GLOBAL PACT: Birth and Organization of Territories

This paper considers the place and the role of AI in the pursuit of the common good. The notion of the common good has a long and venerable history in social philosophy, but this notion, so it is argued, becomes problematic with the imminent advent of Artificial General Intelligence. Should AI be regarded as being in the service of the common good of humanity, or should the definition of the social common rather be enlarged to include non-human entities in general, and AI's, which in the future may include human level and superhuman level AI's, in particular? The paper aims to clarify the questions and the concepts involved by interpreting Bruno Latour's proposal for a politics of nature with specific reference to the challenge posed by the imminent advent of human level artificial general intelligence (AGI). The recent suggestion by eminent AI researcher, Stuart Russell, that the pursuit of AI should be reoriented towards AI that remain in the service of the human good, will be used as a critical interlocutor of Latour's model. The paper concludes with the suggestion that the challenge will be to steer a middle ground between two unacceptable extremes. On the one hand the extreme of a "truth politics" that assumes there is a pure human nature and definite human interests that must be protected against AI should be avoided. On the other hand, the alternative extreme of a naked "power politics" must also be avoided because there is a very real possibility that super AI may emerge victorious out of such a power struggle.

Gazi University Journal of Science Part B: Art, Humanities, Design and Planning, 2022

Artificial intelligence is yet a beneficial agent for sustainable development actions by providing unique contributions to technological advancements focused on various wicked problems, such as; the depletion of natural resources, social inequality, climate crisis and neoliberal growth policies. Rather than a group of humans' biased deficient actions and anthropocentric development strategies to reach a more sustainably designed future, AI is the one possible gamechanger that may be the way of activating an alternative ecocentric mindset. However, there is also an unclear risk contingency about the way of integration of AI into planet-scale of actions. The interference of AI into these processes may cause some authorization and dominance related problems, which is crucial in defining the dynamics of human-machine interaction and AIecology interaction. The aim of the study is to review and analyze the literature of current theories and the possible future interaction between artificial consciousness and human consciousness, in consideration of sustainability, by defining some speculative cause and effect relations. The human-machine interaction, the strategies for assigning roles for AC, its' potential and possible negative-positive impacts have been investigated by considering some possible scenarios related to the decisions about the future of AI in the context of sustainability. The positioning, authorization and limitations of AI are evaluated along with some possible future envisionings. As a result, it is crucial to manage and steer the development of AI and identify the hierarchical and strategic actions of AI integrated value creation and development processes to ensure the safety of a sustainable future.

The major innovation of deep ecology is ontological rather than ethical. The single most crucial distinction, which gives rise to any ethical development, is found in the granting of a certain ontological status to the earth as a whole. Prominent assertions, including those involving holism, tend to take a top-down view which denies the complexities of the contextual and located realities of human subjects, as well as the role of the affective and phenomenal in human ethical motivation. However, “traditional” anthropocentric standpoints are also insufficient. A second-order cybernetic approach unites the efforts of expanding our ethical obligations with the acknowledgment of the role membership and interest play in establishing the boundaries of those obligations.

Space and Polity, 2021

AI and Ethics, 2021

Ethical, social and human rights aspects of computing technologies have been discussed since the inception of these technologies. In the 1980s, this led to the development of a discourse often referred to as computer ethics. More recently, since the middle of the 2010s, a highly visible discourse on the ethics of artificial intelligence (AI) has developed. This paper discusses the relationship between these two discourses and compares their scopes, the topics and issues they cover, their theoretical basis and reference disciplines, the solutions and mitigations options they propose and their societal impact. The paper argues that an understanding of the similarities and differences of the discourses can benefit the respective discourses individually. More importantly, by reviewing them, one can draw conclusions about relevant features of the next discourse, the one we can reasonably expect to follow after the ethics of AI. The paper suggests that instead of focusing on a technical a...

Volume 10 of Pulse, 2023

This article examines the application of ecological metaphors to socio-technical systems. This is a long and contested tradition that has often been critiqued for misapplying biological principles to the understanding of socio-technical systems. The practice of linking ecology with technology, however, is not inherently problematic. In this article, I seek to demonstrate how modern ecosystems are predicated upon dualistic ideologies that allow for the subsumption of nature into techno-capitalist value extraction. When applied to AI systems as such, the ecosystem metaphor obscures the material, spatial, and interrelational roots of AI. Ecology, however, is conceived differently in Indigenous island traditions, especially across the Pacific. Here, the world is seen as a continual emergence out of rich, diverse, and complex multispecies interactions. We may thus begin to see the parallels between islands and AI as world-1 Rhea Jiang is a graduate of the Master in Design Studies program at Harvard Graduate School of Design. making projects. This article then explores how new formulations of AI-informed by Indigenous island ontologies-can be more inclusive of not just human creators and users but also the minerals, plants, and animals that directly or indirectly impact AI's formation. This expansive understanding compels us to confront the extractive relations that underline AI today, but also to imagine a different model in which AI systems exist not as a monolith but as multiple heterogenous forms. This vision of AI is therefore one of biotechnical diversity, which can be nurtured and restored to introduce new forms at smaller scales, thereby addressing a fuller spectrum of moral and environmental questions.

AI and Ethics

Artificial intelligence (AI) development and applications are growing rapidly. Simultaneously, researchers have also been exploring the ethical, legal, social, and economic (ELSE) implications of it. However, global mapping of the ELSE implications of AI is lacking, hence we explored it through mixed qualitative and quantitative research methods. Using a scientometrics analysis of the publication records (between 1991 and 2020; n = 1028), and content analysis of highly cited publications, our study provided insights on the ELSE implications of AI. Our study findings indicate that ELSE implications of AI development started gaining momentum globally over the last 5 years and we predict that by the end of this decade publication numbers will be more than 750 per year. Europe (46%) and North America (33%) were leaders in publications in this area while Africa (1.8%) and South America (1.4%) have lagged behind. Additionally, the computer science (350) research area had the maximum number of ELSE implications of AI publications, followed by humanities and social sciences (e.g., legal, policy; 322), but have not been explored extensively in the agricultural sciences (23). We observed that the major disparities in studies of ELSE implications of AI were found to be a combination of economics, governance, sociocultural, and policy factors. ELSE implications must be explored through a multidisciplinary approach, taking into consideration the stakeholders' perspectives right at the inception of AI systems development to gain trust and better adoption by the end users. Keywords AI and ethics • Scientometrics • Keyword analysis • ELSE implications of AI • Co-occurrence analysis • AI ethics and global mapping • Content analysis • AI ethics and agricultural sciences * Debasmita Patra

Smarter Planet or Wiser Earth? Dialogue and Collaboration in the Era of Artificial Intelligence, 2023

This book shows how to place a different conception of rationality at the center of our individual lives and shared institutions. It conceives of rationality as collaborative dialogue that can make us not only smarter but wiser. Research on negotiation, group problem solving, conflict transformation, and peacemaking has discovered strategies for this second way of reasoning. It is exemplified by Gandhian satyagraha, Quaker communal discernment, Indigenous ways of knowing, and a variety of well studied methods of conflict resolution. The book describes systematic ways to use this second practice of rationality to transform our ethics, economics, politics, and technology. We can integrate the values, legacies, and complementary forms of intelligence found in human traditions, natural organisms, and machine systems to promote a more just, convivial, ecologically sustainable, and spiritually nourishing world. Nonviolent methods of moral experimentation, can guide that work through discerning, demonstrating and defending emergent objective values. Chapter Six radically reframes research on AI by returning to the paper in which Alan Turing laid out the modern Standard Model for computers as “Turing Machines”. It shows how Turing also included cryptic but seminal suggestions for developing an alternative model of AI as a “Turing Child”. Major breakthroughs in technology are moving us towards this second conception of AI and the five strategies for dialogical programming described here. Th book provides detailed examples and a guiding vision of how to transform our practices of rationality in each major arena of life in order to make our way down paths towards a Wiser Earth.

Cornell University - arXiv, 2022

Neither a person nor an apple can be diverse. Diversity is the property of a collection of people-a basket with many kinds of fruit.-Scott E.

AI and Ethics, 2021

Artificial intelligence can and should help to build a greener, more sustainable world and to deal with climate change. But these opportunities also raise ethical and political issues that need to be addressed if this project is to be successful. For example, the use of AI and the required data centers may involve high energy consumption, vulnerability to climate change and impact of climate measures differ across the globe and raise issues of justice, and when dealing with climate change in a way that influences or governs human behavior, there are trade-offs between effective measures that mitigate climate change and respecting human freedom. AI may also contribute to increasing humanity's hyper agency in relation to the planet, thus adding to what is known as the problem of the "Anthropocene". This article outlines and discusses these issues, with a focus on problems concerning freedom and justice at a global level, and calls for responsible use of AI for climate in the light of these challenges.