Beyond Borders Autoinmune Practices In AState Of Law

Movements Journal for Critical Migration and Border Regime Studies 6(1), 2021

Over the last years the EU border regime has undergone a remarkable shift towards political technologies that act in growing disregard towards the suffering and possible death of migrants on their way to Europe. Especially since the EU-Turkey Deal in March 2016 this development has once again drastically deteriorated the situation on the Aegean islands. The ›hotspots‹ have been transformed gradually into open air prisons, in which lives are put on hold, different forms of violence overlap and an enclosed population is exposed to disproportional epidemic risks. Combining perspectives of a political and engaged anthropology as well as of Critical Border and Europeanization Studies this dialogue discusses the shape and effects of processes of spatial fragmentation at the ›margins of Europe‹. What does daily life look like in these politically produced zones of exception in times of COVID-19? How are they linked to the imperial and colonial histories of Europe, on the one hand, as well as to global regimes of controlling mobilities on the other hand? Which political rationalities and modes of governance overlap here? And taking the growing relevance of »necropolitics« in these border regimes into consideration: Should we assume that the era of »humanitarian reason« has come to an end?

Political Anthropology Research on International Social Sciences PARISS, 2021

This paper questions state sovereignty at borders, by referencing the contradictions that a border control approach based upon security concerns creates, and the distortions between societies of norms and situations of exception that the European migration and asylum policies generate. Meanwhile, whilst sovereignty should correspond in a legal theory perspective to authority, its expressions manifested in the European borders consists essentially in domination as bare violence is deployed. By investigating the hiatus between how sovereignty ought to be in theory and how it is observed in practice, it is possible to consider that the very sovereignty is diffracted in the thickness of the frontiers (i). This paper explores the methods states develop directly or indirectly in the borders, inside the border zones, basing the analysis on the notion of heterotopia Michel Foucault forged. Such a conceptual tool is deployed in order to underscore how states construct and exploit frontiers as useful margins and establish them as dissolution zones. Three methods-extraction, classification and obliteration-are highlighted that correspond to the main purposes of border surveillance-control, selection and removal-(ii).

Deathscapes of Land and Sea: Gianfranco Rosi’s Fuocoammare and Ai Weiwei’s Human Flow Francisco-J. Hernández Adrián Durham University (UK) The cosmos, in Alexander von Humboldt’s visionary accounts, can be apprehended through an immoderate acceleration of the local perspective. This acceleration imagines an adequate and genteel insertion of technological timescales (the temporalities produced and aided by measuring and navigational instruments) that extend ideologies of exploration and mapping, conquest and extraction into manageable and prosperous futures. The acceleration of the local perspective expands visuality beyond its insular standpoint, making it panoramic and capacious, simultaneously mobile and potentially boundless in the name of universal knowledge and moral perfection, international harmony and global peace. As Kantian and Humboldtian models of cosmopolitan and global thinking give way to the “unthought” of “planetary cognitive systems” and “cognitive assemblages” (Katherine Hayles), there are new and urgent questions surrounding borders, regimes, disposability. Hernández Adrián considers the current sensory and affective emphasis in migration visualities through discussions of two recent documentary films about immigrant and refugee crises. Gianfranco Rosi’s celebrated Fire at Sea (Fuocoammare) (2016) is a staggering visual text that dwells uncomfortably on visual and aestheticopolitical boundaries. Filmed on the island of Lampedusa in 2015, it centres on Samuelle, a schoolboy from a local fishing family, approaching the so-called European refugee crisis from a series of unexpected small island angles. Ai Weiwei’s Human Flow (2017) expands the local perspective historically and territorially, deploying a dazzling panoramic projection that demonstrates the systemic and unprecedented scale of forced displacement, migration and statelessness involving more than 65 million people across twenty-three countries. Weiwei’s imaginary is expansive and continental, irreducibly global and multiply fragmented. In both documentary films, longstanding concepts such as “the cosmos” and “international harmony,” “asylum,” and “refugee status” are rendered obsolete, while “human” and “landscape” can arguably be conceptualized accurately in terms of deathscapes of land and sea, given the sheer exorbitance of death rates across local contexts and global panoramas. Both films register these processes of conceptual erosion through contrasting perspectival manoeuvres: insular and amphibian, trans-continentally panoramic. Hernández Adrián asks how these visual texts might speak to us about a cosmopolitics of the small island model of surveillance (Lampedusa and the Canary Islands), the detainment and detention centre (Guantánamo and Manus Island), and related transitional spaces (the now dismantled “Calais Jungle” and the emerging EU-Turkey Refugee Deal) in today’s transnational contexts. What precisely do these documentary films demand of us imaginatively and conceptually, through their combined registers of insular and continental scales?

This chapter investigates how, in response to trends in transnational migration, borders are governed through practices such as the confinement and deportation of foreign migrants and asylum seekers. In particular, the increasing prominence of camps or other restricted areas in which migrants or illegal aliens are held for varying lengths of time highlight a new distribution of power defined by access to mobility. An empirical investigation into these spaces shows how democratic governments manage non-citizen populations and examines the ways in which the types of restriction and surveillance brought to bear on these people reconfigure physical, moral, and political boundaries. Several issues shape policy on border detention: confinement, albeit in a humanitarian form; the administrative application of different standards of rights for various alien populations; the conflation of humanitarian care and control for populations identified as vulnerable; the redrawing of frontiers through networks and zones; and, lastly, the experience of mobility produced by the differential management of movement within the modern archipelagos of surveillance. Border policies frame a network within the territory, which maintains the individuals in spaces of administrative suspension (such as the ambiguous figure of the clandestine-asylum seeker) and in interdependent spaces of confinement (such as the network of border detention, administrative detention for sans-papiers and prisons). The paper sheds a light on how this device emerges, by which national borders are reactivated within the social sphere. Ce chapitre se penche sur le phénomène des migrations transnationales et sur le gouverne-ment des frontières qui y répond, à travers des pratiques d'enfermement et d'expulsion des étrangers en Europe. La construction des camps d'étrangers, dont relève ce champ d'investiga-tion, témoigne de nouvelles distributions du pouvoir qui passent par l'accès à la mobilité. Une enquête empirique dans ces espaces nous invite à comprendre les pratiques par lesquelles les gouvernements démocratiques administrent des populations non-citoyennes, et la façon dont ces modalités de prise en charge et de surveillance opèrent une reconfiguration des frontières physiques, morales et politiques. Le confinement des étrangers entrecroise plusieurs dimensions : la construction d'un enfermement humanitaire, et les usages institutionnels et militants de différents régimes de droits qui y sont en jeu; les pratiques de prise en charge de populations identifiées comme vulnérables; les reconfigurations de la frontière à travers de nouvelles formes réticulaires et zonales; et enfin, l'expérience de circulation que dessinent les archipels de surveillance, et les pratiques de gestion différentielle des mobilités dont participent les zones d'attente. Ces politiques de contrôle migratoire créent un réseau frontalier à l'intérieur du territoire, qui saisit les individus dans des espaces de suspension administrative (celle du « demandeur d'asile-sans papier » mis sous procédure d'asile prioritaire) et des espaces, inter-dépendants, d'enfermement (le centre de rétention administrative, la zone d'attente, la prison de droit commun). Comment se met en place ce dispositif qui réactive les frontières nationales

The 21st Century has been marked by a raising concern over security issues, the increasing human mobility and the intensification of violent political phenomena both contributed to mobilize fears and political tensions. This specific context inserts itself into a larger process of globalization described by Fassin as an openness of borders for goods and services and a progressive restriction of freedom of movement legitimized by these supranational threats to peace and security. The perception of these threats by European policy-makers has led to the design of discursive, normative and technological mechanisms as part of a global response to secure the area. These (in)securitization practices have transformed progressively the dynamics of freedom and security in the European Union : border management has been driven by a political ideology responding to the " needs " and perceptions of our time: based on that, it can be said that all the components of border management and control are framed within the general objective of targeting illegal immigration, as such the construction of a common EU policy have been pointing at restraining the " bad " form of human mobility which frequently appear to be an amalgam between immigration, criminality and terrorism. In summary, the global context of international relations and economic dynamics have been affecting the freedom of movement of some individuals. For everyone, travelling to and through the EU means going through an impressive set of filters which define and categorize the travelers according to different criteria (both objective and subjective) making them " treatable " by the administrative apparatus and therefore governable. This set the basis for the exclusion of certain undesirable sectors of the traveling population. Over time, the discursive practices over the threats underlining human mobility towards Europe have legitimized and sustained the reinforcement of border control and the practices of surveillance, control, filtering, detention and penalization of the " aliens ". As such, this subject poses direct ethical and human rights implications, partly because of the massive use of technologies and databases for control but also because of the discriminative and sometimes violent practices observed on a daily basis at European borders. In this short essay, we will try to understand through Bigo and Fassin's work to what extend the contemporary mutations of borders due to (in)securitization mechanisms reframe the traditional practices and actors involved in border control and puts at risk migrant's fundamental rights and asylum as an institution.

International Political Sociology, 2008

Politics of borders and the distinction between inside/outside have become an important security practice of liberal states. Borders are strategically used to change the balance between security and liberties. This article analyzes the legal constitution of border zones and argues that security is not exceptional in its constitution but results from ordinary law and practices. Illiberal practices at border zones are embedded in ordinary politics of the liberal state.

2020

The borders of our time are arguably more complex than ever: on the one hand, they are unstable concepts with shifting meanings, metaphors, and paradigms of thinking; on the other, they are hard facts, fortified geographical shells, hard to penetrate and often deadly. Furthermore, it is safe to say that in our current times of crisis (of democracy), borders have moved to the very heart of heated debates. From the porous interior boundaries of the Schengen space, to the mass migration challenging the external limits of the European Union, to the post-soviet military conflict zone in Ukraine, to the isolationist thrust of Brexit: After a period of de-bordering, we are facing a re-bordering, and the meanings of Europe and the ideals of democracy and civil society they stand for are being challenged. As borders tighten and close, bodies become increasingly vulnerable, rendering every political crisis a potential humanitarian disaster. This thematic issue will re-think Europe and the Americas through these crises and the challenges they pose. In so doing, it will specifically engage the transformation of European and American body politics in times of austerity, hyper-securitization, protest suppression tactics, and war. By approaching the current European and American crises through the conceptual field of the “border” and considering their impact on biopolitics in the fields of politics, literature, culture, and environmental struggles, this volume will contribute both to a critical analytical delineation of current (dialogic) processes in European and American civil societies and offer impulses towards the formulations of new visions of border conceptualizations and management. In order to critically engage all these themes, we invite proposals along the following fields of inquiry:  Border Crises and Populism  Border Crises and Race, Gender, and Sexuality  Border Crises and Civil Society  Border Crises and Trauma  Border Crises and Environment  Border Art: Border Crises through Artists’ Eyes Contributions (5000-8000 words) might address these topics through literary, cultural, linguistic, historical, or social approaches; additional themes may include affect, citizenship, displacement, exile, and geographies. Please submit a 500-word abstract and brief bio directly to e.nossem@mx.uni-saarland.de by January 31, 2020. Full papers will be due on May 1, 2020.

Environment and Planning-Part D, 2010

PAIX ET SÉCURITÉ INTERNATIONALES-Núm. 07--2019--- Journal of International Law and International Relations, 2019

PAIX ET SÉCURITÉ INTERNATIONALES-Núm. 07--2019--- Journal of International Law and International Relations https://revistas.uca.es/index.php/paetsei/issue/view/374 https://revistas.uca.es/index.php/paetsei/index ----------------------Studies Transboundary Water Resources in Central Asia and its Impact in the Emergency of Conflicts Affecting Regional Stability Mar Campins Eritja 13-46 The Land and Maritime Delimitation of the Court of The Hague in the Affairs of Costa Rica v. Nicaragua, in Light of Their Proposals (February 2, 2018) Eric Tremolada Álvarez 47-84 Mutualisaton des Puissances et Sécurité en Afrique: pour une approche néopragmatiste du rôle du droit Omar Kourouma 85-116 Refugee Crisis and Migrations at the Gates of Europe: Deterritoriality, Extraterritoriality and Externalization of Border Controls Alejandro Del Valle Gálvez 117-160 The Instruments of Pre-border Control in the EU: A New Source of Vulnerability for Asylum Seekers? María Nagore Casas 161-198 --------------------Notes Immigration in Spain: Migratory Routes, Cooperation with Third Countries and Human Rights in Return Procedures Inmaculada González García 201-230 Géopolitique de l’intélligence Artificielle : Les enjeux de la rivalité sino-americaine Mohamed Rida Nour 231-259 New Migrant Detention Strategies in Spain: Short-term Assistance Centres and Internment Centres for Foreign Nationals Diego Boza Martínez, Dévika Pérez Medina 261-277 L’ investissement direct étranger en tant que facteur géopolitique du Soft Power marocain en Afrique : réflexion interprétative Ahmed Iraqi 279-297 Small Island, Big Issue: Malta and its Search and Rescue Region - SAR Ángeles Jiménez García-Carriazo 299-321 The European Union and the Egyptian Neighbour: assessing the characterization of resilience as an external action priority Javier Bordón 323-348 ---------------------Agora Diffusion of Research Result 'Research Projects on Immigration and Human Rights: CIMCETT PROJECT' Claudia Jiménez Cortés, Monserrat Pi Llorens 351-360 ¿Sobrevivirá el Plan Mares al Plan Integral de Seguridad Marítima? La falta de doctrina estratégica española hacia el área del Estrecho de Gibraltar Luis Romero Bartumeus 361-381 ------------------Documentation Relación de Tratados, Acuerdos no Normativos, Memorandos de Entendimiento y Comunicados Conjuntos España-Marruecos, 2018-2019 Lorena Calvo Mariscal 385-389 ------------Annotated Bibliography DÍEZ PERALTA, E., El matrimonio infantil y forzado en el Derecho Internacional. Un enfoque de género y derechos humanos, ed. Tirant Lo Blanch, Valencia, 2019 Marta Reina Grau 393-398 OANTA, G.A. (coord.), El Derecho del mar y las personas y grupos vulnerables, Bosch Editor, Barcelona, 2018 Annina Bürgin 399-403 ------------- Tableau d’équivalence des postes Universitaires ACADEMIC RANKS 405 https://revistas.uca.es/index.php/paetsei/index https://revistas.uca.es/index.php/paetsei/issue/view/374