Tamerlane, Art and Artists

$ $J=fE%$JAW$MED<g&6•A^$;=$ê5AvR$=%$J&g%A]$%Av+q$H5= $P=DI $4g $b1$˜63 $PA°T6Y $ºFU=$4<W&6j $DSI $‘E%&q $¥%&¼$0$%&<Sg$4UA]$Ô+^$1AW$)E&STU&GY$‹+5$P&¬%= $=%$u50&p5$0$oU&5$D^$0$€CU=1$)“$=0%&U$=%$PDTU=DE0$0 $4g$m+5;D3$D^$4I$0$€j=1DI$J&+5$;=$HS-$P0HU$4I $J=AY$0$H*$0$JVg$0$1DW$¡)jA*$ XSk$Ô+^$Š$¡1&†$/FŒ õ $JAW$PAY$0$FU=%À]$*+q$/1$;=$L&6]$Š $0$%&_^&6]$;=$=% .1Dg$P%&Y C>.+S$t&$CX. *B,!2$M+N2*&$C@AB@F %&L/"'/0$.$'/0$+9$ $&°6E= $%1 $%Av+q $NU&Kl3 $2&vR= $4UA]$ME= $;= $4UA“ $P=DI $/&R$‹<Œ$€3=$47Î$Jƒ$;=$4g$¡1Dg$Dgœ$LDp9$F6k$J=Aq$)5 $%=f^01$4KŒ=0$Jƒ$%1$4g$/µ¶·¶/È$ï·ù$%1$J&<C+3$/1D5 $JFEDI$D3$f+U$0$FU10F6ó+I$LFU;$LFU;$P%=AE1$%1$=%$H3=$Mq $%1 $)7^1 $)_E1fU $%1 $€3= $PF6^ $H3= $Mq $%=f^F@ $J1Dg$%A]$4I$LFU;$DTE1$./µ¶é·$‰5&31$/È·¸µ$2&3 $&*DI$DTE1$0$/µû¸¸/È·¸¶$2&3$%1$m5%=$D~U$%=f^%&Gk $>7ó ?$\E1fU$2&3$J&`$%1$€3=$%&65$ 47ø g$€C+I$J1Dg ó $L&6]$Š $N6_3$D~U$J=%=f^$/&R$‹<Œ$ž6Ø`$0$¡”S51$0 $;=$)gFU=$&G6E=$./µ¶ï·‰5=AU$/Èï·é$2&3$%1$J&G~@= $4I$=%$0=$)E&6<R=$Š$Jƒ$%1$4g$€3=$m+UAW$æ1=A?$%&+CI $".F^1$)5$J&SU$i&CU=$¿AU$P&6I=$J&Y !"#$%&'$$/$!$D6^$J&<C7] $&I$$LF+Ø+*$u+8ej$)S6511ó $ME=$¥=;=A5$4I$%Av+q $P%=1$ME1$4I$D^&•q$.€j=1$áŒ&6<5$L&]$0$1FK<5$)E&G+]ÉE0 $1&p<R=$0$4ŒVR$.€3&G+]ÉE0$ME=$MEDq$XG5$;=$mE1$>8Kq$0 $Ÿ1=%=$0$€p~j$0$i&v7C5$4I$0=$D^&•q$0$/V3=$4I$%Av+q $1AW$;=$dE0=%1$0$49A8<5$0$1&^;$0$&9DR$0$¥=1&3$4I$4g õ $0$;&3$0$€W&3$P=DI$4g$)jVq$ž6Ø`$0$1=1$)5$J&SU $P1FK<5$)©%&q$><g$%1$&^%&I$1Dg$)5$ˆ‰<5$¿&pI$€5D5 ø $LF+3%$F+EÏq$4I$ ¡LFj$4<j&TU$dU&6+SU&Y$0$0=$J&5;$%1$4g .€3= $%1$¡%Av+q$D@&K5$›%A5$¡0DI=$§9&?$L%&I$ME=$%1 $:1%&TU$)5$ž6k$‘E%=A<•=$ÖFI;$/&U$4I$1AW$‘E%&q$¢&<g ! ! ó ?$0$ $X+•Kq$%1$4g$1AI$Jƒ$)_E$0=$#€_6 õ Å&^1$%&ǃ$;= $>Y=0$€Á•&l5$&±7@$0$ME1$NvÌ=$$‹+°lq$0$&v7R$0$¥=1&3 $%&Kj=$%&GÄ=$0$PFv‡$ME1$€EApq$%1$PF?$&q$0$P1D$X7R$%1$P=$LFED9ƒ$Ô+^$0=$J&5;$%1$4g$1A“$€Á•&l5$/V3= $€3%&+U$¿0Dj$¡€3=$mK5$J=f+5$4g$”•65$0$¥&+v_? $%.1Dg $P1fE$)7R$MEF•=$ÆDj$JAØ`$¡J&W%A5$;=$DTE1$)WDI $d+*$%1$)EA]$49=f]$0$È=D¼=$L=%$¡45&UD~Ä $‘E%&q$• 5 $J=F65D6^$MEDqF5ƒ%&g$0$MED<'$1AW$P&G+E&S]%ASg$J&EDY$%1$%Av+qH5= $.1DI$)5$F6ŒD™$d<e<E&*$4I$1AW$&I$LFj$Ž<9$P&G6+5;D3$;=$=%$J=DT<K6@$0 $F6ŒD™$€j=1$D•U$%1$J&SE=$PH]%&g$4I$0$J=F65D6^$ME=$;=$€E&½$&I$P0 .F6g$2FI$J&GY$P&^DGj$MEDq$”U0%$Dõ*$;=$)_E$4I$=% $0$P1fE$N5&UD~Ä$JAØ`$P=$)©%&q$><g$;=$L1&~<3=$&I$%&<jAU$ME=$%1 $ž6Ø`$0$€3=$LFj$4<jAU$P%Av+q$,%01$%1$4g$0DI=$§9&?$‘E%=A<•=$ÖFI; $Š1=$‘E%&q $0$)S65$F½=$)¬&Œ$Â+•Ïq$D6^$J&<C7] $H•U$P‰<K5$oI&65 $P&^D6^$L&TE&Y$4I$L%&j=$Mv¬$1Aj$)5$¤Vq$¡J0=DI$1%=01=$DÇ=$J=DE= $%1$()j&pU$0$)CEA6jAW$¡)p+3A5$¡P%&vK5$¡)R&6@$P&^D6^)$Â7<‚ $0$11D]$)3%DI$4<j%$D^$J=F65D6^$&I$P0$®&lq%=$)TUATk$¡%Av+q$%&I%1 $.FUAj$…DK5$FU=$4<j=1$X+p<C5$®&lq%=$%Av+q$&I$4g$i=F65D6^$MEDq%AGS5 $)SjAg$Ô+^$;=$¡¥&+?$J&E&*$&q$‘E%&q$Jƒ$;=$"*.FEf]DI $¥&?A<9$)7@=$,f+TU=$=%$/V3=$aE0Dq$0$§~?$0$4<9D] :FU=$L1D-$%Av+q $4I$.1D_U$%=À]0D9$DGj$ME=$)E&lE;$J10f9=$0$i=1&Iƒ$%1 )^FU&5D9$0$)^&j$;$¤1=D5 $%1$®&pU$&8Œ=$;=$4g$i=DT<K6@$0$J=F65D6^$%AQ?$N•3=0 )G5$’&q$0$)]%fI$€¦; $MEDq&lE;$;=$)_E$4I$DGj$ME=$P10;$4I$¡FU1AI$LF5ƒ$1D]$&̓ ¿Dj$X+•Kq$0$1AI$ME1$¥&R=D5 $Pÿ•U$MEF•=$žK5$4g$J&6k$0$€S]$2Fl5$J&GY$P&^DGj ø ¿D9$47Î$ME=$fY$0$FE1$‹@=$ž`$ $F6ŒD™$¡€@D9$ˆFU=$%1» $:FCEAU$)5 $‘E%=A<•=$>e<65 $• 5 $0 $HeCq $;= $—* $%Av+q $4g $)E&G6+5;D3 $J&+5 $;= $1AW$€e<E&*$4I$=%$Jƒ$J=F65D6^$¡¥%&¼$0$‹<Œ$4I$/=FŒ= $0DI=$$§9&?$)^=A]$4I$4g$€3=$/;%=AW$)_E$1Dg$‹+C] $0$F+U&kAg$F5ƒ$)5$P%&g$4I$4g$=%$—g$D^$%&E1$ME=$;= $dg$%1$0$1Dg$DG6•=Å=%0&5$NU=0%$=%$J=F65D6^$0$ÆD?$‹^= ó $%Av+q $4g $€3= $”S51 $¥&Er0 $DTE1 $;= $" .1=1 $€UA_3 $¡L&6]$Š$/1D5$%&<Sg$0$DGj$>ED¦$0$&̓$ÆD8q$;=$—* $¥%&G5$P=$4<j%$%1$\ED^$4g$=%$i=DT<K6@$0$J=F65D6^ $• 5$L&j$¢DR$MI=$.1&<3D9$F6ŒD™$4I$0$1%0ƒ$1D]$F6<j=1 $Jƒ$%1$1AW$4g $%Av+<•=$>Ì=A6•=$…$%0FpÕ=$>Ì&°R $¢&<g $:FEA]$)5$ž6k$L%&I$ME=$%1$L1AI$oE&Œ0$F^&j$/&T6^ $m9$%1$4g$—g$D^$0$€7+Q9$0$€K6@$¢&I%=$;=$%Av+q $¡)j=Dq$˜63$¡PD]10%1$¡P;01$45&Y$¡…&I$4k%&*$JA69$;= $¡P;&3$J&vg $¡)j&pU $¡P;01$4v+W $¡)_jf* $¡P%&•+I $L1Dg$1D]$)^0D]$¡€j=1$u31$Jƒ$2&ä5=$0$"!P%=1;&I "# .1&<3D9$F6ŒD™$4I$1AW$J&+^&£3$&I$0 1AI$/V3=$D'$dSjAg$4` 1AI$/=1$0$4U=1$&^f+k$D]1 ²6Y=$;=$0$dEAW$;=$—g$PFEFU ï ²U$€+I$‹^=$;=$Dq$)5=D]$ $MEF•=$—-$‘+j$¡A_63&I&I$¡P1&lE&q$D_IAI=$MEF•=$ME;$&UrA5 $FU=$)SE0=%1$0$&9DR$MEDq$XG5$N7Î$;=$¡4gDI$Fø+3$0$P%AW&9 .FU=$4<j=1$€l?&85$%Av+q$&I$4g $€3=$P=$LÉE0$4YAq$%Av+q$XG5$ÜE&8W$DTE1$;= $4g$4ŒVR$ME=$.1Dg$)5$J=F65D6^$0$€K6@$J&l?&@$4I$4g ð &v<?= $¡€9D]$)5$€BSU$0=$)EAY$PDqDI$0$²7[$¥%FŒ$;=$r $XŒ%$P0$D8K`$J=F65D6^$0$D6^$P=DI$PFEFY$€jAUD3 $J&5D9$€O$P&G6+5;D3$)T6^D9$¥&+?$¡FKI$&cF5$&q$4g$1; ø $)TUATk$J&+I$4I$%&<jAU$ME=$N5=1=$%1$.€W&3$DÇÏ<5$=%$0= .€W=1D*$X+^=AW$J=F65D6^$0$D6^$&I$%Av+q$®&lq%= u $J=%01$Jƒ$;=$LFU&5$P&Y$4I$1&63=$0$F^=Aj$NK•&•5$;=$4g$J&6k $%Av+q $D•U $%1 $D6^ $0 $€K6@ $¢&±@= $¡€9&E%1 $J=Aq$)5 $)E&S]%ASg$,%01$/&-$%1$P0$.FU=$4<j=1$)@&W$¤;%= $0$J=F65D6^$¡€9&E$)5$€31$4g$m+5;D3$D^$4I$dEAW $;= $DTE1 $J=F65D6^ $¡P%&+CI $%Av+q $¡&G6E= $fY $4I $F6^$u?$0$fE‰q$¡J&j&g$¡J&G~@=$¡;=Hj$¡1=FÁI$P&^DGj $¡dgó$¡1AW$L&]1=;$4I$0$1Dg$)5$1D]$=%$4S+*$0$M9$J&l?&@ :FCEAU$)5$0DI=$$§9&?$.1&<3D9$)5$¡F6ŒD™$¡d<e<E&*$0 $J=A<I$FE&j$€GY$ME=$;=$.1Dg$D¬&?$dEAW$N6•7C•=%=1$%1 $d+*$2&3F@%&Gk$4g$PDTE1$Žq&9$P=0DU&5D9$&I$=%$%Av+q $0 $J&]%fI $¡PF+U=1D] $DeC5õ $4g $€_7å $D^ $;= $DTE1 $1AI$1=ÉU$ˆDq$f+U$0=$0$1Dg$%AGÄ$ž5;$ÈDS5$%1$P0$;= $DG6•=Å=%0&5$1VI$4I$=%$&49D<‡$¿=AU=$0$J&3F6G5$0$J=fø+å $4I$P1&E;$È&+<j=$4g$¡PAUf¼$1Av‡$J&•73$:1Dg$4CE&p5 $0$¥%&vR$€GY$4I$dg$0$F6ŒD™$ê@A8W$J&<CgDq$0 $0$€j=1$1AW$€e<E&*$4I$J=F65D6^$0$J=F6vSU=1$2&p<U= $P&8Œ=$;=$¥&90$J&5;$%1$4g$J&6k$º1%0ƒ$)5$M[Aq$0$JF$0$X7R$‹^=$€E&½$0$”EASq$L=%$;=$4g$1AI$ME=$DI$0=$)K3 $Ê+‡$;=$4g$¢DÁ5$P&G<65$0$/&j$0$D85$%&•Œ=$&q$J&<CgDq $¡1AI$L=%$4•&3$\E$HC5$%=F5$\79$€•01$fgD5$&q$1VI$Jƒ "+ .F6g$>Cg$1AW$P=DI$PD<S+I$%&l<R=$¡D6^ $%1$%&E1$Jƒ$J=F65D6^$H^&S5$;=$4g$1AlU$u_7å$Ô+^$;= ð &v<?= $J1Dg$1D]$4I$%Av+q$NŒVR$‹Er1$;=$)_E$r ' .FU1AlU$F6ŒD™ $)E&^DGj$&I$d<e<E&*$J1Dg$;=D[$X$ ^$P=DI$¤Vq$¡J=F65D6^ $LFE1$1AW$XSk$4I$¥&?A<9$0$&GT6Y$)[$4g$€3=$L1AI $4l6j%&Gk$;0%$%1$%Av+q$¡P1fE$N5&UD~Ä$€E=0%$4I $.1AI$L1Dg$>7Y$=%$dGYAq$&^DGj$Jƒ$)E&lE;$0$€v•R$0 $;=$—*$)T•&3$!w$M3$%1$Èss $2&3$J&Q5%$X^1;=01 $%Av+q$DI$)p+vR$HÇÏq$J=DE=$P&^DGj$,F^&S5$žI$ME=$%1 $1AW$)™%$€e<E&*$=%$F6ŒD™$0$€CSU$€¦$4I$‘7I$Ž<9 !"#$%&'$/$!D6^$J&<C7] $P0%$€S'$0$1;$MEDI$F7W$%1$46K[$4g$Fj$/DW$0$¤AW$J&6k ø "" «.Fj$ž5; !¯ $P&^$L1D*=D3$0$&†&lE&3$0$&^$4v+W$;=$%Av+q$/fI$—•&h$;= $‹K•$P&^$4jAW$&I$4g$P=$LDpU$0$1%;$P&G<¦$0$žvSEDI= $0$"'FEA]$)5$Me3$1AI$LFj $MøEf5$0$o@D5$FE%=0D5$0 ø $P&G6+5;D3$0$&G5AŒ$;=$i=F65D6^$0$J=DT<K6@$%AQ?$;= :F^1$)5$‰W$&̓$%1$Â7<‚ $P&G+E&U=Aq$;=$L1&~<3=$&I$4g$1AI$4<j=1$Jƒ$DI$=%$0=$0$L1&† $)E&lE;$0$••$J&`$4I$=%$1AW$L&T<¦$i=DE=$J=F65D6^ $1Dg$1&E$P1FK<5$P&G¼&I$;=$J=Aq$)5$4UA“$¢&I$;=$.FE=%&+I $.Fj$æ=F?=$F6ŒD™$)?=AU$0$Æ=D[=$%1$P0$J&5D9$4I$4g $&G¼&I$)5&3=$DI=DI$FU1Dg$¢&e<U=$&G¼&I$ME=$P=DI$4g$)E&G5&U $€_7å$NpED[$0$X3%$>YA5$4I$X+7Œ=$D^$N9D<±5$0$¿& $4kD]=$.1AI$;=Hj$LÉE0$4I$J=DE=$P&^DGj$Æ=D[=$P&†&<CI$0 ø6@õ õ $&GŒ&[%&Gk $0 $4<CI $JA]&UA] $P&^$4+lKq $’A9$’A9 $1AW $¡Fj$€5D5$FU;$J&eÞDg$$J&5;$%1$&^FKI $;=Hj$P&G¼&I$N` ø $¡4<3=%&+I$žk$€~I%;$0$/0%$P&lE1$4I$=%$¿Avh$0$L1; $N7½$ž•0=$&I$J%&p5$¡Ès"}$2&3$;=$d+*$&†ƒ$N`$ê6+pE ø ø 5õ $D^$N±73=$>E=D¼$0$4SvŒ=$—E&~U$0$¥&K@D5$¥ V_ ø $%Av+q$4g$10%$)5$J&v]$.€3=$4<j=1$1AY0$¡;=Hj$4I$%Av+q * .L1DI$%&g$4I$&^$LFlKj$0$&GlK•$¿=AU=$0$4<©0ƒ$%&E1 $L1=1$J&5D9$0$LFEF6C*$=%$;=Hj$P=f9$ZD9$0$d_•1$P&Q9 $FU;D9 $¡\+I$*•= $)30DR $/fI $Â@0 $%1 $X^ $L&j$¢DR$MI= $%1 $1AI $LFE1 $;=Hj $%1 $4g $)5&3= $J&` $4I $)E&G¼&I $1AI $L1Dg$&*DI$È$·¸ï$2&3$20r=$ $",:F66g$æ=F?=$F6ŒD™$Æ=D[= ø o+I%$%1$%Av+q$4g$¡›D^&j $Dq$LA_j$&I$4kD^$P=DI$J=F65D6^$0$J=DT<K6@$¤Vq$;=$¡1AI $4I$;A6^$4g$1%=1$1AY0$;=Hj$%1$ñ&I$%&Gk$47Î$Jƒ$;= :F6g$)5$1&E$MSY$JFj $¡4k=DŒ$€¦$ñ&I$20=$:€3=$Æ0DK5$)©%&q$ªFŒ$)5&3= ø !"#$%&'$$/$!$D6^$J&<C7] $L1Dg$L1&5ƒ$‹v´$¢&l3=$0$€6E;$;=$=%$4ØUƒ$DGj$/1D5 $4<31$D^$0$FU1&†$XSk$d+*$L1D*=D3$Jƒ$DI=DI$%1$FU1AI ${&W$NS+*$0$€K6@$%1$oE&6@$¢&I%=$0$J=%0$4S+*$;= $J&9&IDED? $¡FU1DI $%&g $4I $D6^ $0 $djAg $€E&† $1AW $P0 $1‰U $¢&l3= $0 $F6<W=1D£I $DED? $;= $)T6Y $P%=A3 $MW&U$u?$=%$¤D_+*$/&-$0$HS-$0$J&vg$0$Hq$;=$=% $%=DŒ$dEAW$L&TE&Y$%1$0$F6<W&CI$J&+UD*$;=$J&]É5$0 $4I $PD_+* $&I $%=A<3= $0 $F67I $P=$L%&65 $J&9&I$J&<g $ºFU1=1 $Jƒ$%1$0$F6<W&CI$%A8Œ$¿&~q%=$4I$u5&Œ$0$%A?$€9&•• $P1AI$J&6k$)EA_+U$4I$Jƒ$0$F6<j=D9=DI$žEƒ$€S'$/fI $Jƒ$PF67I$4I$0$PFU&50D9$%&<9%$;=$dUFE1$4I$LF66+I$4g $J&l?&@$DE&3$ž6Ø`$.FUFU=AW$)5$J&]%&<3$d9%1$=% $J=DTU&vg$0$J=;01$d~g$0$J=DT6^ƒ$0$J=;DTU%$;=$oE&6@ " .FU1Av6I$dEAW$D6^$J=;&3$LFlKj$0$J=;&I$4p?$0 !! $0 $&G6SY $%1 $4g $1Dg $%A8q $J=Aq$)5 $>+qDq $MEFI $J=F65D6^$%&+<W=$%1$)E&“D6^$P=DI$u@D9$%Av+q$/fI$—•&h $&°6E=$%1$.€3=$4<9D]$)5$%=DŒ$49D•<C5$oE&6@$J=1&<3=$0 $MEF•=$ ø ÆDj$MI$fEfK•=FlR$/&U$4I$P%&gf79$F65D6^$;=$FE&I $ñD~5$;=$)]%fI$ZFŒ$È$"| $2&3$%1$4g$1Dg$1&E$PfE‰q $;=$4g$)¼D~5$ZFŒ$ME=$.€W&3$J&<CgDq$DGj$F°C5$P=DI $,%01$;=$LFU&5$P&Y$4I$P%&gf79$%&ǃ$%1&U$%&+CI$P&^$4UA“ $š%AI;D<*$M3$•&<+5%=$,;A5$%1$JA6g=$X^$¡€3=$P%Av+q $f+U $PDTE1 $Pf79 $ÆDÄ $ .( ¥) $1Aj$)5 $P%=FGTU $MI$)7R$MI$MC?$/&U$4I$i&G~@=$P%&g1&<3=$P&Q5=$&I $;=$d+*$4g$1%=1$1AY0$Èsst$‘E%&q$&I$)7R$MI$MC? ./%= $ñ&I $/%&Gk $¡&S]$21 $ñ&I $/A3 ø ø $¡&“$J&GY $ñ&I $/01 $1AW $20=ø $¤%AE $%1 $%Av+q $4g $€3= $LF5ƒ $45&UD~Ä $%1 $ ’ $45&UD~Ä)$.FEf]$2ÿ5$4k=DŒ$€¦$ñ&I$%1$;=Hj$4I $žI&5$L=%$%1$H5=$4g$€3=$¢&<g$J&`$%1$f+U$0$(.w!s{ $D3$%1$)¼&I$F6ŒD™$)e3D9$€~^$%1$dg$DGj$0$F6ŒD™ $€W&3$/A3A5$4k=DŒ$€¦$/&U$4I$=%$Jƒ$0$1Dg$&6I$LAg ".( !{$¡¯’$¡J&`) 3V*.W#(*/&./ $0$)T6Y$D^$/&-=$;=$FKI$4g$1AI$ME=$DI$¥1&R$=%$%Av+q $4I $€S];&I $/&T6^ $¡PD~3 $D^ $/&Í= $0 $P1VI $D^ $Ž<9 $%0D3$0$MSY$®&CI$)T<CW$0$2V5$o9%$P=DI$F6ŒD™ $F6k$J=FU;D9$0$J&E%&I%1$0$=D5=$&I$L=D`$0$F+U=D<C]$)5 $P=$LÉE0$J&_5$P0$.€W=1D*$)5$¥DSR$0$d+R$4I$)?&l@ $D<S+I$0$1AI$L1=1${&8<W=$—•&h$4UA]$ME=$P%=f]DI$4I$=% $;=$)_E$&E$1AW$)30DR$MSY$&I$êl•&¼$4g$=%$1AW$P&G5fI $.1Dg$)5$%=f]DI$‹‡$ME=$%1$¡1AI$L=D`$dU&]1=AU$0$J=FU;D9 $ÖFI;$0$FU=AWH5$&~8•=$+¬0%$47Î$;=$¡Â7<‚$)©%&q$oI&65 $.FU=$L1Dg$1&E$«‹ö]J$ &g»$=%$‹‡$ME=$/&U$¡0DI=$$§9&?$‘E%=A<•=$$ $%1$)K+30$0$fl3D3$0$=A^0$¢ƒ$¤AW$%=f¼D5$«‹ö]J$ &g» $L1$J=f+5$4I$êlEDpq$d9=D[=$”[&65$&I$4g$L1AI$F6ŒD™$b=A? $&G6SY$/&T6^$=%$4+?&U$ME=$"&.€3=$4<j=1$€K30$˜63D9$ $P&^$4v+W$0$&G<¦$&̓$%1$0$F6<CI$)5$MEœƒ$%A<31$”I&•5 $0$JÏj$%AW=D9$4I$\ED^$¡J&E%&I%1$0$%Av+q$P=DI$P%&+CI $)_E$Â+@Aq$%1$0DI=$$§9&?$.F6<j=1$)5$&*DI$¡J&S^&TE&Y $¥&Œ0=$Däg=$0$Fj$)5$D¬&?$¥%&vR$D3$%1$%Av+q$1AW $F°C5$)_E1fU$%1$4g$&¼ƒ$J&5Aq$L&pU&W$0$•&W$N3%F5$%1 $LF+j=Dq$˜63$;=$JA<3$1&<S^0F@%&Gk$.F+U=%À]$)5$1AI $0$&GjD9$0$1AI$f]$€~^$\E$D^$2A[$4g$FU1Dg$L1&5ƒ $MI$fEfK•=FlR$.µ¥ $¡PfE‰q$MEF•=$ÆDj $/È·¸µ$¡)¼D~5$ZFŒ $4I$4<W&3$¡/µ¶éé $P=DI$%Av+q$J&5D9 $¡J&<CgDq$DGj$F°C5 $¡•&<+5%=$u•01$,;A5 .š%AI;D<*$M3 $/=fR=$P=DI$%Av+q$H5=$J&5D9$%0F@$0$J&G~@=$DGj$ÆD8q $D5=$ž`$.€3=$LFj$4<W&3$F6ŒD™$4I$i&G~@=$J=DT<K6@ $d^&g$=%$%Av+q$%A<31$4I$ÆDÄ$ME=$JFj$4<W&3$2&v<?= ! .F^1$)5 $&I $€9&+¬ $;= $&+U&£3= $H~3 $«A©0Vg» $¤%=f] $&*DI$)Y%&W$P=D~3$10%0$€l3&65$4I$%Av+q$4g$)^A_j $%1$P%&gf79$D6^$€+~+g$;=$PDTE1$¥&RV[=$1AI$4<W&3 :F^1$)5$€31$4I$0=$%&I%1 $)Œ0F6@$P0%$P10%0$L&]$L1D*$‹I&p5$0$H5=$Nv+W$Ê30$%1 $®&CI$f+5$F6U&`$¡L1&<CE=$ö1D9$N6+3$F?$&q$F67I$0$;=%1 $0$º1AI$LFj$L1&†$&GCE1$0$&'&pSI$0$&G5&Y$¡P%AW=À¼ $PD^=AY$¥&K+@Dq$0$P%&g&6+5$¥&6+Efq$&I$V[$;=$4`$Jƒ $&I$È0F6@$P&^%=AE1$0$Ž•3$)5&-$.1AI$LFE1D]$4+lKq $4I$0$4<9&E$€6E;$&GE‰•=1$0$Šƒ$0$fl3$)E&6+5$P&^$LDT6g $&I$¡1AI$LFE1D]$o@D5$€j%1$P&^FE%=0D5$0$¥=D^=AY ø $4g$J&jfgD5$%1$\kAg$)E01D]$,;=FU=$4I$PD^=AY$4v¦ $4I$=%$L=%$²U&Y$P=$4ØE%1$.€j=FU$X^$P=$LF66g$LHW$˜U% $¡iF+jAU$Æ0DÄ$;=$1AI$Dõ*$4g$1AS]$)5$È0F6@$‹W=1 $4I$MøEf5$0$&lE;$P%&g$LF6g$&I$)EV[$˜6q$dj$DI$‹v<S5 $dj$&†ƒ$%&6g$%1$0$uv+Œ$P&GT63$0$FE%=0D5$P&^$4U=1 # .LFj$1&E$P&GE%&g$€6E;$4UA]$J&`$&I$ME%;$1D]$/&Y ø ()*+,! $P&^&6I$HvKq$0$FEFY$P&^&6I$–W&3$4I$%Av+q$È&+<j= $0 $€3= $LF+3% $F+EÏq $4I $&^%&I $)©%&q $JA<5 $%1 $4<jÀ] $%Av+q$¥%&•U$&I$4g$=%$)E&^;&3$0$€W&3$¥&+ÌfY$J&W%A5 $0$MED<'$%Av+q$.FU=$L1Dg$ŽEDSq$¥&K91$4I$4<9DEÀ*$/&Í= $LFj$Ž<9$P&G6+5;D3$;=$=%$J=%&vK5$0$J&3F6G5$MEDqF5ƒ%&g $J&SE=$êvÌ=1$0$1%0ƒ$)5$F6ŒD™$4I$0$1Dg$)5$L=D`$1AW$&I !"#$%&'$/$!D6^$J&<C7] $MEF•=$ÆDj $.€j&v]$)5 $4ø+6I= $€5D50 ø $æ=F?= $%&g $4I $=% $D8Œ$¥%&vR$0$P&S]$21$ñ&I$æ=F?=$Dgœ»$%1$P1fE$)7R $PF6“=Aq$J&3F6G5$0$J=%&vK5$4g$F6g$)5$J&+I$«P=f9$ZD9 $&I$)¼&I$¡L1%0ƒ$1AW$€e<E&*$4I$¢D¼$0$ÈDj$;=$%Av+q$4g $1%=1$2A[$f]$µù¸¸$Jƒ$o7¬$D^$4g$FU=$4<W&3$oID5$ZD[ $Âp3$0$FU=$L1Dg$4+lKq$P=$L;=0%1$¿V¬=$ME=$;=$\ED^$%1$0 $FU=$4<3=%ƒ$Jƒ$H¼$0$)j&g$¿=AU=$0$—UDp5$P&GŒ&[$&I$=%$Jƒ $LFj$P%&g$)j&g$o~qD5$’DI$%&Gk$ñ&I$PA3$%&Gk$%1$0 $‹_j$oID5$P&^%=À]$&I$ñ&I$ME=$N[A‡$M±@$.FU=$4<W&3 $PF6I$€vCŒ $³7ä5 $0 $¹FC5 $2&_j= $4I $P&GE%&g$M- $0 $&^%=À]$N+j&?$%1$&q$1=1$J&5D9$%Av+q$Jƒ$;=$—*$.FU1Dg $0$¹FC5$P&GE%&g$M-$Æ=D[=$0$FU%&_I$%=F+~3$€W%1 $4qAI$0$‹]$¿=AU=$0$LA+5$J&<W%1$/&CŒ=$&I$X^$=%$‹_j$³7ä5 ßù .F6E=%&+I $)_E$FE1;&I$/&T6^$X^$¡&+U&£3=$L&j1&*$H~3$¡A©0Vg $P&G+j&g$&I$4`$4g$)E&GŒ&q=$P%&+CI$;=$%Av+q$P&GW&g$;= $%1$¥%&G5$0$L1Dg$u~Tj$%&GÄ=$4<9&E$€6E;$Šƒ$0$ME%; ø $)ø<? $4g $€3= $4<CU=1 $J&6k $=% $&G+j&g $ME= $PF6I$>+gDq $Jƒ$)E&lE;$4I$J&SqDGj$N`$&I$—E%&*$20=$;=D[$J=1&<3= ø $FEA]$)5$Me3$i=1&<3=$;=$—£3$P0$.Fj$F6^=AW$ÆD<K5 $0$dE=%ƒ$2AÁS5$&̓$%1$¥%&G5$Â7<‚$¥&Y%1$&I$4g , .FU=$L1AI$&†&v<W&3$ME=$žEfq $æ=F?=$=%$%Av+q$i=DvR$/=FŒ=$MEDq$XG5$J=A<I$FE&j $¥%&¼$0$Ž<9$;=$—*$4g$P0$.€CU=1$F6ŒD™$o5&Y$F°C5 $%1 $¡1AI $4<9&E $€31 $u~T6^ $ª&6¼ $0 $¥0DÇ $4I $)7^1 $F°C5$ME=$–W&3$%A<31$F6ŒD™$4I$%&E1$Jƒ$;=$€S];&I $&~8•=$+¬0%$‘E%&q$%1$FU=AWH5$N<~]$”l[$.1Dg$%1&@$=% $J&Q5%$L&5$/%&Gk$4l6S_E$;0%$%1$=%$F°C5$ME=$P&6I $J=1&<3=$;=$Mq$€CE01$0$FU1Dg$PfE%$ZD[$È"| $2&3 $4I$2AÁS5$J&<30F6^$0$¹%&9$0$J&¨&I%œƒ$¤=Dq$˜63 $˜63$JFEDI$4I$&G^Ag$%1$DTE1$Mq$F8U&*$0$FUFj$%&g $4I$J&<30F6^$;=$4g$=%$‹+9$HÍ;$a6*01AU$0$F6<j=1$2&Á<j= $4I$¢&l3=$0$¥rƒ$‹pU$0$‹½$P=DI$¡FU1AI$L1%0ƒ$F6ŒD™ :€3=$L10f9=$FU=AWH5 -.F6<j&v]$%&g !w $MEF•=$2&vg$.¶0$ߥ $¡(4I$¢AC65)$1=f' $o5&Y$F°C5$–W&3 $N±~@$01$¡F6ŒD™ $NeCU$;=$0%$4I0% $¡È$·é¸$Z$¡45&UD~Ä Bahari,$:DEA8q$ÀWÏ5 .Bihzad, p. 78, 79 $=%$%&g$4g$)^0D]$žCO$0$”EASq$&I$P0$.€9D]$)5$‰W $P%&g$Xg$4g$i&Cg$‘+IAq$0$4+l6q$0$FU1AI$L1DI$d+*$D<S+I $€9DS+*$N6+5;$&q$1Dg$)5$1&¨=$€I&Œ%$J&Uƒ$žI$¡FU1AI$L1Dg !" .1%0ƒ$X^=D9$=%$%&g$Dq$oED3$4kD^ !"#$%&'$$/$!$D6^$J&<C7] 3T@56! !# $F°C5$¿&~q%=$0$1AI$LF+j=Dq$P&GT63$4<¦$;=$f+U$&G~p3 $P=$4$ jA]$D^$%1$L%&65$%&Gk$.1AI$f]$4õU $>EDŒ$Âp3$&q $€3%1$ &¤AY$€~^$;=$=%$Jƒ$š%fI$%1$0$Fj$4<W&3 $˜63$;=$P=$4l+<g$&I$&GŒ&[$1D]$0$&^%=AE1$1D]=1D]$.FU1Dg $¥&Eƒ$0$ÂGg$,%A3$Jƒ$%1$0$1AI$4<9&E$€6E;$LF+j=Dq (¶$0$ߥ)$ '.FU1AI$4<jAU$=%$JƒDŒ$DTE1 $)¼=D5$%1&p•=FlR$JAØ`$P=$4<CYDI$J=1$)p+3A5$%AQ? $4g $È"|s$2&3 $%1 $mKE $¡ME= $;= $—* $2&3 $dj $P=DI$4g$€3=$P%&l<R=$0$€+`=$P&EA]$%Av+q$%&I%1$%1 $4I$0$Fj$ñ%&9$J=DE=$4I$1AW$N•&3$€~^$¤%AE$;=$%Av+q $.€3=$L1AI$‹E&Œ$J&U=1$)p+3A5$0$)p+3A5 $o5&Y$F°C5$4I$¤%=À]$4g$)5&T6^$¡1Dg$€KY=D5$F6ŒD™ $0$J=AE=$;=$Dq$L&qAg$=%$Jƒ$L&]%1$0$J=AE=$4g$€9&E%1$¡1&<9= $=% $J=%01 $ME= $%1 $J&U=1$)p+3A5 $€•ÿ5 $0 $%FŒ $ž6Ø` $%1&p•=FlR $4Y=AW $J1=1 $%=DŒ $¢&•W $,Aã $;= $J=Aq$)5 $‹I&p5$%1$¡(%Av+q$DC`)$•&W$\75$P=D3$N3%F5$L&]%1 $¥%A@»$J=A6R$€O$)™%$P&^$4KŒ%$;=$)_E$%1$)¼=D5 $=%$&^&6I$ME=$P01$D^$4g$&̓$;=$.FU=$4<W&3$¡F°C5$ž` $‹^= $4I $4Y=AW $¤%&~3 $¢&I $%1 $4g $%Av+q $H5= $J&SU $4Y=AW$/&U$4I$%&vK5$01 $4<W&3$F7Y$Fv‡$0$100=1$1Av‡$ ø $LFj$4<j&TU$)S65$MEF•=$—-$&UrA5$P&SU=$4I$«F6ŒD™ $%=1$4I$‹ö]J$ &g$%=f¼D5$%1$=%$J&SE=$%Av+q$D5=$4I$¡FU1AI $È&9ƒ$PVQ9»$4I$¢&•W$4g$4KŒ%$ME=$%1$.€9&E%1$¡€3= !* .F6<©0ƒ $DI&g=$0$‹¬&9=$Ü+8¦$4I$ÈV[r=$)7R$D8R$P&±8õ9$0 $F6k$4I$=%$Jƒ$Ÿ%&vR$D^$–W&3$/&T6^$%Av+q$ D^&Ä $)¼=D5 $%1&p•=FlR $4Y=AW $¡€3= $LFj $4<j&TU $«F6ŒD™ $;=$)_E$4I$=%$dË$D^$DI$¥%&•U$%&g$0$1Dg$)5$X+Cpq$dË ö 85$0$4l $¥&~+•Ïq$Â6 ø ø+[$¥&vÁU$• 5»$JAk$mE0&6R$&I $%&g$€9DS+*$;=$/=F5$f+U$1AW$0$1D£3$)5$J&<31DE;$0$=D5õ= $0 $A¼%Fj $%&ǃ$¥DSR $%&q0= $¡J&ô=$¤AW $J=DTS5=% $J&SE=$N7Î$;=$J&I;$MEHj$J&E=D3$4vÁU$0$4<W=AU$J&Á+q $J=%01$NU&TE$0$J&5;$%1=AU$;=$4g$D^&5$ö%1&p•=FlR$$4Y=AW $4U=Dq$ME=$NU&pj&R$N5f5;$˜6k$0$1AR$˜6^ƒ$4I$€3= :4<W=FU=$Ù&R$%1 J=DŒ$>?&@$2&lŒ=$0$D9$;=$4g ø J=D5&g$€vS?$XY$%=FU&GY )5Dø W$%1$1&I$J&GY$4S+` õ !& )v¼$Š$) $ö 5$FjAU$\7 5$0fg ó õ $J&U=1$)p+3A5$&I$%Av+q$1%AWDI$;=$4g$PDTE1$%&lW= $‰W$P0$4I$4g$€3=$i&5;$4I$®AID5$LFj$Êl¬$‘E%=Aq$%1 $;=$®Ap3$DÇ=$DI$J&¨&I%œƒ$%1$L&j$J=H5$¤FU;D9$F+3% $%A5=$,%=1=$;=$LFj$•%&R$0=$DI$4g$)¼&51$2V<W=$0$>3= $1=D9=$J1%;ƒ$0$–Sg$0$2=A5=$J1Dg$oE&¬$4I$0$LFU&5;&I $4I$¥DSR$0$d+R$—•&h$%1$¥&Œ0=$>•&¼$0$1;=1D*$)5 $0$€~jƒDI$€e3$‰W$ME=$JF+6j$&I$%Av+q$!'.1DI$)5$D3 $DEVY$2ƒ$%&I%1$%1$Jƒ$;=$d+*$4g$¹&6j$)p+3A5$1&<3=$ME= $L1DI$D3$4I$PDEVY$F½=$$J&•73$0$žC?$$J&•73$LÉE0$4I $F½=$$J&•73$–©D]$0$%Av+q$€31$4I$1=FÁI$Ž<9$;=$—*$!!¡1AI $)^=D`$4I$¡1=1$P0%$Èïéù$2&3$J&Q5%$%1$4g$”S51$4I $L1&<3D9$F6ŒD™$4I$1=FÁI$Mg&3$J=F65D6^$;=$DTE1$)^0D] !# .Fj $%1$%1&p•=FlR$4Y=AW$—*$Jƒ$;=$¡J&W%A5$N<~]$4I$ ø $)p+3A5$)]FU;=AU$4I$%Av+q$%AQ?$%1$P1FK<5$/fI$—•&h $%Av+q$4g$mSY$%1$47Î$Jƒ$;=$º€W=1D*$)]F6U=AW$0 $DQW$D<W1$0$1AW$)30DR$€l3&65$4I$Èïéé$2&3$%1 $oÎ$%1$¡1AI$L1Dg$&*$DI$(J&<C•AÁ5$Xg&?)$JV¼=$4Y=AW $!$«A¼%Fj»$JAØ`$)E&^;&3$–W=AU$4I$4g$i&U=1$)p+3A5 $%1&p•=FlR$4Y=AW$¡F6<W=1D*$)5$˜6k$0$1AR$0$!%«J&Á+q»$0 !.€j=1$%AQ?$X^ $;= $)_E $Â+@Aq $%1 $X^ $P1fE $)7R $MEF•=$ÆDj $=%$F65D6^$ME=$)]F6U=AW$0$)]FU;=AU$¡%Av+q$/fI$—•&h $L&TE&Y$0$‹?%$.û¥ $%A<31$4I$4g$iƒDŒ $˜+I$*•=$J&5;%1$0$%Av+q $o5&Y$F°C5$®&+?$%1 $¡Fj$P;&3;&I$&6I$F6ŒD™ .È$·ùßx·µµ$$Z $N±~@$0$r&I$çk)$ù¥ $0$€S*$.(r&I$€3=%$FKI $±85$;=$€ó•$\E$P0% $P=DI$ðr&v<?=$4g$)]%fI $LFj$)CEA6jAW$%Av+q .€3= !"#$%&'$/$!D6^$J&<C7] $:F6g$)5$€E=0%$ž6k $€?=D@$4I$Jƒ$%1$0$€3=$LFj$LF+5&U$«49D•<C5$NIDÁ<C5 $‹E&Q9$0$DÇ×5$HGSq»$4g$€3=$LFj$L%&j=$4<_U$MEFI $%=Fp5$o+9%$žŒ=AW$0$%&];0%$ž[V3$DI$J=FK<C5$ž6k $2&8W$ZDj$È&+3$ME=$;=$1A8p5»$ž6Ø`$¡«1AI$>Y=0 $X•R= $&UrA5 $[Ú¢&6Y] $>U&Y $,FEF3 $¥r&vg $0 $LF+½ $%1&p•=FlR$«J&GY$,%1&U$J&5;$F?0=$Ù&K•=$…$Å&±8~•=$Ö0FŒ $! .€3=$LFj$Dgœ$)¼=D5 !t $)ô=FlR$.ì¥ $%1$H5=$$¡(¢AC65) $%1$LFj$‹+v_q$¡¢=AW $¡Èïé·$2&3$4I$1=FÁI $¡P=D3$)*&Œ$zAq$,;A5 .2AlU&<3= :FCEAU$)5 !"#$%&'$$/$!$D6^$J&<C7] $J&SE=$‹<Œ$4I$0$€9D]$=%$L&j$J=H5$P&5FõU$%Av+q$JAk $ŸF5$;=$—*$0$€©DTI$4<9&E$€@D9$%1&p•=FlR$¡1Dg$D5= ø $¡FE1$=%$0=$%Av+q$JAk$0$€9%$%Av+q$1fU$J=%F67Œ$¹&l•$%1 $%1$0=$€•&?$;=$%Av+q$.1Dg$;&¼ƒ$JFU=AW$JƒDŒ$%1&p•=FlR $0$«1;$±85$%1$˜6k$X+I$;$2=FI=»$:€~]$0$Fj$XC ølq ú # .1Dg$¤;=AU$0$€E&R%$=%$0= !s $0 $J&]FU;=AU $¡Fj $Dgœ $&†ƒ $/&U $4g $P1=D9= $;= $H¼ $4I $Â7<‚$\•&å$0$/=AŒ=$;=$4g$X^$PDTE1$ö%&+CI$J&]F6U=AW $)E&“D6^$4I$0=$—•&h$%1$FU1AI$4<9&E$L=%$%Av+q$%&I%1$4I $ME=$%AQ?$;=$‘E%=A<•=$ÖFI; $%1$0DI=$$§9&?$.F6<W=1D*$)5 :F6g$)5$1&E$1=D9= $%A<31$1AW$/=FŒ=$ž•0=ø $%1$0$€9&<j$fE‰q$PA3$4I$)^&£3$&I $%1 $4g $¡1Dg $%1&@ $=% $L&j$J=H5 $J&5;V5õ $;= $P=$LFR ø $‹<Œ $.FU1AI$X^$)p+3A5$0$DKj$J=1&<3=$;=$Mq$F6k$&†ƒ$J&+5 $=%$PF65D6^$J=1&<3=$)5&U$HC•=$$>+l?$‘E%&q$%1$H5FU=AW $ž6k$¡FUFj$4<©0ƒ$%=1$4I$È$"|¯$2&3$/D‡$X<S^$%1$4g :F6g$)5$Dgœ $NpED[ $4I $J&I;$MEHj $J&+ø6Á5 $0 $J&ô=$¤AW $J&ID•5 $0$ˆDq$#!JA3AE$0$¢DR$,FR&Œ$0$X°R$>+qDq$0$¹Dõ9 $;&3$4I$P&<W$X3%$0$#$P&<•ƒ$È&+3$0$2AÁ5$##PAÁ•&E= $0$;=0ƒ$4<S]$2AÁS5$–W=1D*$dpU$0$–W&3$&6¼$0$–W=AU #% .[FU]F+U&3%$P‰6k$›Dk$4I$10D3 $2ApK5$/A7R$%1$D±lq$1AY0$&I$4g$)_W&g$Fv‡$&UrA5 ø $PVQ9$;=$2f^$0$FY$0$DäU$0$X•U$,A+j$%1$2Ap65$0 ø $P1AR$>+l?$0$)E&U$MEF•=$ ø >•Œ$1&<3=$0$1AI$;&<å$J&5; $%1$%=01=$0$)p+3A5$M9$%1$\ED^$4g$LF6EA]$M5 Õ=FlR$0 #* .FUFj$%&<9D]$F6<j=FU$H•U$0$4+lj$%=01$Fl6]$DE; ø $ME= $4I $)±+89 $‹v°5õ $¢&<g $>?&@ $…=AW $$)±+89 3:'6.]6` $49&¬=$f+U$=%$)T6k$Hj1%=$1&<3=$/&U$¡J=1$)p+3A5$oÎ $#".F6g$)5 $P=DI$)5=FŒ=$Ô+^$0$1AI$1=A3$Š$D^&Ä$4I$%Av+q$H5=$F6kD^ $)¬&Œ$‹pU$4I$#-¡1D_U$)E=%ƒ$¢&<g$L&]%&g$0$4U&Ë&<g$1&¨= $%1&p•=FlR $$4Y=AW $&EA] $¡oI&65 $)WDI $€E=0% $4I $4I$P%AGS5$—EA6jAW$¡D6^$J&<C7] $%1$)S65F½=H5 $ D^&Ä$4g$1AI$LFj$/A_‡$šD5$4I$=DY&5$ME=$%1$X^$)¼=D5 $€31$4g$€CE;$)5$0=$)E=0DU&5D9$,%01$%1$o•Œ=$DvR$/&U $FU=AWH5$.1ASË$=%$0=$%Av+q$&^FKI$0$Fj$%=D9$4I$”9A5 ø $%?.!&./#&'*5 $€jAU$)5$)E&lE;$ÊW$J&6k$çk$€31$&I$0$€j=FU$€3=% $;=$¢&l•r=A•0=$‹pR$0$LHW$Jƒ$%1$%&8Ir=A•0=$,FE1»$4g $#&«.€S]$)5$LH[$Jƒ$,F^&S5 $ÊW$4I$=%$F+h$JƒDŒ$;=$P=$4eCU$—EA6jAW$ME= $%1$4g$1AI$L1Dg$DEDO$X°?$Xg$0$\kAg$P=$L;=FU=$4I$%&l¼ $4eCU$ME=$4g$)5&T6^$.€9D]$)5$P&Y$PD<STU=$žTU$DE; $=%$)Ó=$/Vg$4_6E=$‹+•1$4I$P0$¡1DI$%Av+q$1fU$4EF^$4I$=% $=%$Jƒ$0$1D_U$Ÿ&~<•=$J=FI$€3=$4<W&3$Hp?$0$\kAg ø $1&<3= $.FEF6C£U $%1 $=% $JƒDŒ $;= $P=$4eCU $%&I $ME= $®&•W $d+I$4I$Jƒ$D•3$D^$2A[$4g$J&6k$¡€j&TU$)]%fI$€E&† $=%$Jƒ$¡F+7´$0$>+^Àq$0$/&-=$;=$—*$.F+3%$)5$¿%œ$\E$;= $ME=$;=$%Av+q$4g$uŒ0$.1&<3D9$%Av+q$P=DI$u31$›Dk$&I $4I$J&_E1fU$0$=D5=$0$&v7R$;=$)^0D]$&I$¡€9&E$)^&]ƒ$D5= $1Dg$/=D<?=$=%$o•Œ=$DvR$%&I$ME=$0$€9%$±85$2&lp<3= õ $4g$J&6k$)]%fI$‹?%$P0$%A<31$4I$L&]$Jƒ$.'.€W=AU$0 $˜63$;=$F^1$P&Y$1AW$%1$=%$X+°?$±85$Jƒ$FU=A<I $.FU1Dg$>8U$F6ŒD™$o5&Y$F°C5$®&+?$%1$0$FUF+j=Dq $Fj$P;&3;&I$¡%Av+q$,AU$¡˜+I$*•=$D5=$4I$&^FKI$‹?%$ME= +* .(#$0$w$¥) $J=F65D6^$P%&+CI$&G6E=$fY$4I$1AYA5$F^=Aj$¹&3=$DI $€+•&K9$%Av+q$%&I%1$%1$JA]&UA]$P&^$4<j%$%1$X^$DTE1 $L1Dg$€lÇ$=%$J&SE=$;=$Mq$F6k$/&U$L&j$¢DR$MI=$4g$FU=$L1Dg $§9&?$¡ÂEDj$MEF•=F3= ø $&UrA5$0$i&Á5=1$Â+•7•=FlR$:€3= $)5;%=AW$F½=$MEF•=$2&Î$¡)5;%=AW$ÈD‡$1Av‡$¡m+C? ø $JƒDŒ$J&E%&Œ$0$FEA´$X7R$J=1&<3=$;=$)¼=D5$%1&p•=FlR$0 $%1&p•=FlR$¡H]F6I$MI=$®&•WFø+3$.FU1AI$J=;=0ƒ$¤AW$0 $¥DGj$€I&<g$0$)CEA6jAW$4I$i&v73$MEF•=$’&q$0$)¼=D5 $P;=Hj$)7R$’&?$0$P;=Hj$§9&?$Fv‡$’&?$.F6<j=1 ø $X^$JA<•ƒ$/&U$4I$)8ej$;=$.FU=$LFj$…DK5$;&<å$J=D]%;$;= ø $PF?$4I$=%$¥%&G5$NY%1$)g&_?$%1$4g$€3=$LFj$1&E $Dq&lE;$)•W$”+pR$0$XSE$0$žTU$P0%$DI$4g$1AI$LF+U&3% $4I$$X^$%AGS5$J&U=1$)p+3A5$;=$.1Dg$)5$dpU$¥AŒ&E$;= $¤1&5=1$0$MEF•=$)~@$0=$DC*$4I$¡%1&p•=FlR$4Y=AW$;=$H¼ 3]*TK $L%&j=$)T6k$Hj1%=$0$)7@A5$>•Œ$ž6Ø`$0$MEDCU $€31$%1$i=F6k$¿V[=$%Av+q$%&I%1$%1$)j&pU$o¬0$;= :€3=$L10f9=$L&j$¢DR$MI=$$!.€3=$LFj $4I$1=FÁI$;=$%Av+q$4g$i=F65D6^$J&+5$%1$FU=$4<~]$&5=$º€C+U ø ø =FlR$1&<3=$/&U$4I$)j&pU$¡F+U&kAg$F6ŒD™ $4I$J&S5&U$4g$FU1AI$i&Cg$;=$/1DI$/&U$4g$€R&Î$ME=$0 $%AQ?$X^$)ô $i&Cg$&5=$0$.X<W&6j$ )5$=%$J&Uƒ$1AW$0$X<j=1$D[&W $4g$1AI$LF+U&3%$PF?$4I$=%$P1&<3=$NE&*$¤&pU$ME=$.€j=1 ø $¡/%=FU$D[&W$4I$J&S5&U$0$X3&6j$)5$&E$0$X<W&6j$)“$4g $%&g$,A+j$;=$F6ŒD™$%1$)j&pU$J=1&<3=$N`$dq&90$;=$FKI $4I$%Av+q$4_Uƒ$D5=$‹@&?$.FEƒ$%&-$4I$4g$FU=$Jƒ$;=$d+I $4g$€j=À]$P&Y$4I$1AW$;=$P%&ǃ$P0$.FU1Dg$P0H*$0= $1D]$F6ŒD™$4I$=%$J&Uƒ$N@VW$.€jÀTI$4g$P=$4~E&[$D^ $Fj$oŒ=0$DÇ 5$¥=D^$)j&pU$><_5$PH]$‹_j$%1$&^FKI $D^$P&U=1$0$ÆDTj$PD6^$D^$‹^=$;=$DGj$Jƒ$%1$0$1%0ƒ $" .(ì¥) $1AI$Dq1&<3=$0$DqDI$J=DTE1$DI$4g$=%$Jƒ$>+°R$uK6@ $%1$L%01$ME=$)j&pU$;=$PF6<C5$NUA“$Ô+^$4_Uƒ$&I $$#.1%0ƒ$X^=D9 $;=$)QKI$%1$%Av+q$¡L&j$¢DR$MI=$€E=0%$4I$¡€C+U$€31 $J&j&pU$4I$0$F+Sg$)5$DEA8q$4I$=%$dEAW$—•&h$&GW&g Nv@9K $žTvSW$i&5;$0$J=F6W$)^&]$=%$¤=$LDGk$1Dg$)5$D5= :1Dg$®&l6<3=$J=Aq$)5$=%$DE;$aE&<U$¡Fj$4<~]$4ØUƒ$;= :FCEAU$)5$L&j$¢DR$MI=$.F66g$dpU $¡¥%FŒ$4I$1AW$DEÀ*&U$PH3$d•R$&I$%Av+q$F6kD^$.µ $J&^&j1&*$&I$4l?&85$0$LD@&‡$—•&h$¡%=;%&g$P&†=F+5 $4g$1Dg$PD£3$)E&^f+<3$0$˜6Y$%1$=%$dq&+?$/&øE=$D<S+I $L&TS+*$%1$ž[V3$)3AI$ž5;$¡&v7R$0$¥=1&3$0$=D5õ=$0 $Ÿ=œ$¥0&gœ$1F5$4I$¡€j=FU$PDTU=DE0$0$‹<Œ$fY$)7@&? $4I $J&GY $%&•Œ= $;= $&^$4U&<5FW $0 $&GS_S+* $JF+3% $¡0= $¤%=F<Œ=$P&pI$0$/=01$;=$)vG5$dË$4g$1AI$4<9&E%1$1AW $)TUATk$¡X°R$%&E1$0$€j1$0$F63$oE&Œ0$¡P0$%AQ? !"#$%&'$/$!D6^$J&<C7] $0$J&]1=AU$0$J=FU;D9$¥%A@$¡J&6-1$€Þf^$0$P;0H* $L1&I$P&G5&Y$&I$)5&g1&j$—•&h$¡J=;&ID3$0$J&^FU&5D9 $=%$0=$D5$4ØUƒ$0$J=AU&I$0$J&U;$0$J&TS5=%$0$J&+Œ&3$0 $L1=1$P0%$DTE1$\•&å$%1$J=%01$æ1=A?$;=$DvR$N`$%1 $—g$D^$4g$4<j=1$%A85$Xg0$d+I$J0FI$¡L1&<9=$È&~q=$0 $ .F6+lI$f+U$\E1fU$;=$¡LF+6j$P0$2=A?=$%01=%01 !" .µ¶¶é$¡J&<3&I$)j0D~I&<g$¡FGS5$¡›D9$1Av‡ ø $;=$4g$P0$.€3=$J=F65D6^$;=$€E&½$0$D6^$4I$4YAq$0D]$%1 $%=;ƒ$¥&lYA5$L&]$Š$0$L&]$1AW$€CE&j&U$%&<9%$&I$)EA3 $&I$DTE1$PA3$;=$¡1Dg$)5$X^=D9$=%$J=F65D6^$P1AI&U$u?$0 $D<CI$¡%&+CI$N6Ef^$ÆD@$0$F6ŒD™$%1$J&Uƒ$J1Dg$fgDv<5 $/&v<^=$4I$¡MEDâ$ovh$0$MEFK3$o7•5$.È=;D•=FlR$ME F•=$ ø 2&vg$¡PF6ŒD™ ø .1%0ƒ$FEF*$J&Uƒ$P&G+E&U=Aq$;0DI$0$%AGÄ$P=DI$²3&65 .µ’$¡µ¶ù¶$¡P%AG[$NU&Ë&<g$¡J=Dc$¡)E=AU$žCô=FlR J=DE=$P&^%&I%1$D6^$.ÅVK•=AI=$¡%0ƒ1A3 $”U0%$D*$Ê+‡$%1$4g$%Av+q$J&]1=AU$0$J=FU;D9$;=$)^0D]$.ß $¡J=Dc$¡i=H-$Fv‡$F+^&U$NÎDq$¡ ø .µ¶·¸$¡˜U%&g $0$€301$˜6^D9$P1=D9=$4I$J=F65D6^$HÇÏq$€O$0$F6ŒD™ $:%1$¡«MEF•=$—-$0$)3A5$F½=$:J=DE=$)j&pU$J=F5ƒD3»$.\E%=$¡%FE0Dj $4I$1AW$4g$)5&T6^$&^FKI$¡FU1AI$LFj$‹EFlq$F65D6^$u? $¡J=DE=$%&g$L%1&U$¤&pø U$L1;=01$P%&TU1&E$:›%$L1;=01$¡(.0)$P&l6g$.%$V+j .µ¶ïï$¡bA5$¡J=Dc$¡FU•ƒ$¢ApKE$ME0Fq$0$4ÎDq $€K30$&I$=%$P%0D*D6^$€3&+3$¡F6<CSU$€6•73$€¦ $¡)T6^D9$0$)v7R$¡J=Dc$¡&+U$>Y%$1AKC5$NÎDq$¡A©0Vg$N5&UD~3$.A©0Vg $%Av+q$€5A_?$J&5;$%1$4g$J&Uƒ$.F6<9D]$d+*$%1$D<S+I .µ¶ìì $%1$¡FU1AI$0=$NU=DTU=DE0$0$4U&+S?0$¥&E&6Y$F^&j$&^%&I .µ¶ì¸$¡HlgH5=$¡)3%&9$˜6^D9$.Fv‡$¡žK5 ø $FU1Dg$4S+*$²7[$d5=%ƒ$0$)EAY$Ž7@$1AW$€5A_?$,%01 $)7+G3$F½=$/&v<^=$0$Ž+±8q$¡D6^$J&<C7]$.F½=H5$)¬&Œ$¡)vŒ$)S65 $/&p5$%1$¡D6^$0$˜6^D9$‹^=$;=$D<S+I$4kD^$€E&½$&I$0 .µ¶ùß$¡J=DE=$˜6^D9$1&+6I$¡J=Dc$¡P%&CU=AW .FUF5ƒDI$4<jÀ]$¥%&CW$J=‰Y $)T6^D9$0$P1&8<Œ=$¡)R&v<Y=$¡)3&+3$¥rAO$‘E%&q$.žC?$¡PD~KYH5 $¥=%&S<U=$¡J&G~@=$0$¡€™$¡J=Dc$¡J&U&vgDq$0$J&E%Av+q$,%01$%1$J=DE= $0$&GT6^D9$&I$i=F65D6^$;=$4g$)]%fI$¿&v<Y=$>•&Œ$%1$.¶ .µ¶·µ$¡J&G~@=$L&TSU=1 $‹5&Kq$P=DI$u@D9$¡1AI$4<9D]$‹_j$Â7<‚$/A3%$0$¢=1ƒ $Ü+e7q$0$>EÀc$¡&~8•=$+¬$0%$.)e7I$$L&jFU0&W$MI$Fv‡$¡FU=AWH5 ø $4g$P%A[$4I$º€S]$X^=D9$J&SE=$J&+5$4SEFU=$21&lq$0 .µ¶ïù$¡)v7R$¡J=Dc$¡¢&E%;$¹&lR $DÇÏ<5$dEAW$D6^$;=$=%$J=DTE1$1AW$%&ǃ$NÌ=%=$&I$\ED^ $)j0D~I&<g$¡J=Dc$¡MI0=$$J=•$Ž+±8q$¡‘E%=A<•=$>e<65$.MEF•=$žK5$¡Pÿ•U .µ¶¶ì$¡/&+W $4I$1AW$;=$J=F65D6^$ME=$4g$P%&ǃ$¡Jƒ$DI$L0VR$.€W&3$)5 45&UD~Ä$.)7R$MEF•=$ÆDj$¡P1fE $P&G7CU$J=F65D6^$P=DI$)EAT•=$0$”S5D3$F6<j=À]$P&Y $¡J=Dc$¡)3&lR$Fv‡$/&v<^=$0$Ž+±8q$¡ ø .’ß$¡µ¶¶ì$¡HlgH5= $.€j=1$)*$%1$=%$D6^$d+*$;=$d+I$)E&9A_j$4g$Fj$FKI Bahari, Ebadollah. Bihzad: Master of Persian Painting, $PD6^$0$)T6^D9$X+•R$f+W&<3%$PA3$4I$€gD?$J&3$MEFI Foreword by Annemarie Schimmel, London and New York, $&I$0$%Av+q$J&]1=AU$0$J=FU;D9$€5A_?$J&5;$%1$&^FKI$4g I. B. Tauris Publishers 1996. ¨.Fj$;&¼ƒ$¡1=1$P0%$¥=D^$4I$€e<E&*$2&p<U= *79]6K#3Z .ßû¸{$¡)5&Y$&q$PFK3$;=$:¶F7Y$¡J=DE=$Š1=$‘E%&q$¡J0=DI$1%=01=$. #N!*K#S*9r !"#$%&'$$/$!$D6^$J&<C7] $Ž+±8q$¡HC•=$$>+l?$‘E%&q$.m+Cô=$MEF•=$/&`$MI$MEF•=$æ&+¼$¡H5FU=AW .¶’$¡µ¶ìß$¡/&+W$)j0D~I&<g$¡J=Dc$¡)Œ&+3HI1$Fv‡$D•U$DE; ø .J=Dc$L&TSU=1$¡J=Dc$¡=Fe^1$N5&U$€Á•$.‰g=$)7R$¡=Fe^1 !} $$$$$$$$$¡P1fE$)7R$MEF•=$ÆDj$N5&UD~Ä$¡)5&j$MEF•=$/&•U$N5&UD~Ä$.ß $HC•=$$>+l?$¡FU=AW$H5$P&~8•=$+¬0%$¡0DI=$$§9&?$‘E%=A<•=$$ÖFI; .€3&'&<g$ME=$N7Î$;=$H5FU=AW )gDE;$.¶ 4ID´$.û –j=1$š%fI$.ù .µù{$¡µ$’$¡‘E%=A<•=$$ÖFI;$¡0DI=$$§9&?$.ì .ù{¡ß’$¡45&UD~Ä$¡P1fE$)7R$MEF•=$ÆDj$.ï J=DT<K6@$0$J=%0$4S+*$.· .¶ß{$¡µ’$¡J&`$¡0DI=$$§9&?$.é .ßµ{$¡J&U&vgDq$0$J&E%Av+q$‘E%&q$¡PD~KYH5$žC?$.µ¸ $$$$.ß··{$¡‘E%=A<•=$$>e<65$¡Pÿ•U$MEF•=$ ø žK5$.µµ .ùùµ${$¡ß’$¡J&`$¡0DI=$$§9&?$.µß $D]%&g$0$DTE;DI$ž6Ø`$¡;&I$,FU%=1$L&TU$¡P%&_j$;&I$ŠD5$.µ¶ ø $NÎDq$¡J=DE=$P&^D6^$,%&I%1$¡(.0)$4ED9$.A+7I1$.%$:%1$¡«P%&gf79»$.’$¡M•ƒ .µ¶ïû$¡;0%$J=;D9$¡J=Dc$¡J&I;D5$fE0D* $L&T6I$¡J=Dc$¡Ÿ&Í$)7RFv‡$NÎDq$¡%Av+q$%0ƒ$€~Tj$i&]FU;$.L&SIDR$MI= .µ¶ùì$¡¢&<g$DSU$0$4ÎDq $¡«¥=D^$&q$F6ŒD™$;=$:J&E%Av+q$J=%01$%1$)E&p+3A5$¥&+?»$.J&5A^$¡PFK3= .ùµ$&q$ßù${$¡(µ¶·¸$J&<C5;)$µû¤$¡%A^&5$:%1 $)E&p+3A5$P&^$L%&TU$0$¥r&3%$%1$uW&6j;&3$NK•&•5»..$èèèèèèèèèèè .t &q$}"${$¡( !"!$J&<CI&q)$¯w¤$¡%A^&5$:%1$¡«P%Av+q $N+SO$0$4ÎDq$¡)5&Y$&q$PFK3$;=$:¶$F7Y$¡J=DE=$Š1=$‘E%&q$.1%=01=$¡J0=DI .ßù¶ï$¡HlgH5=$¡J=Dc$¡€v_?$DÁ@=$)7R $”+7Kq$0$Ž+±8q$¡45Fp5$¡‘E%=A<•=$ÖFI;$.ë=$••$MI$ë=FlR$¡0DI=$§9&? $¥%=;0$¥=%&S<U=$0$z&k$J&5;&3$¡J=Dc$¡P1=AYFø+3$’&?$2&vgFø+3$;= .’ß$¡µ¶·¸$¡)5V3=$1&j%=$0$˜6^D9 $N+SO$0$Ž+±8q$¡)±+89$‹vh$.Fv‡$MEF•=$2VY$MI$F½=$Ž+89$¡…=AW .(«%=1;&I»$‹Eœ$¡žK5$˜6^D9)$P;%0&Sg .µìù{$¡%Av+q$%0ƒ$€~Tj$i&]FU;$¡L&j$¢DR$MI=$.µû .ûïß{$¡J&`$¡J0=DI$1%=01=$.µù .€v_?$DÁ@=$)7R$;=$ûùé$0$ûì¸{$€jAU&*$¡J&`$.µì .&Y$J&`$.µï .µ¸ßï{$¡ß’$¡J&`$¡0DI=$$§9&?$.µ· .&Y$J&`$.µé .µ¸ßï$0$µ¸ß·{$¡J&`$.߸ .ßµé{$¡J&`$¡L&SIDR$MI=$.ßµ .µ·ß{$¡«P%&gf79»$¡M•ƒ$.ßß .&Y$J&`$.߶ $.&Y$J&`$¡M•ƒ$%1$LFj$‹pU$.ßû .µ¶{$¡ß’$¡J&`$¡P1fE$$)7R$MEF•=$ÆDj$.ßù .ßµû{$¡A©0Vg$N5&UD~3$¡A©0Vg$.ßì .µ¸é¸{$¡&~8•=$$+¬0%$¡FU=AWH5$.ßï .f79$€~^$;=$>gD5$P•&+•ƒ$:«JAp+•&[»$&E$.ß· .µ¸é¸$0$µ¸éµ{$¡J&`$¡FU=AWH5$.ßé $$$.µµµ·$0$µµµé{$¡J&`$.¶¸ $¡µ’$¡MEDâ$ovh$0$MEFK3$o7•5$¡PF6ŒD™$È=;D•=FlR$MEF•=$2&vg$.¶µ .µµß{ $&q$F6ŒD™$;=$:J&E%Av+q$J=%01$%1$)E&p+3A5$¥&+?»$¡PFK3=$J&5A^$.¶ß .ßï{$¡«¥=D^ .&Y$J&`$.¶¶ .µ¸ìû{$¡J&`$¡FU=AWH5$.¶û $L1AI$aE=%$&<W$b&^=$1fU$D<S+I$4g$Dq0$%&Gk$P=%=1$)^;$;&3$)RAU$.¶ù .«...uW&6j$;&3$NK•&•5»$¡PFK3=$:\U$èè.€3= $4<j=1$’=0%$&<W$‹^=$J&+5$%1$4g$)^;$;&3$)RAU$¡J&¼Aq&E$ðr&v<?=$.¶ì .&Y$J&`$:\U$èè.€3= .µ¸ïï{$¡J&`$¡FU=AWH5$.¶ï .µß{$¡ß’$¡J&`$¡P1fE$)7R$MEF•=$ÆDj$.¶· .û·ß{$¡HC•=$>+l?$‘E%&q$¡H5$FU=AW$.¶é .û·¶{$¡J&`$.û¸ .µû¶{$¡)±+89$‹vh$¡…=AW$)±+89$.ûµ .µµìï{$¡J&`$¡FU=AWH5$.ûß .(«JA3AE$‹Eœ»$¡=Fe^1$N5&U$€Á•)$2&vK<3=$NpED[$0$X3%$0$¥1&R$.û¶ .FSU$=F+*$L•=0$P&6K5$.ûû $P&<•ƒ0$2AÁ5$P&<•ƒ$4I$Jƒ$0$PfgD5$P&+3ƒ$%1$X+•R$)^Ag$4<j%$.ûù .(«)Ì&<•ƒ»$‹Eœ$¡=Fe^1$N5&U$€Á•)$1Aj$)5$X+Cpq$¹0% .µ¸ß·{$¡ß’$¡‘E%=A<•=$$ÖFI;$¡0DI=$$§9&?$.ûì .ù·{$¡J=DE=$P&^%&I%1$D6^$¡%0ƒ1A3$ÅVK•=AI=$.ûï .ßù{$¡D6^$J&<C7]$¡)vŒ$)S65$F½=H5$)¬&Œ$.û· .&Y$J&`$.ûé .ì¸{$¡J&`$¡%0ƒ1A3$ÅVK•=AI=$.ù¸ $¡«MEF•=$—-$0$)3A5$F½=$J=DE=$)j&pU$J=F5ƒD3»$¡%FE0Dj$\E%=$.ùµ .«=;H5$/=D'$oŒD5$DI$Fv‡$ €301$Nk&lE1»$;=$‹pU$4I ø !"#$%&'$/$!D6^$J&<C7] .¶¸ï$0$·{$¡J&`$¡L&SIDR$MI=$.ùß .¶µû{$¡J&`$.ù¶ .&Y$J&`$.ùû w|