philippine educational system has varied effects... more The use of the Filipino national language in the Philippine educational system has varied effects
in the linguistically diverse Philippines. In the realm of Philosophy, advocating for the Filipino
national language as a strategy in philosophizing and developing Filipino philosophy may sound
politically correct, especially if done in the Tagalog-speaking areas. However, such advocacy may
mean differently in non-Tagalog-speaking areas. The advocates of the Filipino language for
Filipino philosophy trace their principles to such renowned Filipino philosophers as Ferriols, the
first one to use the Filipino language as a medium of philosophical-educational instruction, and
Quito, the first one to use the same language in writing and publishing philosophical works. This
paper, consisting of interviews, takes a look at the same advocacy from the perspective of four
Philosophy professors Mercado, Maboloc, Suazo and Ocay. The intention of this interview paper
is to show that the relationship between language and Filipino philosophy is still a problematic
issue that needs to be philosophically explored further. The voices of these four professors must
also be heard and taken into consideration by anyone with the tendency to pontificate for simplistic
principle that Filipino language should be used in philosophizing and developing Filipino
philosophy.
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International Journal of Aquatic Science, 2021
This study explores into the concepts of democracy and environment in relation
to the notions of... more This study explores into the concepts of democracy and environment in relation
to the notions of peace of the fishermen of the coastal fishing community of Sitio
Lapawon, Barangay Santo Rosario, Baybay, Leyte. This study is qualitative in nature and
specifically employed the method of ethnography and interpretative analysis. By delving
into the experiences of the fishermen themselves, this researcher would try to determine the
fishermen’s notion of peace in relation to their lives as intertwined with the behavior of the
sea, examine the essence of democracy that lead to the realm of environment conservation
and investigate into the effects of environment conservation as a result of the working of
the democratic principles in the lives of the fishermen. This study has found out that for
the fishermen of Sitio Lapawon, Barangay Santo Rosario,Baybay, Leyte, peace is
understood in relation to the concept of pagbulig sa tawo sa kinaiyahan (human person’s
support and care for mother nature) and pagbulig sa panahon (the natural environment’s
favorable behavior towards the human person). These two concepts relate to the concept of
democracy since they have semblances in relation to the concepts of citizen empowerment,
peaceful life, and mutual help. This paper then concludes that peace can only be achieved
if fishermen live in harmony with nature and that attaining peace is more enhanced if
people striving for it live in a democratic society. Furthermore, this study also concludes
that the notion of citizen empowerment is a significant factor in the fishermen’s attainment
of peace. Lastly, this study concludes that the notions of mutual help and the quest for a
peaceful life made it possible for the fishermen to arrive at a sense of peace.
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Turkish Online Journal of Qualitative Inquiry (TOJQI) Volume 12 No. 7, 2021
This study delves into the development of Rainforestation into an instrument for Environmental Ed... more This study delves into the development of Rainforestation into an instrument for Environmental Education. It utilizes the qualitative narrative research method to investigate the experiences of a people's organization in a rural community in Leyte, Philippines. This paper explores into the aspects of how Rainforestation has served as a tool to teach people to care for the natural environment. Moreover, this paper also looks into the challenges that the members of the people's organization met in adopting and implementing the Rainforestation program. Finally, this study inquires into the things that Environmental Education has brought to the adopters' community through the years. This study then concludes that Rainforestation has become an instrument for Environmental Education because of the learning by doing principle. It concludes further that though many challenges have confronted the adopters in the process of Rainforestation adoption, said challenges had been overcome because of adopters' resolve that it was their only hope to address the gross exploitation of the environment. Lastly, this study concludes that Rainforestation has brought educational, environmental, and economic benefits to the members of the people's organization.
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SPAFA Journal: Journal of the SEAMEO Regional Centre for Archaeology and Fine Arts, 2021
In the Roman Catholic Diocese of Maasin, on the island of Leyte, Philippines, there remain today ... more In the Roman Catholic Diocese of Maasin, on the island of Leyte, Philippines, there remain today seven Filipino-Spanish churches that are made of stone, mortar and wood, ranging from almost four centuries to more than a century old. The Island of Leyte, as home to 22 active and dormant volcanoes, as exposed to the atmospheric disturbances from the Pacific Ocean, and as bisected by the Philippine Fault Line, is more at risk to extreme natural hazards than an average Philippine island. By looking at the interplay between the resistance/vulnerability of these churches on one hand, and the natural hazards threatening these churches on the other hand, this paper proffers mitigating recommendations to the primary stakeholders with the purview of increasing the resilience of these same churches. The data on the resistance/vulnerability of the said churches were gathered through rapid survey, while the data on natural hazards were gathered through existing hazard maps and web applications. The methodology laid out by this paper can be a useful initial step for the conservation of heritage structures in developing societies.
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Science and Humanities Journal, 2020
This study is a documentation of the Visayas State University environmental consciousness drive f... more This study is a documentation of the Visayas State University environmental consciousness drive for Senior High School students and youth leaders through an environmental jamboree in April 2018. Through quantitative and qualitative research methods, this study is designed to determine the Senior High School students and youth leaders' basic understanding of the essence of nature conservation and assess their learnings from the environmental jamboree lectures, environmentally-themed adventure race, and cultural night. In addition, this study enables the participants to develop personal reflections on their realizations of the importance of environment conservation. This study concludes that the environmental jamboree participants have little knowledge about environmental conservation at the start of the activity. Moreover, the participant's knowledge in the realm of nature conservation has significantly improved after they participated in the different activities of the environmental jamboree. Finally, the activities in the environmental jamboree have enabled the participants to realize that good ecosystem service only comes from a clean and healthy environment. Furthermore, this study reinforced another realization that environmental conservation efforts would be more successful if there is unity and coordination among people. Nevertheless, the participants were informed that such realizations could only materialize if there is determination and hard work among people involved in environmental conservation efforts.
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SABTON: Multidisciplinary Research Journal, 2021
Peace is one thing that many cultures understand and define. As language is a part of culture, pe... more Peace is one thing that many cultures understand and define. As language is a part of culture, peace is also expressed and construed in a variety of ways. This paper explores into how members of two marginalized communities, a coastal fishing barangay and a farming village in the hinterlands of Baybay City in the western part of Leyte, understand the notion of peace. Using the framework of Virgilio Enriquez's makapilipinong pananaliksik, this study aims to determine the Baybayanon local terms fisherfolks and farmers relate to peace, inquire into the various aspects of how Baybayanon fisherfolks and farmers define peace, and understand the Baybayanon fisherfolks and farmers' means of achieving peace. This study then concludes that Baybayanon fisherfolks and farmers notions of peace are expressed through the terms and definitions in line with the peace concepts of kinabuhi sa kinaiyahan (life in relation to the environment), gugma sa isig ka tawo (love for others) and pagsalig ug pagtuo sa Ginoo (trust and faith in God).
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Social Science Diliman: A Philippine Journal of Society and Change, 2019
In 1983, the National Historical Institute of the Republic of the Philippines placed a historical... more In 1983, the National Historical Institute of the Republic of the Philippines placed a historical marker on the front left side of the Our Lady of the Assumption Cathedral, a two-hundred-year-old structure located in Maasin City, Southern Leyte, Philippines. This Cathedral is the seat of the now half-acentury-old Diocese of Maasin. While pursuing a larger research project, entitled "Cataloguing and baselining the seven Filipino-Spanish churches of the Diocese of Maasin, " which was funded by the National Commission on Culture and the Arts of the Republic of the Philippines, the research team was able to uncover glaring errors in such a historical marker. This paper addresses these errors, explains their possible causes/sources, and proposes a more historically accurate text that can be used to revise this important historical marker.
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Social Ethics Society Journal of Applied Philosophy, 2020
This study explores the connection of Anthropocentrism, forest loss, Corona Virus 2019 and Rainfo... more This study explores the connection of Anthropocentrism, forest loss, Corona Virus 2019 and Rainforestation. Using the qualitative textual interpretative method in light of Hans Georg Gadamer's ontological hermeneutics, this study aims at the following objectives: to understand the connection between the notions of Anthropocentrism to Forest loss; to comprehend the aspects on how forest loss is very much related to the emergence of deadly viruses such as the Corona Virus 2019; and to assess using the existing literature whether or not Rainforestation could address the problem of severe forest exploitation thereby minimizing the chance of deadly viruses to emerge. This study concludes that Anthropocentrism is one of the main causes of deforestation because it is construed to be of value in relation to its utility to humans. Also, the massive deforestation serves as occasions for fatal viruses to emerge since it pushed wild animals to interact with domesticated animals and humans thereby facilitating the transfer of the virus from animals to humans. Lastly, Rainforestation could be a useful innovation to address the challenge of future pandemics since it brings back biodiversity and ecological functions which are most needed to contain wildlife in their natural habitat.
Keywords: Human centeredness, emerging diseases and environment conservation
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International Journal of Research Studies in Education, 2020
This qualitative research sought to identify the challenges and problems encountered by two indiv... more This qualitative research sought to identify the challenges and problems encountered by two individual adopters in their journey to protect and conserve the island of Pilar, Camotes. More specifically, it attempted to describe the personal attributes of the adopters who are teachers by profession as they lead in the implementation of environmental programs in the schools where they are teaching and on the island of Pilar, Camotes in general. The data were gathered from in-depth interviews with these two key informants who dauntlessly undertook the enormous challenge of educating the students and residents in Pilar, Camotes about environmental awareness and programs aimed at saving the island's terrestrial resource from degradation. Given their years of experience and service with the National Greening Program (NGP), the two respondents had sufficiently provided crucial information relative to Boddy's (2016) and Eisenhart and Borko's (1993) requirements for sample size for qualitative research. Results showed that many residents and students as well still exhibited negative attitudes towards environmental efforts. However, this pessimism is but the symptom of a much bigger problem which, based on the data gathered, is rooted in poverty. This problem surfaced as one of the biggest challenges that the adopters have encountered. However, despite this and many other difficulties encountered in the implementation of environmental programs, the adopters revealed that it is their sheer dedication and love for the environment that have kept their courage intact. Devoid of this genuine concern for Mother Earth and for the future residents of the island, they could easily succumb into the trap of lethargy, worse, apathy. If this happens, it will mean the end of Mother Earth.
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Social Ethics Society Journal of Applied Philosophy, 2020
This article looks into the aspects on how the members of the Nagkahiusang Katawhan sa Esperanza ... more This article looks into the aspects on how the members of the Nagkahiusang Katawhan sa Esperanza (NAKASE), a people's organization in the island Municipality of Pilar, Camotes, Cebu construe Rainforestation as an instrument for sustainable development. Using the narrative research method, this study has aimed to determine the reasons that facilitated the NAKASE members to adopt Rainforestation, inquire into the context on why the NAKASE Rainforestation adopters have construed Rainforestation as a means to achieve a development that is sustainable and practical, and find out the impacts of Rainforestation to the lives of the NAKASE members. This study concludes that Rainforestation adoption in Pilar, Camotes, Cebu, has been driven by both environmental and economic reasons. Moreover, this study further claims that sustainable development is only achieved when people do share in achieving the said end. In the case of NAKASE, the members have construed that sustainable development has been attained through Rainforestation adoption. Lastly, this study argues that Rainforestation adoption in relation to the structure of NAKASE has paved the way for the emergence of women empowerment, gender equality, and equal division of labor among the members of the organization.
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Recoletos Multidisciplinary Research Journal Vol. 7 No. 2, 2019
Rainforestation (RF) is a reforestation strategy designed to address the problem of dwindling Phi... more Rainforestation (RF) is a reforestation strategy designed to address the problem of dwindling Philippine forest landscapes by planting native trees to unproductive and idol lands. It was introduced in the early 1990's to ensure that forests only have species that are endemic in the country. Using the method of hermeneutic phenomenology, this paper concludes that the Philippine indigenous tree species have enhanced the viability of Rainforestation as a major conservation strategy in the Philippines as compared to the exotic trees used by the government in the 1970s and 1980s and therefore, is very significant in promoting biodiversity and sustainable development.
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International Journal of Environmental and Rural Development, 2018
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Social Ethics Society Journal of Applied Philosophy, 2019
Peasants occupy the lowest stratum in many societies. They are often marginalized whose voices ar... more Peasants occupy the lowest stratum in many societies. They are often marginalized whose voices are left neglected. In the Philippines, peasants comprise a large chunk of its population. They are construed as vulnerable to rebellious peasant movements since in many Philippine countryside, one can easily see the reality of the violent contrast between the wealthy few and the poverty stricken masses. This reality served as main causes for periodic peasant revolts during the Spanish period as well as the Hukbalahap rebellion during the Second World War until the late 1940s until the early 1950s. 1 Yet, in a farming community in Baybay, Leyte, peasants manifest just the opposite. They live peaceful lives. This paper explores how peasants understand the notion of peace as they live their lives as tillers of the land. Using the method of ethnography, this study aims to investigate how the peasant farmers understand peace in relation to their lives as directly influenced by the behavior of the natural environment as well
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Asia Pacific Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Vol.7 No.2, 2019
One of the offshoots of urbanization is the construction of reclamation sites. In the province of... more One of the offshoots of urbanization is the construction of reclamation sites. In the province of Leyte, the conversion of the municipality of Baybay into a city paves the way for this development project. With this, people living in the city poblacion's coastal barangays were affected by the new development. Using the qualitative research method of hermeneutic phenomenology, this study aims to investigate the reclamation project's effects on the lives of the affected residents specifically on the social, environmental and economic aspects. This study then concludes that negative effects have been felt on the social aspect of the residents' lives as discernible in the violation of their basic human rights to information. This has caused fears and apprehensions among the affected in relation to their housing needs, availability of work and the continuance of their social inter-connectedness. Furthermore, this study concludes that the reclamation project has brought environmental degradation caused by the project's construction and has prevented the residents to enjoy the aesthetic benefits and other ecosystem services that they used to have before the start of the project. Lastly, this study concludes that the reclamation project has negatively affected the economic aspect ofthe residents' lives. With the degradation and change of landscape in the residents' community, the residents' have been limited and prevented in their fishing activities which have been their main source of income. This also includes the fishermen's dwindling catch and the obliteration of the residents' activity of gathering shells and crabs during low tides.
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Asia Pacific Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, Vol.7, no.1, 2019
Filipino Philosophy is on the process of developing a strong and unique foundation. Space, being ... more Filipino Philosophy is on the process of developing a strong and unique foundation. Space, being an essential topic in Philosophy, is the focus of this study using the perspective of the Filipino, particularly the Visayan. This study uses the hermeneutic phenomenology and key informant interview as its method of gathering data. This study finds out that kahimtang connotes a deep understanding that a person is situated in a particular space. Space for the Visayan is their lugar nga pinuy-anan and lugar nga trabahuan. Both kinds of lugar refer to the kahimtang a man has. If a person is living in a big and grandiose house, it is said that a person living in it is rich (adunahan). If a person is living in a small house built of light materials, it is said that the person is poor (kanbus). Adunahan and kakabus are two kahimtangs which are related to the financial stability of a person. Furthermore, in the Visayas to say the least, the lugar sa gitrabahuan also tells the kahimtang of a person. If a person is working on a farm and is tilling the land, one would say that he/she is poor. If a person is working on an airconditioned office, then he/she is in a better kahimtang. Lugar is said to be maayo or di maayo (good or bad). The desirable place by the people is a good place to have better kahimtang. On the other hand, the non-desirable place will certainly lead to a bad kahimtang. This study might be used in teaching Philosophy and in understanding the Visayan people.
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Social Ethics Society Journal of Applied Philosophy Vol. 4 no. 2, 2018
Enlightened Anthropocentrism holds that moral duties towards the natural environment are derived ... more Enlightened Anthropocentrism holds that moral duties towards the natural environment are derived from human beings' duties towards their fellow earth inhabitants. 1 Using Hermeneutic Phenomenology, this paper contends that Enlightened Anthropocentrism is discernable in the Filipino Visayan fisherfolks' notion and practice of Pagbulig sa Tawo sa Kinaiyahan (or man's act of protecting the environment). The aim of this article is to examine this notion, which manifests concrete applications of Enlightened Anthropocentrism in the fishing practices of these fisherfolks. This study concludes that Enlightened Anthropocentrism is a call for moderation, an act done for man's self-preservation and an entry point towards sustainable development.
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Journal of Agriculture and Technology Management Vol. 21 no. 1, 2018
Rainforestation is a technology designed to make use of unproductive lands by planting native tre... more Rainforestation is a technology designed to make use of unproductive lands by planting native tree species which are not widely used in the Philippine government's reforestation program. In ensuring that rainforestation would be effectively implemented, the Visayas State University (VSU) with the help of the German Cooperation Agency (GIZ) has entered into a partnership with the Cienda San Vicente Farmers' Association (CSVFA) in Baybay City, Leyte. More than twenty years after implementation, the CSVFA rainforestation farm is presently standing in Barangay Gabas, Baybay City, Leyte. It is in this aspect that this study would investigate whether or not Durkheim's notion of mechanical solidarity had served as a factor for the success of the existing demonstration farm especially in its implementation stage. Using the method of interpretative textual analysis and key informant interviews through hermeneutic phenomenology, this study concludes that 1) the achievement of the pioneering rainforestation adopters is inspired by their collective drive to protect of what is left of the natural environment; 2) this study also concludes that the success of CSVFA rainforestation efforts is also attributable to the nature of their society which is somewhat pre-industrialized and small – a clear manifestation of Durkheim's mechanical solidarity, and lastly; 3) this study also concludes that the very notion that there is no personal property in relation to their notion of ownership to the rainforestation demonstration farm and that there is only the existence of collective property drives people to care for it and work for the sake of its well-being. With this, this paper has arrived at a general conclusion that Durkheim's notion of mechanical solidarity is construed to be one of the significant factors in the implementation and success of the CSVFA rainforestation farm.
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Papers by Guiraldo Fernandez
1990s, a woman was significantly a part of the conceptualization of
Rainforestation. In recent years, Rainforestation had been introduced
in two small Municipalities in the Visayas where a number of people
have embraced said conservation innovation. Nevertheless, this
researcher has observed that the drivers of Rainforestation’s
implementation in two grassroots communities in the Visayas have
been women. This study aims to investigate what moved a woman to
conceptualize Rainforestation, explore what has motivated the woman
who conceptualized Rainforestation and the two groups of women
from different communities to take charge in the implementation of
Rainforestation at the national level and in their respective localities, determine the challenges of this women-led forest restoration
initiatives, investigates into the things or benefits that Rainforestation
has given to the Rainforestation adopters, and decipher elements of
gender politics in the realm of Rainforestation’s conceptualization and
implementation.
in the linguistically diverse Philippines. In the realm of Philosophy, advocating for the Filipino
national language as a strategy in philosophizing and developing Filipino philosophy may sound
politically correct, especially if done in the Tagalog-speaking areas. However, such advocacy may
mean differently in non-Tagalog-speaking areas. The advocates of the Filipino language for
Filipino philosophy trace their principles to such renowned Filipino philosophers as Ferriols, the
first one to use the Filipino language as a medium of philosophical-educational instruction, and
Quito, the first one to use the same language in writing and publishing philosophical works. This
paper, consisting of interviews, takes a look at the same advocacy from the perspective of four
Philosophy professors Mercado, Maboloc, Suazo and Ocay. The intention of this interview paper
is to show that the relationship between language and Filipino philosophy is still a problematic
issue that needs to be philosophically explored further. The voices of these four professors must
also be heard and taken into consideration by anyone with the tendency to pontificate for simplistic
principle that Filipino language should be used in philosophizing and developing Filipino
philosophy.
to the notions of peace of the fishermen of the coastal fishing community of Sitio
Lapawon, Barangay Santo Rosario, Baybay, Leyte. This study is qualitative in nature and
specifically employed the method of ethnography and interpretative analysis. By delving
into the experiences of the fishermen themselves, this researcher would try to determine the
fishermen’s notion of peace in relation to their lives as intertwined with the behavior of the
sea, examine the essence of democracy that lead to the realm of environment conservation
and investigate into the effects of environment conservation as a result of the working of
the democratic principles in the lives of the fishermen. This study has found out that for
the fishermen of Sitio Lapawon, Barangay Santo Rosario,Baybay, Leyte, peace is
understood in relation to the concept of pagbulig sa tawo sa kinaiyahan (human person’s
support and care for mother nature) and pagbulig sa panahon (the natural environment’s
favorable behavior towards the human person). These two concepts relate to the concept of
democracy since they have semblances in relation to the concepts of citizen empowerment,
peaceful life, and mutual help. This paper then concludes that peace can only be achieved
if fishermen live in harmony with nature and that attaining peace is more enhanced if
people striving for it live in a democratic society. Furthermore, this study also concludes
that the notion of citizen empowerment is a significant factor in the fishermen’s attainment
of peace. Lastly, this study concludes that the notions of mutual help and the quest for a
peaceful life made it possible for the fishermen to arrive at a sense of peace.
Keywords: Human centeredness, emerging diseases and environment conservation
1990s, a woman was significantly a part of the conceptualization of
Rainforestation. In recent years, Rainforestation had been introduced
in two small Municipalities in the Visayas where a number of people
have embraced said conservation innovation. Nevertheless, this
researcher has observed that the drivers of Rainforestation’s
implementation in two grassroots communities in the Visayas have
been women. This study aims to investigate what moved a woman to
conceptualize Rainforestation, explore what has motivated the woman
who conceptualized Rainforestation and the two groups of women
from different communities to take charge in the implementation of
Rainforestation at the national level and in their respective localities, determine the challenges of this women-led forest restoration
initiatives, investigates into the things or benefits that Rainforestation
has given to the Rainforestation adopters, and decipher elements of
gender politics in the realm of Rainforestation’s conceptualization and
implementation.
in the linguistically diverse Philippines. In the realm of Philosophy, advocating for the Filipino
national language as a strategy in philosophizing and developing Filipino philosophy may sound
politically correct, especially if done in the Tagalog-speaking areas. However, such advocacy may
mean differently in non-Tagalog-speaking areas. The advocates of the Filipino language for
Filipino philosophy trace their principles to such renowned Filipino philosophers as Ferriols, the
first one to use the Filipino language as a medium of philosophical-educational instruction, and
Quito, the first one to use the same language in writing and publishing philosophical works. This
paper, consisting of interviews, takes a look at the same advocacy from the perspective of four
Philosophy professors Mercado, Maboloc, Suazo and Ocay. The intention of this interview paper
is to show that the relationship between language and Filipino philosophy is still a problematic
issue that needs to be philosophically explored further. The voices of these four professors must
also be heard and taken into consideration by anyone with the tendency to pontificate for simplistic
principle that Filipino language should be used in philosophizing and developing Filipino
philosophy.
to the notions of peace of the fishermen of the coastal fishing community of Sitio
Lapawon, Barangay Santo Rosario, Baybay, Leyte. This study is qualitative in nature and
specifically employed the method of ethnography and interpretative analysis. By delving
into the experiences of the fishermen themselves, this researcher would try to determine the
fishermen’s notion of peace in relation to their lives as intertwined with the behavior of the
sea, examine the essence of democracy that lead to the realm of environment conservation
and investigate into the effects of environment conservation as a result of the working of
the democratic principles in the lives of the fishermen. This study has found out that for
the fishermen of Sitio Lapawon, Barangay Santo Rosario,Baybay, Leyte, peace is
understood in relation to the concept of pagbulig sa tawo sa kinaiyahan (human person’s
support and care for mother nature) and pagbulig sa panahon (the natural environment’s
favorable behavior towards the human person). These two concepts relate to the concept of
democracy since they have semblances in relation to the concepts of citizen empowerment,
peaceful life, and mutual help. This paper then concludes that peace can only be achieved
if fishermen live in harmony with nature and that attaining peace is more enhanced if
people striving for it live in a democratic society. Furthermore, this study also concludes
that the notion of citizen empowerment is a significant factor in the fishermen’s attainment
of peace. Lastly, this study concludes that the notions of mutual help and the quest for a
peaceful life made it possible for the fishermen to arrive at a sense of peace.
Keywords: Human centeredness, emerging diseases and environment conservation
This study then concludes that conservation efforts in Pilar has been designed to engage both the ecological and political dimensions of environmental issues in a more balanced and integrated manner. This study also concludes that the ecological makeup of the island municipality has triggered the kind of conservation measures that suit the needs of the island. Moreover, this study concludes that environmental governance following the framework of forest landscape restoration (FLR) has been effective in the island in the sense that it has made conservation acceptable and construed as practical by the people.
Another conclusion that has been drawn from the study is that the structure of the people’s organizations in the island municipality has paved the way for its success in aiding the LGU in their conservation initiatives. It promoted the acceptance of gender equality and women empowerment thereby making conservation activities inclusive. Lastly, this study also concludes that Rainforestation conservation would lead a community or individual to a variety of benefits. These benefits come in different packages such as environmental, educational, social, and economic – all of which are very significant to the lives of people.