Die Gropius Meisterhäuser

BAUHAUS DESSAU DIE GROPIUS MEISTERHÄUSER CHRISTOPHER H. JOHNSON #3247338 PRESENTATION AGENDA I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. THE ORIGINAL SETTLEMENT THE RESIDENTS THE HOUSES THE SETTLEMENT HISTORY THE THEORY DEBATE THE “RECONSTRUCTION” THE DETAILS MEISTERHÄUSER SETTLEMENT, 1926 http://www.gropius-haus.de/8.html • DESIGNED BY WALTER GROPIUS • CONSISTS OF (1) SINGLE HOUSE FOR THE DIRECTOR (GROPIUS) • AND, (3) DOUBLE HOUSES FOR THE BAUHAUS MASTERS • 20 M BACK FROM THE ROAD DESSAU: BAUHAUS PROXIMITY • A: BAUHAUS KOMPLEX • B: DIRECTOR’S HOUSE • DISTANCE: 600 M • HOUSES SITUATED AT EBERTALLEE 63-71, DESSAU THE DESSAU DIRECTORS • WALTER GROPIUS (1883-1969) • Founder of the Bauhaus School • Resided in Dessau (1926-1928) • HANNES MEYER (1889-1954) • Swiss Architect • Resided in Dessau (1928-1930) • LUDWIG MIES VAN DER ROHE (1886-1969) • Architect • Resided in Dessau (1930-1932) THE DESSAU MASTERS: • DH #1 VASSILY KANDINSKY • • • (1866-1944) Russian painter First Abstractionist On White II (1923) • PAUL KLEE • • • • • (1879-1940) Swiss painter Expressionist/Cubist Musician “The Bauhaus Buddha” Tale à la Hoffmann (1921) THE DESSAU MASTERS: • OSKAR SCHLEMMER • • • DH #2 (1888 – 1943) Theorist GEORG MUCHE • • Bauhaus Stairway (1932) (1895-1987) Textile Designer Stilleben Aus Glas (1921) THE DESSAU MASTERS: • DH #3 LYONEL FEININGER • • (1871-1956) Expressionist Gaberndorf II (1924) • LASZLO MOHOLY-NAGY • • • (1895-1946) Hungarian painter Constructivist Composition Z VII (1924) THE DIRECTOR¬S HOUSE • Planned and Built: 1925-1926 • Building Cost: 69,000 Marks FEATURES • • http://www.meisterhaeuser.de/en/house_walter_gropius.html • • • • • • REVIT MODEL LINK HERE Straßenansicht Haus Gropius, 1926 Bauhausbauten Dessau, 92 “Floating appearance “ formed by the superposition of a rectangle and an Lshaped object Natural setting as contrast to abstract aesthetics Roof terrace Large Windows (großbürgerlichen Nutzungsplan) • Servants and Guest quarters Asymmetric / cubic composition Flat roof White plaster • Visualization THE DOPPELWOHNHAUS • VIDEO TOUR • SKETCH UP MODEL FEATURES Source: http://www.meisterhaeuser.de/de/Haus_Georg_Muche.html • exemplary result of a modern and feature-oriented requirement analysis. • semi-detached houses layout: Mirrorimage and 90 degree twisted counterparts • Rational system arrangement of the dining room /kitchen / dishwash areas with pass-throughs SIEDLUNG HISTORY : 1932-1956 Emmers Haus Source: http://www.yakubiuk.com/wordpress/?m=200610 1932: 1933: 1939 : Bauhaus Dessau closed Houses assumed by the city of Dessau 1945: the director's house and adjoining semi-detached house of Laszlo Moholy-Nagy destroyed Emmers Haus, a traditional style with gabled roof, built on Director’s Haus foundation 1956 Sold to Junkerswerke with the condition that "the outer form of these houses should now be changed so that the alien building forms are removed from the town's appearance” SIEDLUNG HISTORY : 1992-2002 Pre-restoration House Kandinsky / Klee 1999 Source: http://www.meisterhaeuser.de/en/history_1933_to_today.html 1992 1996 1999 2000 2002 Reconstruction of Feininger House Inscribed on the World Heritage List Reconstruction of Kandinsky/Klee House Reconstruction of Muche/Schlemmer House the historical paths around the sites, the lawns and the trees were re-landscaped SIEDLUNG HISTORY :2002-2011 BFM Visualization Source: ARCH +, OCT 2011 2002 the city of Dessau bought the Emmers House from private hands to secure the option of reconstruction 2003 Stiftung Bauhaus Dessau begins "Updating Modernism" campaign to prevent a reconstruction of the original / same Gropius house 2007 city council of Dessau-Rosslau decided on reconstruction of houses Gropius and Moholy-Nagy end 2007 May 2008 a two-stage international competition was announced March 2010 July 2011 Berlin architects Bruno Fioretti Marquez awarded by the jury two 2 Places were offered, but without pronouncing a realization recommendation started the implementation of the design. the Emmer-house was demolished THE THEORY PROBLEM ßUPDATING MODERNISM­ ISSUES Cover, 2004 • the history of modern architecture in Germany • the history of the Bauhaus’ reception at this location • the remembrance policy strategies upheld by UNESCO World Heritage Sites. The Bauhaus Faculty, et. al. Source: http://actuallymag.com/which-bauhaus/ Bauhaus School Dessau Source: http://www.modell-bauhaus.de/index.php?en_dessau THE THEORY PROBLEM: ßUPDATING MODERNISM­ OPTIONS • ICOMOS approved reconstruction of the entire Masters’ House Ensemble • the aesthetic reconstruction of the outer form of the Gropius Master’s House in the interests of tourism. • the conservation of the Emmer House as an historic record of destruction and reconstruction. • The final alternative “integrates reconstruction and conservation.” Source: http://www.studioproxy.de/sbr-80-type-walter THE THEORY PROBLEM ßUPDATING MODERNISM­ COMMENTARY • “the Bauhaus legacy is safeguarded by the up-to-date configuration/transfiguration of the building’s present state” • “the memories of Modernism preserved at this memorial site are thus updated/taken forward into the future of architecture and space development” • Comments From Stiftung Bauhaus Dessau • INTERVIEW WITH PETER EISENMANN (From UmBauhaus DVD) Peter Eisenmann, Holocaust Memorial Berlin Source: http://www.constructionphotography.com/Details.aspx?ID=7814&TypeID=1 THE ßRECONSTRUCTION­: BFM DESIGN CONCEPT • “Präzision der Unschärfe” (Precision of the Blur) • “We have understood that the principle of uncertainty is a component of remembering and this is the core concept of our design. A repair was inevitable in the ensemble of master houses. The spare parts should allow the viewer to perceive the ensemble as it was originally designed. At the same time they should put him in a position to distinguish between inventory and repair. Reconstruction was not an option, since it would not only blur the differences between the architectural origins from each copy, but also legitimacy of the originals would be questioned. “ • From Interview with BFM (Stiftung Bauhaus Dessau) HIROSHI SUGIMOTO Villa Savoye (1998) THE DETAILS? WEBCAM OF NEW GROPIUS HOUSE CONSTRUCTION Source: http://www.dessau.de/Deutsch/DessauRosslau/Startseite/Webcam-Meisterhaeuser/ • “Through abstraction of detail and material, this new structure will be built on the original, existing basement of the Directors House as an external envelope of concrete, with resin filled voids to allow light into the space. “ • Source: http://dessaubauhaus.wordpress.com/2011/09/18/the-directors-house/ THE DETAILS? Source: CH Johnson, Revit Model • • • • Little is known about the new internal space, but the architects describe the interior as an “artifact” constructed in timber. The basement and garage will be restored and they will accommodate the visitor facilities – the toilets will be located in the garage and the ticket office and cloakroom in the basement. There are very few objects from the original house. Visualization of “Artifact Space” PROBLEMS AND COMPROMISES • BUILDING ENVELOPE • “weißen Schaumglasbeton “ (white foam glass concrete.) • This material is not yet approved in Germany, • Instead ”Blähbeton” (foam concrete) has been used. • WINDOWS • The design of the window will change. • originally planned in the frameless windows, poured resin “Harz”. • New windows are a molten glass “aufeinander geschmolzenem.” • Still waiting for windows!!! • COSTS • For the reconstruction of the Gropius house and the detached house of Moholy-Nagy now approximately EUR 4 million (!) have accumulated. • Source: http://www.gropius-haus.de/8.html SOURCES DROSTE, M. (1998). Bauhaus, 1919-1933. Köln, B. Taschen. ESCHER, C. & NGO, A. (2011). “Die Meisterhaussiedlung in Dessau “. ARCH +, 204. GROPIUS, W., & WINGLER, H. M. (1974). Bauhausbauten Dessau. Mainz, Kupferberg. HOLLWICH, M., & WEISBACH, R. (2004). UmBauhaus: Aktualisierung der Moderne = updating modernism. Berlin, Jovis. MARKGRAF, M. (2006). Archäologie der Moderne: Sanierung Bauhaus Dessau = Archaeology of modernism : renovation Bauhaus Dessau. Berlin, Jovis. MICHELS, N. (2000). Architektur und Kunst: das Meisterhaus Kandinsky-Klee in Dessau. Leipzig, Seemann. WEBSITES: MEISTERHÄUSER DESSAU (http://www.meisterhauser.de) STIFTUNG BAUHAUS DESSAU (http://www.bauhaus-dessau.de) http://www.gropius-haus.de http://denkmaldebatten.de/kontroversen/meisterhaeuser-dessau/ .