مجلة خطابات

Keywords:

Argumentative (1) .13 ‫ص:‬ ،2021 ‫الثانية،‬ ‫الطبعة‬ .13 ‫ص:‬ ‫نفسه،‬ ‫المصدر‬ (2) ‫األولى،‬ ‫الطبعة‬ ‫والتوزيع،‬ ‫والنشر‬ ‫للطباعة‬ ‫فالية‬ ‫وبيرلمان،‬ ‫وأرسطو‬ ‫أفالطون‬ ‫بين‬ ‫والحجاج‬ ‫الخطابة‬ ‫الولي،‬ ‫محمد‬ (3) .25 ‫ص:‬ ،2020 (4) ‫الحاضرة.»‬ ‫تدبير‬ ‫هي‬ ‫التي‬ ‫السياسة‬ ‫تدعم‬ ‫ألنها‬ ‫العسكرية،‬ ‫االستراتيجية‬ ‫قرين‬ ‫هي‬ ‫السياسة،‬ ‫األولى،‬ ‫الطبعة‬ ‫الرباط،‬ ‫األمان،‬ ‫دار‬ ‫العصبة،‬ ‫رضوان‬ ‫ترجمة‬ ‫صواب»،‬ ‫على‬ ‫دائما‬ ‫تكون‬ ‫أن‬ ‫«فن‬ ‫شوبنهاور،‬ ‫آرثور‬ (1) ‫ص:33.‬ ،2014

(2) Gilles Declercq , L'art d'argumenter ; structures rhétoriques et littéraires, Editions universitaires,1992 ‫القاهرة،‬ ‫للنشر،‬ ‫العين‬ ‫دار‬ ‫الجمهور»،‬ ‫الوسيط،‬ ‫المؤلف،‬ ‫الحديث،‬ ‫العصر‬ ‫في‬ ‫السياسية‬ ‫«الخطابة‬ ‫اللطيف،‬ ‫عبد‬ ‫عماد‬ (3) ‫ص9.‬ ،2015 ‫ط1،‬ ‫األولى،‬ ‫الطبعة‬ ‫والتوزيع،‬ ‫والنشر‬ ‫للطباعة‬ ‫فالية‬ ‫وبيرلمان،‬ ‫وأرسطو‬ ‫أفالطون‬ ‫بين‬ ‫والحجاج‬ ‫الخطابة‬ ‫الولي،‬ ‫محمد‬ (4) .82 ‫ص:‬ ،2020 (1) .29 ‫ص:‬ ،2021 ‫الثانية،‬ ‫الطبعة‬ ،2014 ‫األولى،‬ ‫الطبعة‬ ‫الرباط،‬ ‫األمان،‬ ‫دار‬ ‫العصبة،‬ ‫رضوان‬ ‫ترجمة‬ ‫صواب»،‬ ‫على‬ ‫دائما‬ ‫تكون‬ ‫أن‬ ‫«فن‬ ‫شوبنهاور،‬ ‫أرثور‬ (2) . (1) .74 ‫ص:‬ ،2019 ‫ط1،‬ ‫القاهرة،‬ ‫هنداوي،‬ ‫مؤسسة‬ ‫الصوري)،‬ ‫القاهرة،‬ ‫للنشر،‬ ‫العين‬ ‫دار‬ ‫الجمهور،‬ ‫الوسيط،‬ ‫المؤلف،‬ ‫الحديث،‬ ‫العصر‬ ‫في‬ ‫السياسية‬ ‫الخطابة‬ ‫اللطيف،‬ ‫عبد‬ ‫عماد‬ (2) .62 -61 ‫ص:‬ ،2015 ‫األولى،‬ ‫الطبعة‬

discourse, procrastination, rhetorical quibbling, Van›s theory, invasion of Rafah. (2) .2023 ‫بيروت،‬ ‫ط1،‬ ‫السياسات،‬ ‫ودراسة‬ ‫لألبحاث‬ ‫العربي‬ ‫المركز‬ ‫حايك،‬ ‫مارك‬ ،2022 ‫واالقتصاد،71((61،‬ ‫السياسة‬ ‫مجلة‬ ‫الممارسة،‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫المفهوم‬ ‫من‬ ‫السياسية‬ ‫اللعبة‬ ‫(دالالت‬ ‫العزيز،‬ ‫عبد‬ ‫العمار،‬ (3) .378 -350 ‫أن‬ ‫له،‬ ‫ة‬ ّ ‫علمي‬ ‫مقاربة‬ ‫أية‬ ‫من‬ ‫يقتضي‬ ‫الذي‬ ‫األمر‬ ‫وهو‬ ‫لغـوية،‬ ‫أبنية‬ ‫من‬ ‫الخطاب‬ ‫يتشكل‬ ‫«إذ‬ ‫ة،‬ ّ ‫واالجتماعي‬ (1) (1) https://www.academia.edu/7500301 ،2014 ‫مصر،‬ ‫ص351.‬ ‫المقاومة)،‬ ‫السلطة،‬ ‫البالغة،‬ ‫السياسي..‬ ‫الخطاب‬ ‫(تحليل‬ ‫اللطيف،‬ ‫عبد‬ ‫عماد‬ (2) ‫العراق،‬ ‫ط1،‬ ‫الجمهور)،‬ ‫دراسة‬ ‫(منهجيات‬ ‫بحث:‬ ‫وتطبيقات)،‬ ‫مفاهيم‬ ‫الجمهور،‬ ‫(بالغة‬ ‫اللطيف،‬ ‫عبد‬ ‫عماد‬ ‫راجع:‬ (3) .139 ‫ص‬ ،2017 ‫مراجعة‬ ‫محمد،‬ ‫شبل‬ ‫عزة‬ ‫فرج،‬ ‫أحمد‬ ‫حسام‬ ‫ترجمة:‬ ‫للخطاب،‬ ‫النقدي‬ ‫التحليل‬ ‫مناهج‬ ‫ماير،‬ ‫ميشيل‬ ‫فوداك،‬ ‫روث‬ (4) .62 ‫ص‬ ‫للترجمة،‬ ‫القومي‬ ‫المركز‬ ‫القاهرة:‬ ،1 ‫ط‬ ‫اللطيف،‬ ‫عبد‬ ‫عماد‬ ‫وتقديم:‬ ‫ص965‬ ‫القاهرة،‬ ‫جامعة‬ ‫السلطوي،‬ ‫الخطاب‬ ‫مقاومة‬ ‫في‬ ‫معاصرة‬ ‫مقاربات‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫الوعي‬ ‫من‬ ‫عماد،‬ ‫اللطيف،‬ ‫عبد‬ (5) ‫القاهرة:‬ ،1 ‫ط‬ ‫اللطيف،‬ ‫عبد‬ ‫عماد‬ ‫وتقديم:‬ ‫مراجعة‬ ‫العلي،‬ ‫غيداء‬ ‫ترجمة:‬ ‫والسلطة‬ ‫الخطاب‬ ،2014 ‫توين،‬ ‫دايك،‬ ‫فان‬ (6) .436 ‫ص‬ ‫للترجمة،‬ ‫القومي‬ ‫المركز‬ ‫الوطني‬ ‫المجلس‬ ‫الكويت:‬ ‫المعرفة،‬ ‫عالم‬ ‫رضوان،‬ ‫السالم‬ ‫عبد‬ ‫ترجمة‬ ‫بالعقول،‬ ‫المتالعبون‬ ،1999 ‫أ،‬ ‫هربرت‬ ‫شيللر،‬ 75. ‫ص‬ ‫واآلداب،‬ ‫والفنون‬ ‫للثقافة‬ (2) Filibustering and the changing political media environment: An empirical study of media choice that affects democratic outcome.P.564 https://2u.pw/gGeOvaMs 2024 ‫مارس‬ 25 ‫الجزيرة‬ ‫موقع‬ (3) ‫«أن‬ ‫الطيبي:‬ ‫أحمد‬ ‫الكنيست‬ ‫عضو‬ ‫قاله‬ ‫ما‬ ‫كذلك‬ ." (1( ‫السبل‬ ‫بكل‬ ‫منعها‬ ‫يجب‬ ‫حرب‬ ‫جرائم‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫يؤدي‬ ‫قد‬ ‫من‬ ‫فلسطين‬ ‫لتحرير‬ ‫الديمقراطية‬ ‫الجبهة‬ ‫وحذرت‬ (2) ‫حرب»‬ ‫جريمة‬ ‫بمثابة‬ ‫سيكون‬ ‫لرفح‬ ‫اإلسرائيلي‬ ‫الغزو‬ ‫عرقي‬ ‫وتطهير‬ ‫تهجير‬ ‫ومشاريع‬ ‫ومذابح‬ ‫مجازر‬ ‫من‬ ‫(إسرائيل)،‬ ‫الجماعية‬ ‫اإلبادة‬ ‫دولة‬ ‫له‬ ‫تخطط‬ ‫ما‬ ‫«خطورة‬ ‫المبادرة‬ ‫لحركة‬ ‫العام‬ ‫األمين‬ ‫حذر‬ ‫كما‬ (3) ‫للمقاومة»‬ ‫ومواقع‬ ‫أنفاق‬ ‫عن‬ ‫البحث‬ ‫بدعوى‬ ‫رفح،‬ ‫في‬ ‫شعبنا‬ ‫ضد‬ ‫وغيرها‬ ، (4)

Childhood Rhetoric, Formation public opinion, Resistance, the Israeli War, Gaza, Dominance, Emotion.

the semiology of the Protesting body, the deactivation of the body, the production of signs, Al Jazeera, the Arab revolutions. (2) .556 -544 ،)14(4 ‫والفنية:‬ ‫والتوزيع.‬ ‫للنشر‬ ‫روافد‬ ‫القاهرة:‬ ‫(ط1).‬ ‫الجسد.‬ ‫سوسيولوجيا‬ .)2014( ‫د.‬ ‫لوبروتون،‬ (3) (1) .556 -544 ،)14(4 ‫والفنية:‬ (2) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oldXNs -7LMQ.

critical discourse analysis, discursive strategies, GM food discourses, ideology ‫محاولة‬ ‫في‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أيضً‬ ‫األمر‬ ‫هذا‬ (1) ‫آخرون‬ ‫باحثون‬ ‫درس‬ ‫وقد‬ ‫له.‬ ‫والمؤيدة‬ ‫الوراثي‬ ‫للتعديل‬ ‫المعارضة‬ ‫المواقف‬ ‫ذلك‬ ‫استكشاف‬ ‫أجل‬ ‫من‬ ‫وذلك‬ ‫الوراثي،‬ ‫بالتعديل‬ ‫المتعلقة‬ ‫النقاشات‬ ‫في‬ ‫المستخدمة‬ ‫اإلستراتيجيات‬ ‫لتفكيك‬ (3) )Doolin( ‫ودولين‬ )Motion( ‫موشن‬ ‫اكتشف‬ . (2) What are the limits of the pragmatics of legal argumentation? How do linguistic acts function argumentatively in legal discourse in general, and in the discourse of the judge in particular? Finally, how is the pragmatic intent manifested in judicial discourse? To answer these problems, the article is divided into three main sections: on the meaning of «legal discourse» (the first section), on the meaning of «pragmatic purpose» (the second section), and then the pragmatics of argumentation in judicial discourse (the third section). The article concludes that the success of the linguistic act is achieved by respecting certain rituals; Such as being accomplished in a specific place and time, under the authority of a recognized person, and being accomplished under the auspices of a recognized institution, whether it is a legal linguistic act Acte de langage juridique (legal institution Institution juridique), or a social linguistic act Acte de langage social (social institution Institution sociale).

legal discourse, Moroccan judiciary, pragmatics, argumentation. Les motifs constituent la base de la décision.

‫المفتاحية‬ ‫الكلمات‬

‫رفح‬ ‫السلطوي،‬ ‫الخطاب‬ ‫البالغية،‬ ‫المماحكة‬ ‫المماطلة،‬ ‫الخطاب،‬

Abstract

The study aims to understand the systematic implications behind the rhetorical quibble employed in political procrastination, through the authoritarian discourse directed in military statements and news interviews, to invade Rafah during the Gaza war, that media promotion in the speeches of the American authority controlling the expression of opinion with approval and rejection, and the speeches of the Israeli occupation in submitting requests and military plans for the invasion, and how to benefit from the phenomenon of procrastination in two aspects, the response of the international community on the one hand, and decision -making on the other hand, by employing media disinformation and rhetorical manipulation, With the aim of enabling military capability, the military attack in the ground invasion on safe areas inhabited by civilians, and the hidden and declared ideologies that the speeches carry, reflected on their effects on the discourse to gain collective sympathy, by changing memory and replacing it with false memory, and exploiting the victim's fabricated speech to make bloody decisions with international approval and response, with the aim of achieving long -term acceptance, as the study will depend on Van's discourse analysis methodology, and the studied sample will be a set of American and Israeli news agencies are taken from well -known news agencies such as: (Al Jazeera, Quds Plus, Sky News, and others). During the war period from October 7, 2023, to April 2024.

Throughout its long history, rhetoric and related studies have focused on adult rhetoric, and attention has rarely been paid to children's rhetoric, despite the fundamental role that children's rhetoric has played and continues to play in shaping and influencing opinion, and in resisting the discourses of authority and prevailing forms of hegemony. Children often produce eloquent speeches, or they are exploited as an emotional rhetorical subject to influence the recipient, or they are employed in delivering eloquent speeches produced by adults, but the child's delivery gives them greater argumentative and emotional power, which may exceed the power of adult eloquence. The article seeks to analyze rhetorically some of the discourses of children on Facebook and YouTube, and some of the discourses that employ children in discourses of resistance to the Israeli aggression on Gaza and stopping it, and in producing what David L. Altheide(1) called the «discourse of fear» and its resistance, and to examine the function of these discourses and their contribution to changing social and political reality, Especially since today's children are tomorrow's men, and childhood has opinions and attitudes that can revive the consciences of adults and push them to resist domination and tyranny so that they can bequeath to them a better world and a more beautiful tomorrow. We use the method of rhetorical analysis of discourse, especially the tools of the new school of rhetoric, and examine the rhetorical elements and their functions within the context of the conversational situation. The research concluded that children have become a discursive and rhetorical force, especially with the emergence of social media, to produce speeches that express their opinions in the virtual public space, and concern general social and political issues, their human rights concerns, and the circle of their desires and interests, and to influence global public opinion in order to push it toward Adopting their opinions and positions and supporting their cause.

This article aims to explore the slogans of the Ultras in Morocco, particularly those of the Curva Chi factions (Ultras Askary, Black Army), through semiotic and pragmatic analysis. These slogans are viewed as «significant systems» that reflect the sports culture, especially in football events, and influence the broader lives of young people. The goal of studying logos is to break down their components and uncover their meanings thought using the tools and methods of semantic semiology. This approach enables us to trace meanings and infer significance from direct representation to implication. The article examined six graphic logos, analyzing them and exploring the differences between them. Finally, the article arrived at several conclusions, the most significant of which is that the ultras' discourse in general is a double discourse; In addition to its basic sportsencouragement dimension, it also promotes crucial values in human existence, such as love, freedom, justice, success, and victory. However, some slogans appeared unacceptable (e.g., destruction, war), particularly in a sporting context that should be characterized by positive spirit, ethics, and respect for others' opinions and desires.

This study investigates the discourse of a long -lasting social debate over the safety of genetically modified food in China. Based on data from the social media platform WeChat, it adopts the perspective of critical discourse analysis to analyze what strategies are used in discourses of Chinese genetically modified foods to construct identities of the two opposing sides in genetically modified debates. The two sides use different rhetorical devices, argumentative strategies, and intertextual historical elements. Specifically, opponents of genetically modified food are inclined to use metaphors, moralization, intertextual proverbs, and revolutionary inflection to legitimize their position, while supporters often use irony, authorization, and historical allusions to legitimate as well as enhance their hegemony. I suggest that exploring how each side strategically constructs a discourse may facilitate better understanding and mitigate conflict between the two polarized viewpoints represented in social media.

‫فتتح:‬ ُ ‫الم‬

‫العربية‬ ‫الثورات‬ Abstract

This study investigates Aljazeera's employment of the rhetorical events, symbols, and semiological signs produced by the protesting bodies during its news coverage of the Arab revolutions following 2010; ability of the protesting bodies to produce signs and meaning, and ability of the discursive direction of events to impose and retake authority. Using Fairclough three -dimensional theorem, which analyzes the text in terms of representation, relationship and identity; the rhetorical practice and production analysis such as how news is covered and written; and socio -cultural practices, and with the help of Van Dijk's method to analyze a purposive sample, the descriptive analytic study reveals that Al -Jazeera intensively uses power in discourse strategies. Thus, it has the power to centralize/decentralize the protesting bodies. It has also the ability to impose and retake authority by allocating the effectiveness and functionality of both the protesting bodies and ruling or emerging alternatives. Media coverage has the power to demonstrate, blockade and redirect the movement of the revolutionary bodies and their extraordinary capacity to construct meanings and signs. Accordingly, it has the power to undermine the monopoly of sign production. The produced signs have the power to enforce an organizational structure that can retake authority. By interacting the processes of construction and destruction-sign production and swallowing-Aljazeera deftly made the portrayal of reality more ideological than true. Like all powers, Aljazeera can impose, weaken and negate power as it can produce and transfer power.

‫مقدمة‬

‫المعاصرة،‬ ‫الرحلية‬ ‫الكتابة‬ ‫انعطافات‬ ‫أحد‬ ‫بارغاس‬ ‫اإلسباني‬ ‫للكاتب‬ (1) .103 ‫ص‬ ‫قصيدة،‬ ‫إيقاع‬ ‫على‬ (4) .107 ‫ص‬ ‫نفسه‬ (5) (1) .19 ‫ص‬ ‫نفسه،‬ (2) .19 ‫ص‬ ‫قصيدة‬ ‫إيقاع‬ ‫على‬ (3) ‫ص12.‬ ‫نفسه،‬ (4) (2) .65 ‫ص‬ .69 ‫ص‬ ‫سابق‬ ‫مرجع‬ ‫البصائر،‬ ‫بينها،‬ ‫العالقة‬ -‫تكوينها‬ ‫المجتمعات؛‬ ‫العنكي،‬ ‫عباس‬ ‫الشيخ‬ (3) .41 -40 ‫قصيدة،‬ ‫إيقاع‬ ‫على‬ (4) ‫الالذقية،‬ ‫والتوزيع،‬ ‫للنشر‬ ‫الحوار‬ ‫دار‬ ‫منشوران‬ ‫الشهابي،‬ ‫علي‬ ‫تر.‬ ‫9391م،‬ -1931 ‫اإلسبانية‬ ‫الثورة‬ ‫تروتسكي‬ ‫ليون‬ (5) .59 ‫ص‬ ‫2991م،‬ ‫سوريا،‬ .40 ‫ص‬ ‫قصيدة،‬ ‫إيقاع‬ ‫على‬ (6) .41 ‫ص‬ ‫نفسه،‬ ( (2) .85 -84 ‫نفسه،‬ (3) .82 ‫ص‬ ‫قصيدة،‬ ‫إيقاع‬ ‫على‬ (4) .82 ‫ص‬ ‫نفسه،‬ ( .47 ‫ص‬ ‫قصيدة،‬ ‫إيقاع‬ ‫على‬ (1) .74 ‫ص‬ ،2013 ‫األولى‬ ‫ط‬ ‫أكادير،‬ ‫الزاهي،‬ ‫فريد‬ ‫واالختالف،‬ ‫واللغة‬ ‫الجسد‬ ‫رهانات‬ ‫واآلخر،‬ ‫الصورة‬ (2) .36 ‫ص‬ ‫قصيدة،‬ ‫إيقاع‬ ‫على‬ (

Keywords

Résumé

Cette recherche vise à étudier les stimuli de l'audience du football, à travers un corpus discursif, langagier et figuratif constitué à partir de la participation excellente de l'équipe marocaine à la Coupe Mondiale organisée à Qatar en 2022. La recherche essaie de répondre à deux questions centrales: quelle est la nature des stimuli rhétoriques que sous -tend ce corpus discursif ? Quels sont leurs buts rhétoriques ? La recherche avance comme hypothèse de base, le discours qu'adoptent les spectateurs lors des rencontres sportives de masse était raffiné, car il sous -tend des buts rhétoriques visant à persuader et à convaincre le récepteur. D'où, la rhétorique de l'audience va constituer un cadre cognitif et opérationnel de la recherche. In fine, Les résultats de la recherche démontrent que les figures de la guerre et de la faune constituent des images métaphoriques pour exhiber la force de l'équipe nationale devant ses adversaires.

Mots clés:

Stimuli rhétoriques -discours du football -rhétorique de l'audience -applaudissement -Métaphore de la guerre. (1) .11 -10 ‫ص.‬ ،2005 ‫مصر،‬ ‫القاهرة،‬ ‫جامعة‬ ‫المثقف،‬ ‫ودور‬ .13 ‫ص.‬ ‫نفسه،‬ ‫المرجع‬ (2) .18 ‫ص.‬ ‫نفسه،‬ ‫المرجع‬ ( .33 ‫ص.‬ ‫نفسه،‬ ‫المرجع‬ (2) .33 ‫ص.‬ ‫نفسه،‬ ‫المرجع‬ (3) ‫المعرفة،‬ ‫كنوز‬ ‫دار‬ ‫جونسون،‬ ‫ومارك‬ ‫اليكوف‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫أرسطو‬ ‫من‬ ‫الغربية‬ ‫البالغة‬ ‫في‬ ‫االستعارة‬ ‫نظريات‬ ‫لحويدق،‬ ‫العزيز‬ ‫عبد‬ (4) .269 ‫ص.‬ ،2015 ‫عمان،‬ .54 ‫ص.‬ ‫بها،‬ ‫نحيا‬ ‫التي‬ ‫االستعارات‬ ‫جونسون،‬ ‫ومايكل‬ ‫اليكوف‬ ‫جورج‬ (5) .55 ‫ص.‬ ‫نفسه،‬ ‫المرجع‬ (6) .47 -46 ‫ص.‬ ‫نفسه،‬ ‫المرجع‬ (7) .33 ‫ص.‬ ‫نفسه،‬ ‫المرجع‬ (8) (2) .122 ‫ص.‬ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ituVnS -sbeA ‫الرابط:‬ ‫انظر‬ ،bein sport ‫لقناة‬ ‫وثائقي‬ ‫«الحالمون»‬ (3) . (2) Ibid.

‫تقديم‬

(3) Ibid. (1) .146 ‫ص.‬ ،2019 ‫مايو‬ ،2 ‫العدد‬ ‫واإلعالمية،‬ ‫االستراتيجية‬ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9y90eTkYT -E ‫اآلتي:‬ ‫الرابط‬ ‫انظر‬ ،bein sport ‫لقناة‬ ‫وثائقي‬ ‫«الحالمون»‬ (2) .54 :

‫تمهيد‬

Le dispositif énonce les infractions dont les personnes citées sont déclarées coupables ou responsables ainsi que la peine, les textes de loi appliqués, et les condamnations civiles.

Il est donné lecture du jugement par le président ou par l'un des juges ; cette lecture peut être limitée au

Keys words

Coexictence, rationalization of policy, orientalist writing, denigration

Summary

This research aims to reveal the vision behind Diego Rodríguez Vargas's journey in «To the Rhythm of a Poem». The work seems to advocate for enhancing the intellectual's role in guiding politics and bridging gaps between peoples, while controlling the actions of decision -makers and conflict proponents.

However, Vargas's argument and rhetoric lack objectivity. He appears constrained by colonial references and adopts a biased writing style. His orientalist perspective leads to the depiction of the «Other» as an objectified subject, subject to the conqueror's will and distortion.

Vargas's writing does not merely report on the Moroccan «Other» but actively participates in constructing a new, distorted image. This crafted image arouses astonishment and wonder, catering to Western viewers and captivating readers by presenting the «Other» in a sensationalized and distorted manner.