THE THEORY OF GASTRONOMIC TRANSNATIONALISM

THE THEORY OF GASTRONOMIC TRANSNATIONALISM THE THEORY OF GASTRONOMIC TRANSNATIONALISM Jorge Yeshayahu Gonzales-Lara, Sociology, MBA Marketing "Food is the universal language we all share." In an increasingly interconnected world, where cultural and culinary boundaries emerge, the fascinating intersection between gastronomy and transnational phenomena emerges. "The Theory of Gastronomic Transnationalism" is a sensory journey through flavors, smells and textures that transcend geographical limits, in an in-depth analysis of how food, beyond being a mere physiological need, becomes a bridge that connects and merges identities, traditions and experiences. As we embark on a culinary journey that goes beyond typical recipes and dishes, to embrace the complexity of the transnational influences that shape the way we eat, cook, and share the table. Gastronomic transnationalism reveals itself as a dynamic force that challenges conventional categories, enriching our lives in unexpected ways in a globalized world with transmigrations. Because the true nature of food is revealed as a universal language that we all share. The theory of gastronomic transnationalism focuses on the study of the migration of culinary practices, foods, and flavors across cultural and national boundaries. It explores how food acts as a vehicle for the transmission of identity, culture, and connections between communities around the world. The theory of gastronomic transnationalism seeks to offer a comprehensive perspective on how food becomes a crucial element in understanding cultural diversity and global connections in an increasingly interconnected world. This theoretical framework helps scholars and researchers explore the complex interplay between food, migration, and cultural identity. This interdisciplinary approach combines elements of anthropology, sociology, geography, history, cultural studies, and food studies to understand how gastronomy travels and adapts in contexts of human mobility. Studies in this area examine the diffusion of culinary dishes and traditions, the connection between food and cultural identity, the opening of immigrant-led food businesses, the establishment of GASTRONOMIC TRANSNATIONALISM | 1 transnational food networks, and how gastronomy influences tourism and the global economy. The theory of gastronomic transnationalism provides a comprehensive perspective on how food becomes a crucial element in understanding cultural diversity and global connections in an increasingly interconnected world. Keywords: transnationalism, transmigrations, cuisine, gastronomy, transmigrations, diaspora, international migrations, identity, gastronomic transnationalism, cuisines, globalization. Gastronomic transnationalism involves the movement and integration of food practices, ingredients, and cuisines across national borders; It reflects the ways in which food serves as a cultural bridge and means of maintaining connections between different regions. Food is the universal language we all share. Studies on gastronomic transnationalism are interdisciplinary and often combine elements of anthropology, sociology, geography, cultural studies, and food studies to understand the complexity of how food travels and transforms in contexts of human mobility. Understand cultural diversity, global connections, and social dynamics through the lens of gastronomy. The study of gastronomic transnationalism has attracted the attention of various theorists and scholars who have contributed to understanding the complexity of how food travels across cultural boundaries. Krishnendu Ray Professor of Food and Nutrition Studies at New York University, Ray has done extensive research on the globalization of food and the complexities of food transnationalism. Her work addresses issues of identity, power, and inequality in global food production and consumption. New York University anthropologist Dávila has explored the intersections between culture, migration, and food. Her work examines how food and food practices are transformed in contexts of transnational migration. Sociologist David Sutton has researched issues related to gastronomy and migration. Her work addresses how people carry their culinary practices with them when they migrate and how they adapt to new environments. Krishna Bista Academic who has researched the transnationalization of food in migratory contexts. Her work has explored how immigrant communities use food to maintain their cultural and social connections in recent places. Josefina Márquez, researcher and anthropologist who has addressed the issue of food and migration. Her work focuses on the food practices of migrant communities and how they contribute to the construction of transnational identities. Simone Cinotto. A professor of Food History at the University of Gastronomic Sciences in Italy, Cinotto has researched the intersection between gastronomy and migration. Her studies have explored how food becomes a means for cultural adaptation in contexts of mobility, as well as the GASTRONOMIC TRANSNATIONALISM | 2 studies of Lucy Long, food anthropologist and director of the Center for Food and Culture, Long has addressed issues related to migration and identity through food. Her work examines how culinary practices can change and persist in contexts of transnationalism. These scholars have contributed significantly to the field of gastronomic transnationalism, providing valuable perspectives on the intersection between food, migration, and cultural identity. His research helps to understand how gastronomy acts as a crucial element in the formation of transnational connections and in the preservation of cultural diversity at a global level. The theory of gastronomic transnationalism focuses on the study of the migration of culinary practices, foods, and flavors across cultural and national boundaries. It explores how food serves as a vehicle for the transmission of identity, culture, and connections between communities dispersed around the world. This interdisciplinary approach draws on fields such as anthropology, sociology, and food studies to understand how gastronomy travels and adapts in contexts of human mobility. Key aspects of the theory include: • • • • • • • • Dissemination of Culinary Practices. Cultural Identity and Gastronomy. Establishment of Food Businesses. Transnational Food Networks: Gastronomy and Tourism. Food rituals and festivities. Economic and Business Aspects. The Impact of Technology, Artificial Intelligence (AI) and social media. Examine how culinary dishes and traditions are propagated and adopted in new contexts due to migration, including how certain foods can be adapted or merged with local culinary practices. How food is used to maintain and express cultural identity in migratory contexts. This involves exploring how migrant communities use cooking to connect with their places of origin and with other members of their global community. Analyze the opening and success of migrant-run restaurants and food businesses in new locations. This can include how these companies influence local culinary scenes and contribute to culinary diversity. Investigate the establishment and maintenance of transnational food networks. This can involve the GASTRONOMIC TRANSNATIONALISM | 3 import and export of ingredients, products, and recipes, as well as connections between producers, chefs, and consumers around the world. Explore how gastronomy becomes an attraction for transnational tourism, where food plays a significant role in promoting tourist destinations and serves as a vehicle for cultural experience. To study how food-related rituals and festivities are maintained and transformed in migratory contexts. This can include adaptations in culinary celebrations and how they continue to be practiced in recent places. Investigate the economic dynamics surrounding gastronomic transnationalism, including investment, entrepreneurship, and the economic contribution of migrant-led food businesses. The integration of technology, artificial intelligence, and social media has transformed the way we experience, access, and engage with gastronomy. From meal planning to restaurant promotion, these innovations continue to evolve the restaurant industry. Gastronomic transnationalism is a branch of research that focuses on the migration of culinary practices, foods, and flavors across national and cultural boundaries. It explores how food acts as a medium for the transmission of identity, culture, and connections between dispersed communities. People from diaspora communities often take their culinary traditions to recent places, influencing local food cultures. The globalization of food markets and the availability of various ingredients contribute to the blending of culinary traditions from distinct parts of the world. As the food practices of one culture meet and interact with those of another, a process of merging or hybridization often occurs. This can lead to the creation of new and unique culinary styles that incorporate elements from multiple cultural traditions. Food is used to maintain and express cultural identity in contexts of migration. This involves the way migrant communities use cooking to connect with their place of origin and with other members of their community around the world. Analyzing the opening and success of migrant-run restaurants and food businesses in recent places. These are ways in which businesses influence the local food scene and contribute to culinary diversity. Transnational Food Networks are established and maintained. This includes the import and export of ingredients, products, and recipes, as well as connections between producers, chefs, and consumers in various parts of the world. Gastronomy becomes an attraction for transnational tourism. Food often plays a key role in promoting tourist destinations and can be a vehicle for cultural experience. GASTRONOMIC TRANSNATIONALISM | 4 Food rituals and festivities are related to food, they are maintained and transformed in contexts of migration. This can include adaptations to culinary celebrations and the way they continue to be practiced in recent places. The economics surrounding gastronomic transnationalism, including the investment, entrepreneurship, and economic contribution of migrant-led food businesses. Gastronomic transnationalism highlights the interconnectedness of cultures through food. Transmigration refers to the movement of people across borders, involving both physical relocation and the transfer of cultural elements. This concept encompasses not only the physical act of migration, but also the broader idea of cultural exchange and transformation. Transmigrations can occur for several reasons, including economic opportunity, political instability, or environmental factors. The exchange of cultural practices, beliefs, and traditions is an integral part of transmigrations. Transmigrations can lead to the hybridization of cultures as people adapt to new environments while retaining elements of their original identity. Diasporas involve the dispersal of communities in their homeland, gastronomic transnationalism explores the movement of culinary traditions across borders, and transmigrations encompass both the physical and cultural movements of people. Taken together, these concepts highlight the dynamic and interconnected nature of human experiences in different regions and cultures. Gastronomic transnationalism is a dynamic process that reflects the fluid nature of cultural interactions, particularly in the realm of food and cuisine. Cuisine acts as a medium for cultural exchange between communities. As immigrants share their traditional dishes, a mix of flavors and culinary techniques occurs, contributing to cultural diversity. The preparation of traditional foods and the transmission of recipes from generation-to-generation help preserve the culture of origin, even when people are far from their birthplace. Cuisine plays a role in the transnational economy, as some immigrants establish food businesses that connect their dispersed communities, thus creating an economic network that transcends borders. Religiosity and the cuisine of migrants Religion and cuisine are two fundamental aspects that influence the way migrants interact with their unique environment and how they are perceived by the receiving society. GASTRONOMIC TRANSNATIONALISM | 5 Migrant cuisine is an important aspect of migration processes, as it contributes to cultural diversity and enriches the culinary scene of host communities. Food plays a crucial role in preserving the cultural identity of migrants, while facilitating cultural integration and exchange. Some important aspects of migrant cuisine: Gastronomic diversity: Migrants often bring with them their culinary traditions, specific ingredients, and cooking techniques. This leads to greater gastronomic diversity in the host communities, which in turn contributes to cultural richness and new culinary experiences for local people. Preservation of identity: The preparation and consumption of traditional foods helps migrants preserve their cultural identity in a unique environment. Food becomes a tangible link to their place of origin, allowing them to keep their heritage alive and share their culture with others. Cultural bridges: Food acts as a powerful medium for building cultural bridges. Through food events, ethnic restaurants, and the preparation of traditional dishes at home, migrants can share their culture with the local community, thus fostering mutual understanding and appreciation of cultural differences. Gastronomic businesses: Many migrants start food-related businesses, such as restaurants, food stalls, and catering services. These companies not only provide livelihoods for migrants, but also contribute to the local economy and the diversification of the food sector. Religious faith and cuisine play a significant role in the dynamics of migrants' migration processes, playing a crucial role in creating more diverse communities and promoting intercultural understanding. Migrants sometimes adapt their religious practices to integrate into their new environments, which can lead to changes in the way they practice their faith. In addition, living with people of different religions influences the religious beliefs and practices of migrants. Religious faith plays a key role in the dynamics of migration processes, whether as a driving force for migration, as a factor influencing migrants' adaptation to their new environments, or as a contributing element to religious diversity in host communities. Religious faith and cuisine are fundamental elements in the lives of migrants, playing a key role in preserving identity, community connection, and cultural adaptation in contexts of transmigration and transnationalism. GASTRONOMIC TRANSNATIONALISM | 6 Gastronomic transnationalism studies are interdisciplinary and combine elements of anthropology, sociology, cultural studies, and food studies to understand the complexity of how food travels and transforms in contexts of human mobility. It is important to understand cultural diversity, global connections, and social dynamics through the lens of gastronomy. REFERENCES AND READINGS • Okinawa Diaspora - by Ronald and Nakasone. • Diasporas and Transnationalism’s 1st Edition. • The journey of the Komagata Maru. • Jazz Diasporas - (Music of the African Diaspora) by Rashida K Braggs (Paperback). • Global Diasporas 3rd Edition. An introduction Robin Cohen. • Diaspora, Cultures and Identities 1st Edition, Bulmer, Martin; Let us do it, John. • Global Diasporas: An Introduction, Cohen Robin. • Diasporas and Diplomacy Cosmopolitan Contact Zones in the BBC World Service (1932-2012) Marie Gillespie. • Diaspora and Development (2 VOLUMES), Pou Rodolfo. • African diasporas. Roots that traveled more than ten thousand kilometers. • The History of New York: A City Built by Immigrants from Diverse Cultures, Eras, and Generations (Spanish Edition) Paperback – September 15, 2020 Spanish Edition by Jorge Yeshayahu Gonzales-Lara . • The Gourmet Plus of Peruvian Gastronomy: The History of the Emblematic Dishes of Peruvian Cuisine (Spanish Edition) Hardcover – September 6, 2022. Edited by Jorge Yeshayahu Gonzales-Lara (Author). • The Peruvian Diaspora in the United States: Immigration in the 21st Century: A Social Space of Transmigration (Spanish Edition) Spanish Edition | by Jorge Yeshayahu Gonzales-Lara | April 15, 2020. • The Peruvian Diaspora in the United States: Challenges, Myths, and Challenges. (Spanish Edition)Spanish edition | by Jorge Yeshayahu Gonzales-Lara | June 11, 2021. • Diaspora, Interculturality, and Food Culture: Multiculturalism in the United States (Spanish Edition) Spanish Edition | by Jorge Yeshayahu Gonzales-Lara | November 6, 2020. • Taste, Aromas and Gastronomic Culture: Sociology of Gastronomy | by Jorge Yeshayahu Gonzales-Lara and Hernán J Gonzales Espinoza | July 11, 2022. • International Migration and Political Participation: Transformations of Political Rights in the Context of Globalization in Latin America. Luque, Alarcón and Rojas (coordinators). • Peruvian Refugees in Chile: From Supervised Democracy to the Struggle for a New Political Constitution (1990-2020)". José Carlos Luque Brazán. • Critique of the Approach to Immigrant Transnationalism: Notes for a Theoretical Reformulation. Review of the Immigrant Transnationalism Approach: Notes for a Theoretical Reframing. José Carlos Luque Brazán. • Glick-Schiller, N., Basch, L., and Szanton-Blanc, C., 1992, Towards a Transnational Perspective on Migration: Race, Class, Ethnicity, and Nationalism Reconsidered. New York: New York Academy of Sciences. Glick-Schiller, N., 2023. GASTRONOMIC TRANSNATIONALISM | 7 • "The Twilight of Transnational Migration Studies at a Conjuncture of Dispossession: An Epistemological Approach", pre-published in 2023 in Routledge International Handbook of Transnational Studies, edited by Margit Fauser and Xóchitl Bada. • Portes, A., 2007, "A North-South Dialogue. The Advancement of Theory in the Study of International Migration and its Implications", in The Transnational Country. Mexican migration and social change across the border. National Autonomous University of Mexico – Institute of Social Research. Ciudad Universitaria, Distrito Federal. Mexico City. Mexico. pp. 651 – 702. • Portes, A. and Dewind J., 2006, "A Transatlantic Dialogue: The Progress of Research and Theory in the Study of International Migration." • Portes, Alejandro and Dewind, Josh (coordinators) Rethinking Migrations: New Theoretical and Empirical Perspectives. Colección Migración, Porrúa, México, D.F. Portes, A., 2004a,. • The Future Development of Latin America: Neoliberalism, Social Classes, and Transnationalism. ILSA Publications. Anthropos Editions. Colombia. Pp. 1 – 206. Portes, A., 2005, "Theoretical convergences and empirical evidence in the study of immigrant transnationalism", in Migration and Development, (4),2-19. Accessed 11/06/2023. Retrieved from https://www.redalyc.org/articulo. oa?id=66000401 Portes, A., 2004b. • Sociology in the Continent: Convergences and a New Medium-Term Agenda", in Revista Mexicana de Sociología, 66(3), 447- 483. • Critique of the Approach to Immigrant Transnationalism: Notes for a Theoretical Reformulation / J.C. LUQUE BRAZÁN et al. Portes, A., Guarnizo, L., and Landolt. P., 2003. • "The Study of Transnationalism: Latent Dangers and Promises of an Emerging Field of Research", in Portes, Alejandro, Guarnizo, Luis and Landolt, Patricia (coordinators). • Globalization from Below: Immigrant Transnationalism and Development. The experience of the United States and Latin America. Grupo Editorial Miguel Porrúa, FLACSO, Mexico. pp. 15 – 44. Portes, A., Guarnizo, L., & Landolt, P., 2003. • Globalization from Below: Immigrant Transnationalism and Development. The experience of the United States and Latin America. Latin American Faculty of Social Sciences. FLACSO – Mexico. • Neoliberalism and social citizenship. Jorge Yeshayahu Gonzales-Lara and José Carlos Luque Brazan • Migration. Ulla D. Berg. • The fifth of theirs. Transnationality and Diasporic Formations in Peruvian Migration. Ulls D Berg and Karsten Paerregaard. • A Culinary Quest: Peruvian Women Entrepreneurs in Southern California Negotiating Gender, Home, and Belonging. Ann Cathrin Corrales-Øverlid. • Capitalizing on Migration: The Role of Strong and Weak Ties Between Peruvian Entrepreneurs in the United States, Spain, and Chile. Karsten Paerregaard. • Fabio Parasecoli Food, Identity and Cultural Reproduction in Immigrant Communities • • Ann. Gibbons. The evolution of the diet. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/foodfeatures/evolution-of-diet/ Douglas. Broom. A History of the World in 5 Foods https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/11/five-foods-that-shaped-human-history/ • An Evolutionary Chronology of Homo sapiens https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/essential-timeline-understandingevolution-homo-sapiens-180976807/ • How humanity has changed the food it eats. https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20210514-how-humanity-has-changed-the-food-iteats. • Heather Whipps. How the spice trade changed the world. https://www.livescience.com/7495-spice-trade-changed-world.html • The History of Mexican Food in the United States: From Immigrants to Popular Cuisine. https://www.mexicali-blue.com/the-history-of-mexican-food-in-the-united-states-from-immigrants-to-popular-cuisine/ GASTRONOMIC TRANSNATIONALISM | 8