Turtle ectoparasites from the Pacific coastal region of Colombia

Animals, 2021

The present study contributes to the knowledge of epibionts recorded on sea turtles that nested on a beach in the South Pacific of Mexico. A total of 125 Lepidochelys olivacea turtles nested on Llano Real beach, Guerrero, Mexico, were examined. We collected 450 conspicuous organisms from 8 species from 43 turtles. The corresponding data analysis was carried out to obtain the relative abundance, the relationship between turtle sizes and the presence of organisms, the similarity of species between the sampling months, and the interspecific relationships between the epibionts and the turtles observed. Chelonibia testudinaria was the most abundant species, while Remora remora was the least abundant species. The turtles were divided into six body sections, with the greatest abundance of these organisms located in the head–neck section of turtles, and there was a significant difference in the size of the turtles that presented epibionts and those that did not. C. testudinaria showed great...

Boletín Científico, Museo de Historia Natural 17(2):153-159, 2013

—Most existing studies on the White-lipped Mud Turtle, Kinosternon leucostomum, have been based on northern Central American populations, leaving a lack of information on populations from southern Central America and South America. Herein we studied morphology, diet, and population structure of a population of the southern Kinosternon leucostomum postinguinale inhabiting four creeks in Colombia. Observed habitats used were highly variable, ranging from relatively clean waters to streams used for sewage disposal of wastewater from a human settlement. Body size was smaller than that of other populations of southern K. l. postinguinale and also than that of the northern K. l. leucostomum. Sexual dimorphism was evident, with males heavier, longer, and wider than females. Body size was associated with the habitat of origin, with Barrio Nuevo individuals being the largest. The main components of the diet were plant material, insects, snails, and algae. We did not find evidence of sexual differences in the diet, but we found geographic differences in the body size. The population with the largest individuals, from Barrio Nuevo Creek, consumed more snails while those from Totumo Creek, the population with the smallest individuals, consumed more ants and plant material as compared to the other creeks. Additionally, we found a highly male-biased sex ratio, with 2.5 adult males per female, very few juveniles, and no nests, which suggests a dangerous risk of population decline. We suggest continued monitoring of the demography of this population, emphasizing its reproductive biology. Resumen.—La informacíon existente sobre la Tortuga Tapaculo, Kinosternon leucostomum, ha sido generalmente basada en las poblaciones del norte de Centro América, dejando un desconocimiento sobre las poblaciones del sur de Centro Amé rica y Sur América. En este trabajo nosotros documentamos la morfología, dieta, y estructura de una poblacíon de la subespecie del sur K. l. postinguinale que habita en 4 quebradas en Colombia. Los hábitats observados fueron muy variables, desde quebradas relativamente limpias hasta quebradas que reciben aguas negras de asentamientos humanos. El tamañ o corporal fue menor a lo reportado por otras poblaciones de la misma subespecie e incluso de la subespecie del norte, K. l. leucostomum. El dimorfismo sexual fue evidente, con machos má s pesados, largos, y anchos que las hembras. El tamañ o corporal estuvo asociado al hábitat de origen, siendo las tortugas de Barrio Nuevo las más grandes. La dieta estuvo compuesta de material vegetal, insectos, caracoles, y algas. Nosotros no encontramos diferencias sexuales en la dieta pero si diferencias geográ ficas en el tamañ o. Las tortugas de Barrio Nuevo que fueron las más grandes consumieron más caracoles, mientras que las tortugas más pequeñ as de El Totumo consumieron más plantas y hormigas en comparacíon con los otras quebradas. Adicionalmente, encontramos una proporcíon sexual sesgada hacia los machos, con 2.5 machos por hembra, muy pocos juveniles y ning´un nido, lo que sugiere un riesgo peligroso de disminucíon poblacional. Recomendamos un monitoreo continuo de la demografía de esta poblacíon y sobre su biología reproductiva en particular.

Journal of Parasitology, 2006

Revista Portuguesa de História, 2013

Prawo

Zastosowanie mediacji jako konsensualnej metody opanowania sporów ma swoje aksjologiczne uzasadnienie w szeroko pojmowanej praktyce obrotu gospodarczego. Jest to przypadek, w którym aksjologia działania człowieka ma też swój wymiar prakseologiczny. Mediacje są narzędziem realizowania takich wartości, jak dobro społeczne i sprawiedliwość społeczna, gdyż są nie tylko wyrazem idei sprawiedliwości naprawczej, lecz także realizacją mechanizmów sprawiedliwości proceduralnej poprzez włączenie w praktykę opanowania sporów mechanizmów oddolnej partycypacji, co w efekcie skutkuje odciążeniem aparatu wymiaru sprawiedliwości i działania systemu administracji publicznej.

Muzafer Sherif, was a pivotal psychologist in the founding modern social psychology, who developed several specific tools for understanding social processes, especially social norms and social conflict. Several of his ideas have been absorbed into social psychology so completely that Sherif’s role in their origins has been obscured. Muzafer Sherif designed and then carried out his classic “Robbers Cave” studies. The experiment was staged as a ‘natural’ boys’ camp in which the boys were monitored and observed. It would seem evident that developing games as the study of the showed would theoretically be parallel to developing group or religious rituals. Furthermore, on the face of it, the games-rituals played a role of encouraging submission of the individual to the group through the acceptance of rules and rituals (participation in this case also being a sign of submission). For instance, In the dam climbing game by the Rattler’s group there was a specific “pecking” order or hierarchy in the ability of an individual to occupy a specific position on the dam. Clifford Geertz, an icon of anthropology observed that in “the autonomous process of symbolic formulation” and went on to say that ‘ideologies [are] systems of interacting symbols, as patterns of interworking meanings” (p. 207) That is, these games and rituals spontaneously created by young people could qualify as ideologies in the sense that Geertz proposed.

PPG Daljab K.2, 2022