Sustainable Development Goals 2030

2012

2010

Intra-and interspecific variations of C-values and the relationship between habitat factors and genome size were studied in natural populations of diploid and tetraploid wild wheats.

The main purpose of this thesis is to develop and apply a linear program model that minimizes the total fueling costs in a multiple sector route system of an airline. As starting point, it is developed a study of the operational aspects of a procedure usually performed by airlines called “Fuel Tankering” in which, primarily, more fuel quantities are tankered at stations that present the lowerest fuel price per litter. The additional fuel burned per extra quantity loaded is a very significant factor, besides the fuel price, and has to be considered in the choice of the fueling stations. The transport cost of this extra fuel must be computed. In the related publications, fuel tankering analysis is performed sector by sector separately. In this study, a model that determines the fuel tankering strategy will be developed considering the analysis of all sectors simultaneously. Such model was applied to a medium size jet fleet (typical 100 seat capacity) on a weekly route system of a Brazilian commercial airline. It will be verified if such strategy would produce the significant operational cost reduction as predicted in recent literature, presenting monthly and annual saving projections, if adopted. Additionally, an environmental impact analysis regarding such procedure applied to this route system was performed, considering that more fuel loaded will produce more fuel burned on each sector and, consequently, higher levels of polluent jet engine’s exhaust gas would be emitted.

We report a method for the determination of δ18O isotopic abundance in olive oils. The results obtained by applying the method to various Andalusian oil samples obtained in the 2004/05 and 2005/ 06 seasons are discussed in relation to olive variety, geographical origin, climate and ripeness index. Application of the method to samples of assured varietal purity exposed the influence of olive variety and origin but not of the ripeness index. The δ18O values for the 2005/06 season are higher on average than those obtained in the colder 2004/05 season. Results obtained for samples of the Picual and Hojiblanca varieties in Córdoba and Málaga in the 2005/06 season suggest a correlation between enrichment in heavy isotopes and latitude whereas no clear-cut effect of altitude was observed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Catalysis Today, 2009

2010

We have determined d 13 C, d 2 H and d 18 O isotopic abundances in Andalusian olive oils. In addition, the fatty acid composition and the distribution of isomers at positions 1,3 and 2 of glycerol were determined by 1 H and 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, respectively. Isotopic results obtained for four series of oil samples extracted from olives harvested in the 2004/05 and 2005/06 seasons are discussed in terms of olive variety, ripeness, geographical origin, fatty acid composition and growing altitude. A distinction was also established between olives grown in irrigated and in dry land by studying selected samples of the previous series and others from the 2005/06, 2006/07, 2007/08 and 2008/09 seasons. The results showed that olive ripeness does not influence the abundance of any of the three isotopes studied. On the other hand, the olive variety influences the abundance of the oxygen and hydrogen isotopes, and also, less markedly, that of carbon. No clear-cut effect of height or latitude on isotope values is observed, probably because the olive variety also changes with height and latitude, thus masking such influences. The oil samples from dryland-grown olives had increased d 13 C values relative to irrigation-grown olives. In addition, no definite relationship appears to exist between isotope distribution and fatty acid composition. Finally, oil samples from olives harvested in the 2005/06 season in Italy could be distinguished from those from Spain in terms of their isotopic values (d 2 H mainly).

Öz Bu araştırmanın amacı, lise son sınıfa devam eden 17-18 yaş aralığındaki ergenlerin bağımlılık yapan maddeleri deneme ve devamlı kullanma durumları ile anne baba tutumları arasındaki ilişkiyi saptamaktır. Araştırma madde bağımlılığı alan yazınına önemli bir katkı sunmayı hedeflemektedir. Araştırmanın örneklemini Diyarbakır ilinin Çermik ilçesinde ki 4 farklı liseden 201 öğrenci (100 kadın, 101 erkek) oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada veri toplamak amacıyla araştırmacı tarafından geliştirilen Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Çocuk Yetiştirme Stilleri Ölçeği ve Bağlanma Stilleri Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın hipotezlerini test etmek için SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) 21.00 paket programı kullanılmıştır. Paket programı yardımı ile korelasyon, regresyon ve t-testi metotları uygulanmıştır. Araştırmada elde edilen bulgulara göre katılımcıların üçte birinin bağımlılık yapıcı maddeleri kullandığı ve cinsiyet dağılımının %59,4 erkek %7 kadın şeklinde gerçekleştiği görülmüştür. Madde bağımlılığı ile anne baba tutumu arasındaki ilişki incelendiğinde sıkı denetimli ailelerin çocuklarının madde kullanımı anlamlı bir seviyede daha yüksek çıkarken, kabul/ilgi boyutundaki ergenlerin madde kullanım oranı anlamlı bir seviyede daha düşük çıkmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Ergenlik, Madde Bağımlılığı, Anne Baba Tutumu. Abstract The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between 17-18 aged adolescents' drug abuse level and child raising style. This study aims to give notable contribution to substance abuse literature in our country. The sample of the study consists of 201 students (100 women, 101 men) from 4 different high schools in Çermik county of Diyarbakır. Personal Information Form, Child Raising Styles Scale and Binding Styles Scale developed by the researchers were used to collect data in the research. SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) 21.00 statistical package program is used to analyze hypothesis of the research. Correlation, regression, and t-test methods are used via package program. According to the findings of the research, one third of the respondents used addictive substances and the gender distribution was 59.4% male, 7% female. When the relationship between substance abuse and parental attitude was examined, the substance use rate of the children of the supervised families was higher at a significant level, while the substance use rate of the adolescents at the acceptance / interest level was lower at a significant level. Giriş Bu araştırmanın amacı 17-18 yaş aralığında olan ergenlerin bağımlılık yapan madde kullanıp kullanmadıklarını araştırmak ve kullanan öğrencilerin onları bu maddeleri kullanmaya iten sosyo-demografik özellikler ile anne-baba tutumu arasında ki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Çocukluktan yetişkinliğe geçiş dönemi olarak tanımlanan ergenlik dönemi, fizyolojik ve psikolojik açıdan bireyin gelecekteki hayatını etkileyen bir dönemdir. Ergen, bu dönemde kendi kimliğini oluşturmaya başlar ve bu kimliğini toplumsal olarak kabul ettirme amacı taşır. Bu sebeple, ergen bireyler bu dönemde psikolojik açıdan birçok farklı sorunla karşı karşıya kalabilir. Ergenlik dönemindeki bireyin ailesi ile olan ilişkisi ve nasıl bir çocukluk geçirdiği karşılaşılabilecek muhtemel sorunların ortaya çıkmasında ve çözümünde hayati bir öneme sahiptir. Bu çalışmada bağımlılık yapma gücü yüksek olan sigara ve esrar maddelerinin gençler arasında kullanım oranı ve aile tutumu ile bağımlılık arasındaki korelasyon incelenmektedir. Ergenlerin madde bağımlısı olmaları konusunda literatürde pek çok çalışma bulunmaktadır. Örneğin, İstanbul'da yapılan bir araştırmada ergenlikte madde kullanımının arkadaş ortamıyla olan ilişkisi araştırılmış ve madde kullanımı ile arkadaş ortamı arasındaki ilişkinin anlamlı bulunduğu görülmüştür (Erdem, Eke, Ögel & Taner, 2006, 111-116). Madde kullanımının sebeplerinin araştırıldığı başka bir araştırmada ailesi ile sorun yaşayan bireylerin sorun yaşamayan bireylere oranla anlamlı bir şekilde daha yüksek seviyede madde bağımlılığı yaşadığı gösterilmiştir (Akfert, Çakıcı& Çakıcı, 2009, 40-47).

Research to determine the coefficient of permeability based on effective grain size of sand have been carried out by several researches. Those research is mainly aimed to develop equation to predict permeability of soils. However, the relationship between permeability and fine fraction has never been specifically considered. This study was performed to find the relationship between the coefficient permeability and soil properties and soil classification related to fine fraction. In addition to that, the suitability of permeability equation to available data is evaluated. Nearly 100 undisturbed samples were tested for their coefficient of permeability in laboratory. Grain size, hydrometer, and consistency analyses were also performed. The data obtained from the testing soil properties such as the value of k, liquid limit (LL), plastic limit (PL) plasticity index (PI), percent sand, percent fine, percent silt, and percent clay. The data are than arranged and analyzed for possible correlations. It is found that previous correlations cannot be used because the soil in this study are mainly fine grained soil, were as the existing equation are suitable for sand. Fat clay is the smallest soil permeability, the next row is, and lean clay, lean clay with sand, sandy lean clay, and most of it are clayey sand. Obtained relationship between permeability and fine grains are k = (205.15e-0.081xF) x 10-6 in cm/sec. The equation applies if the fines contained in the soil between more than 25%