The Chamanga Cultural Center

Art Inquiry, 2024

The article is devoted to the effects of earthquakes on the art of Cusco (Viceroyalty of Peru). The most obvious effects were destruction and subsequent reconstruction of architectural structures, as well as period-appropriate building fittings. Hence, the cataclysm of 1650 is seen as a turning point for stylistic changes in the art of Cusco. New architecture of the city in the second half of the 17 th century definitely had Baroque features. Mannerism and Renaissance had largely been destroyed and a new language of more dynamic forms began to dominate. Artistic life intensified and workshops developed in the city alongside increased religiousness centred around specific images that were considered miraculous and supportive for the citizens during the disaster. Finally, the article also mentions the 1950 earthquake, leading, in the authors' opinion, to a change in thinking about colonial art in Cusco, which began to be more appreciated by the local people.

Chile is one of the most seismic countries in the world, constantly trembling due to its location in the so-called "Ring of Fire", an area composed of several tectonic plates which remain in constant friction and tension where earthquakes and eruptions of volcanoes frequently occur. In the case of Chile, the Oceanic or Nazca plate subduces under the South American continental plate, meaning that, as the marine crust is denser it penetrates under the less dense one due to its weight; being this area a zone of encounter where the earthquakes or tectonic earthquakes occur. The speed between plates is on the order of 8 to 10 centimeters per year and the movement is not regular, but unpredictable (Cisternas, 2001). Depending on the strength, deformation and the place of encounter between the two plates, the earthquakes can be classified under: Interplate, Outer-rise, Oceanic intraplate, or Continental intraplate (CSN, U. Chile). Most earthquakes recorded, with a significant magnitude in Chile, are under the type of Inter-plate; which are caused when the net force of the plate is greater than the friction that tends to block the subduction. Therefore, when it is able to move, the earthquake is generated and its magnitude is consequently proportional to that movement. It is useful to note that, when the phenomenon generates a rupture in the ocean floor, tsunamis occur. Dramatic examples are the case of the earthquake in the city of Valdivia which happened in the year 1960 with a magnitude 9,5 Mw; where the contact between the plates moved 25 meters along that translated in a The relative value of the architectural heritage in seismic hazardous countries: the Severín library (Valparaíso, Chile). ABSTRACT: In Chile, the value of the heritage concept is relative. The seismic reality has granted a condition of fragility to any architecture built. However, this quality requires a process of cultural adaptation, typological, materials, which has accelerated the search for new forms of construction for conservation. While the seismic hazard temporarily narrows the built, it develops technologically. The city of Valparaiso, declared a Historic-Cultural Heritage Site by UNESCO in 2003, was set as one of the main ports in the South Pacific since the opening of the route through Cabo de Hornos, establishing himself as one of the most important cities the country and getting itself to designate as the "Jewel of the Pacific". However, the city was not without disasters due to its location on the so-called "ring of fire", one of the areas with the greatest seismic hazard worldwide. The earthquake of August 1906 destroyed almost the entire sector into crisis Almendral all buildings of the time. The reconstruction plan, executed four months later, was an opportunity to change the techniques with a view to the Centenary of the Chilean Republic. The paper studies the case of Severín Library as one of the first neoclassical buildings, executed in the city, developed with the goal of being a landmark heritage building in the port city. Located opposite Victoria Square, it is designed by architects Renato Schiavon and Arnaldo Barison and executed in 1912 with techniques that allowed her vocation of continuity in time. Compound with classical elements but with a novel structural type, this building will be an equity benchmark for the time when it was built and by the objectives that originated it.

Materials Research Proceedings, 2025

Chile is one of the most seismically active countries in the world, due to the subduction of the Nazca Plate beneath the South American Plate, which causes earthquakes with magnitudes above 7.0 approximately every ten years. This high seismicity has always shaped the characteristics of vernacular architecture and traditional construction techniques, particularly adobe buildings, through a process of trial and error. Seismically vulnerable structures have disappeared, while those that have survived owe their resilience to the development of a seismic culture among the inhabitants and the creation of technical solutions that allow buildings to respond better to seismic events. This is the case of Tulahuén, a village located in the mountains of the Coquimbo region in northern Chile, where vernacular architecture, characterized by the use of adobe, incorporates various types of wooden reinforcements, built by the residents themselves, which have enabled these structures to withstand the intense local seismic activity. This article is the result of two research studies, in which, through direct observation and the collection of oral memories from local inhabitants, the seismic-resistant devices present in Tulahuén were characterized and their role in the resilience of this vernacular architecture was evaluated.

Iberoamericana, 2014

Artículo, 2018

The objective of this research is to improve tourist management after the earthquake on April 16, 2016 in the Bolívar canton, by proposing a strategic plan that responds to existing problems. The methodology employed consists of four phases: (1) post-earthquake diagnosis; (2) determine the main strengths, weaknesses, threats, opportunities and strategic positioning of the territory; (3) identify strategies based on long-term sustainable tourism planning; and the (4) proposal of the strategic plan, which as a result allowed the identification of 9 programs supported by 19 projects aimed at the improvement and reactivation of tourist attractions, basic services and commercialization.

2017

A comparative, critical aproximation to the artistic productions of Óscar Figueroa Chaves, "Intervención en el edificio de la UFCO", and Marcos Agudelo, "Cianómetro", is presented. These pieces were a part of the tenth Central American Biennale "Todas las vidas", curated by Tamara Díaz Bringas in the year 2016, in the provinces of Limón and San José, Costa Rica. The analysis of these works addresses the complexities found in the ways architectural patrimony in Costa Rica assigns historical meaning and value to public spaces. Through a re-contextualization of the concepts and aesthetic qualities associated to, in the case of Figueroa, the pesticide blue plastic used in banana plantations, and in the case of Agudelo, the sky, this essay explores the urgent need to make visible, palpable, the way public spaces exclude certain populations from their historical memory in addition to reflecting on what can constitute a reparative actions.

The Art Bulletin, 2018

Earthquake disasters are a common experience of most Latin American countries since precolumbian times. While in the Andes converging movements of the Nazca and South American plates frequently led to seismic tensions during the last centuries, in Central America and the Caribbean, three tectonic formations, the North American, the Cocos and the Caribbean plates are on a collision course with comparable consequences. The heavy earthquakes of the hemisphere do not only claim countless human lives and cause considerable material damages, in many cases they also shatter the state, economy and society of the affected countries. Since many seismic catastrophes influenced the political, social, cultural, psychological and urban life, these tragic events attracted not only the interest of political scientists, but also of historians, anthropologists and sociologists. 2 During the 20th and at the beginning of the 21st century most Latin American countries were haunted by seismic disasters. Since 1900, Argentina recorded 59 medium size or heavy earthquakes; Central Mexico experienced 13 of such events, Nicaragua recorded 90 and Peru 114. Some earthquakes are regarded as turning points in the history of the affected country. The quake that almost leveled the Argentine city of San Juan in 1944 allowed the ruling military government and above all Juan Perón to show their ability to master a disaster induced crisis. It therefore played an important role in the rise of the Peronist movement (Healey 2011). The seismic catastrophe that shook the Mexican capital in 1985 paralyzed the PRI's government apparatus for a while, revealed the incompetence of its local representatives and provoked a debate on the legitimacy of Mexico's one-party rule (UNAM 1986. In 1970, the Peruvian city of Yungay was destroyed by an earthquake and a massive landslide caused by it. This event gave the ruling military reform government the opportunity to rebuild an entire city according to its urbanistic ideals (Bode 1990, Zeilinga de Boer/Sanders 2005: 194-220). In 1972, an earthquake disaster leveled large parts of the Nicaraguan capital Managua. The shameless theft of relief funds undermined the ruling Somoza dictatorship and prepared the Sandinista revolution of 1979 (Dosal 2009, Wheelock

2018

Structural Studies, Repairs and Maintenance of Heritage Architecture XI, 2009

This paper attempts to describe the structural conditions of the historical adobe buildings that are located in the coast of Peru, which is a zone of high seismic activity. The seismicity of the zone is discussed through an earthquake hazard analysis and the importance of action towards the protection of heritage architecture is emphasized. It is noted that the state of general disrepair and the intrinsic weakness of the earthen constructions add to the seismic vulnerability of this kind of heritage architecture. Besides, the repair after actual damage or destruction from earthquakes, even when timely undertaken, may lead to alteration of the valuable originality of heritage structures, owing to the unavailability of materials or skill from the time of the original constructions. The need for initiatives towards preventive actions for protection from damages and prevention of collapse due to earthquake disasters appears quite evident.