Administration and Management

Although it is probably the best-known Prospective Hazard Analysis (PHA) tool, Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) is far from the only option available. This paper introduces one of the alternatives: The Structured What-If Technique (SWIFT). SWIFT is a flexible, high-level risk identification technique that can be used on a standalone basis, or as part of a staged approach to make more efficient use of bottom-up methods like FMEA.

In this paper we describe the method, assess the evidence related to its use in healthcare using a systematic literature review, and suggest ways in which it could be better adapted for use in the healthcare industry. Based on the limited
evidence available, it appears that healthcare workers find it easy to learn, easy to use, and credible. Especially when used as part of a staged approach, SWIFT appears capable of playing a useful role as component of the PHA
armamentarium.

Resumen:
Una frecuente y peligrosa confusión respecto a la innovación es la creencia de que se trata de una nueva moda propiciada por los expertos del management. Ello definitivamente no es así. La innovación es un principio fundamental y universal de supervivencia de cualquier sistema. La innovación no es más que el proceso a través del cual los sistemas –ya sean biológicos, productivos, sociales, políticos u otros- mantienen la congruencia con el entorno que los hace posibles (Vignolo, Ramírez y Vergara, 2010). Lo anterior, en la práctica, se ve reflejado de distintas formas y adquiere modalidades diversas en las organizaciones: mejoras incrementales en la prestación de servicios; nuevas formas de organización y/o nuevas formas de incentivar o recompensar a los actores; rediseño de procesos y “reinvención”; nuevas formas de gestión y comunicación; cambios radicales en los modelos de negocio y en la incorporación de tecnología; etc. (Mulgan, 2007). Es por todo ello necesario indagar sobre los niveles de avance que la innovación ha presentado en el sector público en los últimos años y si es factible lograr acuñar una nomenclatura y marco de referencia propio que potencie el mejoramiento de nuestras instituciones públicas.
Palabras clave: Innovación, gestión pública, cambio organizativo, sector público, modernización administrativa.

Abstract:
A frequent and dangerous confusion about innovation is the belief that it is a new trend brought about by the management experts. This definitely is not. Innovation is a fundamental and universal principle of survival of any system. Innovation is just only the process by which systems - biological, productive, social, political or other - maintain consistency with the environment that makes it possible (Vignolo, Ramirez and Vergara, 2010). This, in practice, is reflected in different ways and takes different forms in organizations: incremental improvements in service delivery, new forms of organization and / or new ways to encourage or reward the actors, process redesign and "reinvention", new forms of management and communication, radical changes in business models and the incorporation of technology, etc. (Mulgan, 2007). Is necessary to investigate all levels of advancement that innovation presented in the public sector in recent years and if it is feasible to strike a nomenclature and framework to enhance improvement of our public institutions.
Keywords: Innovation, public management, organizational change, public sector, administrative modernization.

Local self-government a sign of the country's democratic development, one of the basic principles of people's government. For real decentralization implementation it's necessary to improve legislation in this field. Countries Economic growth, sustainable economic development and solving of social problems is achievable with suitable local self-government system. Local self-government is in the process of formation in Georgia. The goal of the study is to evaluate the role of self-government, reveal its the problems in Georgia and identify its developmental perspectives. The practical study is based on the qualitative study of the self-government of Georgia. The study used questionnaires and interviews, as well as graphical, grouping and comparison methods. The research outcomes show the peculiarities of establishment and trends of development of self-government in Georgia. The novelty of the research is the opportunity to evaluate the existing state of self-government and prospects for its development and work out the recommendations to improve the efficiency of the self-government in the country.